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Videos of the our Shows from 2001 to 2019 are available on www.vimeo.com/southendaquarist
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Videos of the our Shows from 2001 to 2019 are available on www.vimeo.com/southendaquarist
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Southend Leigh and District Aquarist Society.
The Society has been active since at least 1935 and even held a show in the Kursaal in 1938. Current members range from novices to those with life long experience of fishkeeping in aquariums & ponds.
New members always welcome- you get three meetings at no cost to see if you like us- we won`t ask you to subscribe until your fourth visit.
We have held a Show almost every year since 1948. Traditionally our show is held in May.
Southend-on-Sea commonly referred to simply as Southend, is a large coastal town and wider unitary authority area with city status in southeastern Essex, England.It was granted city status by the Prime Minister on the recent knifing of the popular member of parliament for Southend West, Sir David Amess, who had long championed the town as deserving the city status. The city lies on the north side of the Thames Estuary, 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world, Southend Pier. London Southend Airport is located 1.5 NM (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) north of the city centre.
More news for the fishkeeper can be found at:- https://www.facebook.com/groups/https://www.facebook.com/groups/181515255319981// this is derived from newspapers & websites etc.
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The Complete Genome Sequences of 38 Species of Elephantfishes (Mormyridae, Osteoglossiformes)Rose Peterson ,John Sullivan ,Stacy Pirro
mormyridaegenome
•https://doi.org/10.56179/001c.56077biogenomes
Peterson, Rose, John Sullivan, and Stacy Pirro. 2022. “The Complete Genome Sequences of 38 Species of Elephantfishes (Mormyridae, Osteoglossiformes).” Biodiversity Genomes, November. https://doi.org/10.56179/001c.56077.
Save article as...▾
Data Sets/Files (1)
AbstractWe present the complete genome sequences of 38 species of elephantfishes from 20 genera. Illumina sequencing was performed on genetic material from single wild-caught individuals. The reads were assembled using a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via Genbank.
IntroductionThe Mormyridae are a family of weakly electric freshwater fish found over most of Africa, with the exception of the Sahara, northernmost Mahgreb and southernmost Cape provinces. They are an important food source in Africa’s inland regions where they are often the most abundant fish available (Sullivan and Lavoué 2022).
Elephantfishes possess organs that generate weak electric fields, and electroreceptors that can sense nearby objects and prey as distortions to their self-produced detect the electric fields generated by prey in low visibility conditions (Carlson et al. 2019).
We present the complete genome sequences of 38 species of elephantfishes from 20 genera. Tissue samples were obtained from preserved museum specimens.
MethodsDNA extraction was performed using the Qiagen DNAeasy genomic extraction kit using the standard process. A paired-end sequencing library was constructed using the Illumina TruSeq kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The library was sequenced on an Illumina Hi-Seq platform in paired-end, 2 × 150 bp format. The resulting fastq files were trimmed of adapter/primer sequence and low-quality regions with Trimmomatic v0.33 (Bolger, Lohse, and Usadel 2014). The trimmed sequence was assembled by SPAdes v2.5 (Bankevich et al. 2012) followed by a finishing step using Zanfona (Kieras, O’Neill, and Pirro 2021).
Results and Data AvailabilityAll data, including raw reads and assembled genome sequence, is available via Genbank.
taxnamespecimen_voucherraw_read_datagenomeBoulengeromyrus knoepffleriCUMV 81643-2254SRR8717394JABJVO000000000
Brevimyrus nigerCUMV 94596SRR8717240JAABNY000000000
Brienomyrus brachyistiusCUMV 89979SRR8717393JAODOV000000000
Brienomyrus longianalisAMNH 257030SRR8717273JABJVP000000000
Campylomormyrus numeniusCUMV 97364SRR8717166JAODOW000000000
Campylomormyrus tamanduaCUMV 87879SRR8717220JABJVQ000000000
Cryptomyrus ogoouensisCUMV 98155SRR8717184JAOYFF000000000
Cyphomyrus discorhynchusCUMV 82809SRR8717165JABJVS000000000
Cyphomyrus wilverthiAMNH 253525SRR8717167JAODKV000000000
Genyomyrus donnyiCUMV 96735SRR8794244JAODJT000000000
Gnathonemus echidnorhynchusCUMV 96186SRR8794645 JAODJU000000000
Gnathonemus longibarbisCUMV 90412SRR8794644JAODJV000000000
Hippopotamyrus longilateralisSAIAB 78793SRR9215643JAOXXE000000000
Hippopotamyrus pictusCUMV 94598SRR8793730JAODLC000000000
Hyperopisus bebeCUMV 91467SRR8794911JAODJW000000000
Isichthys henryiCUMV 84650-2051SRR8794571 JAODJX000000000
Ivindomyrus marcheiCUMV 83105SRR8794910JAODJY000000000
Ivindomyrus opdenboschiCUMV 83107SRR8795503JAODJZ000000000
Marcusenius schilthuisiaeCUMV 87790SRR8794570JAODKA000000000
Marcusenius ussheriCUMV 97730SRR8794646JAODKB000000000
Mormyrops attenuatusCUMV 88155SRR8844661JAODKC000000000
Mormyrops boulengeriCUMV 87730SRR8844538JAODLD000000000
Mormyrops zanclirostrisCUMV 96834SRR8844858JAODKD000000000
Mormyrus hasselquistiiCUMV 94650SRR9055927JAODKE000000000
Mormyrus iriodesAMNH 263510SRR9056052JAAGVU000000000
Mormyrus lacerdaSAIAB 87199SRR9215603 JAABNX000000000
Mormyrus proboscirostrisCUMV 96245SRR8844651JAODKF000000000
Myomyrus macropsAMNH 231025SRR6399006JAODKG000000000
Myomyrus pharaoCUMV 96474SRR9214507JAODKH000000000
Paramormyrops hopkinsiCUMV 89281-5497SRR9214432JAODKI000000000
Petrocephalus microphthalmusCUMV 97508SRR6399355JAODKK000000000
Petrocephalus schoutedeniCUMV 97510SRR9214420JAODKL000000000
Petrocephalus sullivaniCUMV 79700SRR6410432JAODKM000000000
Petrocephalus zakoniCUMV 87787SRR9214598 JAODKN000000000
Pollimyrus isidoriCUMV 97714SRR9215378JABFDZ000000000
Pollimyrus plagiostomaCUMV 96188SRR9214508JABFEA000000000
Stomatorhinus ivindoensisCUMV 92286SRR9214431JABFEB000000000
Stomatorhinus walkeriCUMV 95160SRR9214424JAODUD000000000DiscussionThese published data have already been used in recent publications on mormyrid phylogenomics and taxonomy (Peterson et al. 2022; Sullivan et al. 2022) and will serve a resource for future studies of this group of fishes.
FundingFunding was provided by Iridian Genomes, grant# IRGEN_RG_2021-1345 Genomic Studies of Eukaryotic Taxa.
Submitted: November 21, 2022 EDT
Accepted: November 21, 2022 EDT
==========================
mormyridaegenome
•https://doi.org/10.56179/001c.56077biogenomes
Peterson, Rose, John Sullivan, and Stacy Pirro. 2022. “The Complete Genome Sequences of 38 Species of Elephantfishes (Mormyridae, Osteoglossiformes).” Biodiversity Genomes, November. https://doi.org/10.56179/001c.56077.
Save article as...▾
Data Sets/Files (1)
- 32 views
- 3 pdf downloads
AbstractWe present the complete genome sequences of 38 species of elephantfishes from 20 genera. Illumina sequencing was performed on genetic material from single wild-caught individuals. The reads were assembled using a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via Genbank.
IntroductionThe Mormyridae are a family of weakly electric freshwater fish found over most of Africa, with the exception of the Sahara, northernmost Mahgreb and southernmost Cape provinces. They are an important food source in Africa’s inland regions where they are often the most abundant fish available (Sullivan and Lavoué 2022).
Elephantfishes possess organs that generate weak electric fields, and electroreceptors that can sense nearby objects and prey as distortions to their self-produced detect the electric fields generated by prey in low visibility conditions (Carlson et al. 2019).
We present the complete genome sequences of 38 species of elephantfishes from 20 genera. Tissue samples were obtained from preserved museum specimens.
MethodsDNA extraction was performed using the Qiagen DNAeasy genomic extraction kit using the standard process. A paired-end sequencing library was constructed using the Illumina TruSeq kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The library was sequenced on an Illumina Hi-Seq platform in paired-end, 2 × 150 bp format. The resulting fastq files were trimmed of adapter/primer sequence and low-quality regions with Trimmomatic v0.33 (Bolger, Lohse, and Usadel 2014). The trimmed sequence was assembled by SPAdes v2.5 (Bankevich et al. 2012) followed by a finishing step using Zanfona (Kieras, O’Neill, and Pirro 2021).
Results and Data AvailabilityAll data, including raw reads and assembled genome sequence, is available via Genbank.
taxnamespecimen_voucherraw_read_datagenomeBoulengeromyrus knoepffleriCUMV 81643-2254SRR8717394JABJVO000000000
Brevimyrus nigerCUMV 94596SRR8717240JAABNY000000000
Brienomyrus brachyistiusCUMV 89979SRR8717393JAODOV000000000
Brienomyrus longianalisAMNH 257030SRR8717273JABJVP000000000
Campylomormyrus numeniusCUMV 97364SRR8717166JAODOW000000000
Campylomormyrus tamanduaCUMV 87879SRR8717220JABJVQ000000000
Cryptomyrus ogoouensisCUMV 98155SRR8717184JAOYFF000000000
Cyphomyrus discorhynchusCUMV 82809SRR8717165JABJVS000000000
Cyphomyrus wilverthiAMNH 253525SRR8717167JAODKV000000000
Genyomyrus donnyiCUMV 96735SRR8794244JAODJT000000000
Gnathonemus echidnorhynchusCUMV 96186SRR8794645 JAODJU000000000
Gnathonemus longibarbisCUMV 90412SRR8794644JAODJV000000000
Hippopotamyrus longilateralisSAIAB 78793SRR9215643JAOXXE000000000
Hippopotamyrus pictusCUMV 94598SRR8793730JAODLC000000000
Hyperopisus bebeCUMV 91467SRR8794911JAODJW000000000
Isichthys henryiCUMV 84650-2051SRR8794571 JAODJX000000000
Ivindomyrus marcheiCUMV 83105SRR8794910JAODJY000000000
Ivindomyrus opdenboschiCUMV 83107SRR8795503JAODJZ000000000
Marcusenius schilthuisiaeCUMV 87790SRR8794570JAODKA000000000
Marcusenius ussheriCUMV 97730SRR8794646JAODKB000000000
Mormyrops attenuatusCUMV 88155SRR8844661JAODKC000000000
Mormyrops boulengeriCUMV 87730SRR8844538JAODLD000000000
Mormyrops zanclirostrisCUMV 96834SRR8844858JAODKD000000000
Mormyrus hasselquistiiCUMV 94650SRR9055927JAODKE000000000
Mormyrus iriodesAMNH 263510SRR9056052JAAGVU000000000
Mormyrus lacerdaSAIAB 87199SRR9215603 JAABNX000000000
Mormyrus proboscirostrisCUMV 96245SRR8844651JAODKF000000000
Myomyrus macropsAMNH 231025SRR6399006JAODKG000000000
Myomyrus pharaoCUMV 96474SRR9214507JAODKH000000000
Paramormyrops hopkinsiCUMV 89281-5497SRR9214432JAODKI000000000
Petrocephalus microphthalmusCUMV 97508SRR6399355JAODKK000000000
Petrocephalus schoutedeniCUMV 97510SRR9214420JAODKL000000000
Petrocephalus sullivaniCUMV 79700SRR6410432JAODKM000000000
Petrocephalus zakoniCUMV 87787SRR9214598 JAODKN000000000
Pollimyrus isidoriCUMV 97714SRR9215378JABFDZ000000000
Pollimyrus plagiostomaCUMV 96188SRR9214508JABFEA000000000
Stomatorhinus ivindoensisCUMV 92286SRR9214431JABFEB000000000
Stomatorhinus walkeriCUMV 95160SRR9214424JAODUD000000000DiscussionThese published data have already been used in recent publications on mormyrid phylogenomics and taxonomy (Peterson et al. 2022; Sullivan et al. 2022) and will serve a resource for future studies of this group of fishes.
FundingFunding was provided by Iridian Genomes, grant# IRGEN_RG_2021-1345 Genomic Studies of Eukaryotic Taxa.
Submitted: November 21, 2022 EDT
Accepted: November 21, 2022 EDT
==========================
Clarias monsembulai • A New Species of Air-Breathing Catfish (Siluriformes: Clariidae: Clarias) from Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo
B, Clarias monsembulai Bernt & Stiassny, 2022
A, Clarias buthupogon Sauvage, 1879
DOI: 10.1206/3990.1
digitallibrary.AMNH.org
Abstract
A new species of air-breathing catfish, Clarias monsembulai, is described from Congo River tributaries within and bordering the Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The new taxon is recognized by its exceptionally long, white barbels, which lend a superficial resemblance to Clarias buthupogon, from which it differs in characters of the cleithrum and pigmentation patterning. We suggest placement of this species into the subgenus Clarioides but note the current dearth of morphological data to unite members of this group. We additionally discuss the validity of the subspecies Clarias angolensis macronema.
Lateral view of Clarias monsembulai new species, holotype AMNH 244176, 226 mm SL. Luilaka River at Ilenge, Salonga National Park. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Exposed cleithrum (demarcated by dashed line) of A, Clarias buthupogon, AMNH 227571, 162 mm SL and B, Clarias monsembulai, AMNH 244162, 183 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 cm
Clarias monsembulai, new species
Diagnosis: Clarias monsembulai can be distinguished from all congeners, with the exception of C. buthupogon, by its exceptionally long maxillary barbels (60% of standard length or greater) vs. maxillary barbels less than 60% SL (usually considerably less). It differs from C. buthupogon in the absence of fine, pale spots over the surface of the body and by an exposed bony surface of the cleithrum reaching 14%–20% of head length (vs. cleithrum deeply imbedded in soft tissue with only a narrow bony ridge visible externally). Clarias monsembulai can be further differentiated from C. angolensis, the species with which it shares closest phenotypic similarity, by longer nasal barbels (37%–51% SL vs. 22%–34% SL), longer internal mandibular barbels (29–37% SL vs. 16–27% SL), longer external mandibular barbels (45%–57% SL vs. 24%–40% SL); and by the coloration of maxillary barbels which are white or cream-colored distally over more than half of their length (vs. brown or gray over more than half their length).
Distribution: The species is currently known only from the Momboyo, Luilaka, Salonga, and Yenge river systems within the Cuvette Centrale of the middle Congo River Basin (fig. 6). However additional collecting throughout the region will likely extend this range (E. Decru, personal commun.).
Etymology: Named in honor of Raoul Monsembula Iyaba (professor of biology, University of Kinshasa) for collecting the type series of this species, and in recognition of his substantial contributions to central African ichthyology.
Maxwell J. Bernt and Melanie L.J. Stiassny. 2022. A New Species of Air-Breathing Catfish (Clariidae: Clarias) from Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. American Museum Novitates, (3990); 1-20. DOI: 10.1206/3990.1
digitallibrary.AMNH.org/handle/2246/7304
greenpeace.org/africa/en/press/52281/say-hi-to-clarias-monsembulai-new-fish-species-discovered-in-the-congo-river
==========================
B, Clarias monsembulai Bernt & Stiassny, 2022
A, Clarias buthupogon Sauvage, 1879
DOI: 10.1206/3990.1
digitallibrary.AMNH.org
Abstract
A new species of air-breathing catfish, Clarias monsembulai, is described from Congo River tributaries within and bordering the Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The new taxon is recognized by its exceptionally long, white barbels, which lend a superficial resemblance to Clarias buthupogon, from which it differs in characters of the cleithrum and pigmentation patterning. We suggest placement of this species into the subgenus Clarioides but note the current dearth of morphological data to unite members of this group. We additionally discuss the validity of the subspecies Clarias angolensis macronema.
Lateral view of Clarias monsembulai new species, holotype AMNH 244176, 226 mm SL. Luilaka River at Ilenge, Salonga National Park. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Exposed cleithrum (demarcated by dashed line) of A, Clarias buthupogon, AMNH 227571, 162 mm SL and B, Clarias monsembulai, AMNH 244162, 183 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 cm
Clarias monsembulai, new species
Diagnosis: Clarias monsembulai can be distinguished from all congeners, with the exception of C. buthupogon, by its exceptionally long maxillary barbels (60% of standard length or greater) vs. maxillary barbels less than 60% SL (usually considerably less). It differs from C. buthupogon in the absence of fine, pale spots over the surface of the body and by an exposed bony surface of the cleithrum reaching 14%–20% of head length (vs. cleithrum deeply imbedded in soft tissue with only a narrow bony ridge visible externally). Clarias monsembulai can be further differentiated from C. angolensis, the species with which it shares closest phenotypic similarity, by longer nasal barbels (37%–51% SL vs. 22%–34% SL), longer internal mandibular barbels (29–37% SL vs. 16–27% SL), longer external mandibular barbels (45%–57% SL vs. 24%–40% SL); and by the coloration of maxillary barbels which are white or cream-colored distally over more than half of their length (vs. brown or gray over more than half their length).
Distribution: The species is currently known only from the Momboyo, Luilaka, Salonga, and Yenge river systems within the Cuvette Centrale of the middle Congo River Basin (fig. 6). However additional collecting throughout the region will likely extend this range (E. Decru, personal commun.).
Etymology: Named in honor of Raoul Monsembula Iyaba (professor of biology, University of Kinshasa) for collecting the type series of this species, and in recognition of his substantial contributions to central African ichthyology.
Maxwell J. Bernt and Melanie L.J. Stiassny. 2022. A New Species of Air-Breathing Catfish (Clariidae: Clarias) from Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. American Museum Novitates, (3990); 1-20. DOI: 10.1206/3990.1
digitallibrary.AMNH.org/handle/2246/7304
greenpeace.org/africa/en/press/52281/say-hi-to-clarias-monsembulai-new-fish-species-discovered-in-the-congo-river
==========================
Nemacheilus cacao • A New Species of Loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from the middle Mekong Basin in Laos
Nemacheilus cacao
Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová, 2022
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 70
LKCNHM.nus.edu.sg
Abstract
Nemacheilus cacao, new species, is described from the middle Mekong basin in Laos. It differs from all other species of Nemacheilus by having an incomplete lateral line; and adult males having a plain grey-brown body and head (except ventral side), and with extensive tuberculation on the flank, on the dorsal side of the pectoral fin and on the head and nape. The phylogenetic position of N. cacao in the Selangoricus clade of Nemacheilus, as a sister species to N. platiceps, is supported by the presence of bars on the body in juveniles and females as well as by genetic data.
Key words. Cobitoidea, taxonomy, Khammouan, Nam Thorn, Xe Bangfai
Live specimen of Nemacheilus cacao, new species, ZRC 62554, paratype, male, 61.5 mm SL;
Laos: Khamouane province: Thakkhet district: small tributary of Nam Thorn at cave Tham Nang Eng
(Photo: J. Kühne).
Nemacheilus cacao, new species,
ZRC 62554, paratype, male, 61.5 mm SL.
ZRC 62553, holotype, 56.9 mm SL: mouth in ventral view,
left suborbital flap in lateral view.
Nemacheilus cacao, new species
Diagnosis. Nemacheilus cacao is distinguished from all other species of the genus except N. platiceps in having an incomplete lateral line reaching between verticals of pelvicfin origin and of anus, with 33–49 pores (vs. complete). Nemacheilus cacao is most easily distinguished from N. platiceps by its colour pattern, with a uniform dark brown body in adult males. In contrast, N. platiceps has 12–16 narrow bars on the flank, clearly distinct at all sizes and both sexes. In addition, N. cacao is distinguished from N. platiceps by males having: a conspicuous suborbital flap (vs. poorly developed); dorsal surface of first 3–7 pectoral-fin rays covered by densely-set small tubercles; flank with a patch of scales each with a small tubercle (vs. absence of tubercles on pectoral fin and flanks).
Etymology. From Theobroma cacao, the cacao tree whose seeds are used to produce chocolate; itself derived from kakawa in some ancient Mesoamerican language (Kaufman & Justeson, 2007). A reference to the chocolate brown colour of large males. A noun in apposition, indeclinable
Jörg Bohlen, Maurice Kottelat and Vendula Šlechtová. 2022. Nemacheilus cacao, A New Species of Loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the middle Mekong Basin in Laos. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 70; 511–518.
LKCNHM.nus.edu.sg/publications/raffles-bulletin-of-zoology/volumes/volume-70
==========================
Nemacheilus cacao
Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová, 2022
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 70
LKCNHM.nus.edu.sg
Abstract
Nemacheilus cacao, new species, is described from the middle Mekong basin in Laos. It differs from all other species of Nemacheilus by having an incomplete lateral line; and adult males having a plain grey-brown body and head (except ventral side), and with extensive tuberculation on the flank, on the dorsal side of the pectoral fin and on the head and nape. The phylogenetic position of N. cacao in the Selangoricus clade of Nemacheilus, as a sister species to N. platiceps, is supported by the presence of bars on the body in juveniles and females as well as by genetic data.
Key words. Cobitoidea, taxonomy, Khammouan, Nam Thorn, Xe Bangfai
Live specimen of Nemacheilus cacao, new species, ZRC 62554, paratype, male, 61.5 mm SL;
Laos: Khamouane province: Thakkhet district: small tributary of Nam Thorn at cave Tham Nang Eng
(Photo: J. Kühne).
Nemacheilus cacao, new species,
ZRC 62554, paratype, male, 61.5 mm SL.
ZRC 62553, holotype, 56.9 mm SL: mouth in ventral view,
left suborbital flap in lateral view.
Nemacheilus cacao, new species
Diagnosis. Nemacheilus cacao is distinguished from all other species of the genus except N. platiceps in having an incomplete lateral line reaching between verticals of pelvicfin origin and of anus, with 33–49 pores (vs. complete). Nemacheilus cacao is most easily distinguished from N. platiceps by its colour pattern, with a uniform dark brown body in adult males. In contrast, N. platiceps has 12–16 narrow bars on the flank, clearly distinct at all sizes and both sexes. In addition, N. cacao is distinguished from N. platiceps by males having: a conspicuous suborbital flap (vs. poorly developed); dorsal surface of first 3–7 pectoral-fin rays covered by densely-set small tubercles; flank with a patch of scales each with a small tubercle (vs. absence of tubercles on pectoral fin and flanks).
Etymology. From Theobroma cacao, the cacao tree whose seeds are used to produce chocolate; itself derived from kakawa in some ancient Mesoamerican language (Kaufman & Justeson, 2007). A reference to the chocolate brown colour of large males. A noun in apposition, indeclinable
Jörg Bohlen, Maurice Kottelat and Vendula Šlechtová. 2022. Nemacheilus cacao, A New Species of Loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the middle Mekong Basin in Laos. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 70; 511–518.
LKCNHM.nus.edu.sg/publications/raffles-bulletin-of-zoology/volumes/volume-70
==========================
Harttia canastra • A New Species of Harttia (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio São Francisco Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Harttia canastra
Caldas, Cherobim & Langeani, 2022
DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0051
Abstract
The genus Harttia belongs to the subfamily Loricariinae and has to date 27 described species, distributed in the drainages of Guiana Shield, Amazon and southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of: canal plate present; abdominal plates absent; trapezoid preanal plates; males with elongated and conspicuous odontodes on the first pectoral-fin ray and on the lateral region of the head, close to the canal plate; and dorsal-fin spinelet present. An identification key for the species of the rio São Francisco basin and a comparison between the new taxon and all other species of the genus are presented.
Keywords: Brazilian Crystalline Shield; Brazilian Plateau; Identification key; Streams; Waterfalls.
Harttia canastra, LIRP 651, male, holotype, 99.2 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio São Francisco, São Roque de Minas municipality, Fazenda Casca D’Anta.
A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.
Harttia canastra, DZSJRP 20172, female, paratype, 80.9 mm SL, São José do Barreiro, riacho Grande, road Vargem Bonita to São José do Barreiro, towards Cachoeira Casca D’Anta.
A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.
Harttia canastra, new species
Diagnosis. The naked abdomen between pectoral- and pelvic-fin girdles readily discriminates Harttia canastra from Harttia absaberi Oyakawa, Fichberg & Langeani, 2013, H. dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. fluminensis, H. fowleri (Pellegrin, 1908), H. longipinna, H. panara Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018, H. punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. rhombocephala, H. rondoni Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018, H. surinamensis Boeseman, 1971, H. trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. tuna, and H. villasboas Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018 (vs. abdomen partially or completely covered by plates; Figs. 3B,C). Harttia canastra can be distinguished from H. carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro, 1939, H. garavelloi Oyakawa, 1993, H. intermontana Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019, H. kronei Miranda Ribeiro, 1908, H. leiopleura, and H. novalimensis by having preanal plates (vs. preanal plates absent; Figs. 3A,D,E). Furthermore, Harttia canastra can be distinguished from H. torrenticola by having two to four large trapezoidal preanal plates and dorsal-fin spinelet present (vs. two to four circular preanal plates and dorsal-fin spinelet absent; Fig. 3F). It differs from Harttia gracilis Oyakawa, 1993 in that its lower and upper caudal rays are of same size (vs. upper ray slightly longer than the lower one). Harttia canastra can be distinguished from H. guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. loricariformis Steindachner, 1877, and H. uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 by the presence of the dorsal-fin spinelet and by the hypertrophy of odontodes in the lateral region of the head, close to the canal plate, and in the unbranched pectoral fin ray in adult males (vs. absence of the dorsal-fin spinelet and males without hypertrophied odontodes). Distinguished from Harttia depressa by body depth 40.0–66.7% and head depth 35.7–52.6% of HL (vs. extremely depressed body and head, respectively 27.0–33.3% and 31.2–35.7% of HL). It differs from H. merevari by having anterior region of head more rounded, darker coloration and adult males with hypertrophied odontodes (vs. anterior region of head more triangular, light or dark yellow with many spots and males without hypertrophied odontodes). Finally, in relation to the other species of the rio São Francisco basin, H. canastra is distinguished from H. longipinna by the absence of plates in the abdominal region between pectoral- and pelvic-fin girdles and by the equivalent anal-fin length both in males and females (respectively 11.7–18.2% and 11.7–18.7% of SL; vs. partially covered abdomen and anal-fin length longer in males than in females (respectively 20.0–25.0% and 13.9–16.1% of SL; Fig. 3B); from H. leiopleura and H. novalimensis for presenting preanal plates (vs. preanal plates absent; Figs. 3D,E); and from H. torrenticola by having two large preanal trapezoidal plates (vs. two to four circular minute preanal plates; Fig. 3F) and the dorsal-fin spinelet (vs. dorsal-fin spinelet absent).
Etymology. The name “canastra” refers to the Serra da Canastra, a mountain range located in the center-south of the state of Minas Gerais, which houses the headwaters of the rio São Francisco, where most of the specimens were collected. A noun in apposition.
Laís Caldas, Arieli Matheus Cherobim and Francisco Langeani. 2022. A New Species of Harttia from the rio São Francisco basin (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotrop. ichthyol. 20(4); DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0051
Resumo: O gênero Harttia pertence à subfamília Loricariinae e possui 27 espécies descritas, distribuídas nas drenagens do Escudo das Guianas, Amazônica e do sudeste brasileiro. A nova espécie distingue-se das congêneres pela combinação de: placa do canal presente; placas abdominais ausentes; placas pré-anais trapezóides; machos com odontódeos alongados e conspícuos no primeiro raio da nadadeira peitoral e na região lateral da cabeça, próximo a placa do canal; e spinelet da nadadeira dorsal presente. Apresenta-se uma chave de identificação para as espécies da bacia do rio São Francisco e a comparação com todas as demais espécies do gênero.
Palavras-chave: Cachoeiras; Chave de identificação; Escudo Cristalino Brasileiro; Planalto Brasileiro; Riachos
==========================
Harttia canastra
Caldas, Cherobim & Langeani, 2022
DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0051
Abstract
The genus Harttia belongs to the subfamily Loricariinae and has to date 27 described species, distributed in the drainages of Guiana Shield, Amazon and southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of: canal plate present; abdominal plates absent; trapezoid preanal plates; males with elongated and conspicuous odontodes on the first pectoral-fin ray and on the lateral region of the head, close to the canal plate; and dorsal-fin spinelet present. An identification key for the species of the rio São Francisco basin and a comparison between the new taxon and all other species of the genus are presented.
Keywords: Brazilian Crystalline Shield; Brazilian Plateau; Identification key; Streams; Waterfalls.
Harttia canastra, LIRP 651, male, holotype, 99.2 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio São Francisco, São Roque de Minas municipality, Fazenda Casca D’Anta.
A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.
Harttia canastra, DZSJRP 20172, female, paratype, 80.9 mm SL, São José do Barreiro, riacho Grande, road Vargem Bonita to São José do Barreiro, towards Cachoeira Casca D’Anta.
A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.
Harttia canastra, new species
Diagnosis. The naked abdomen between pectoral- and pelvic-fin girdles readily discriminates Harttia canastra from Harttia absaberi Oyakawa, Fichberg & Langeani, 2013, H. dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. fluminensis, H. fowleri (Pellegrin, 1908), H. longipinna, H. panara Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018, H. punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. rhombocephala, H. rondoni Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018, H. surinamensis Boeseman, 1971, H. trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. tuna, and H. villasboas Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018 (vs. abdomen partially or completely covered by plates; Figs. 3B,C). Harttia canastra can be distinguished from H. carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro, 1939, H. garavelloi Oyakawa, 1993, H. intermontana Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019, H. kronei Miranda Ribeiro, 1908, H. leiopleura, and H. novalimensis by having preanal plates (vs. preanal plates absent; Figs. 3A,D,E). Furthermore, Harttia canastra can be distinguished from H. torrenticola by having two to four large trapezoidal preanal plates and dorsal-fin spinelet present (vs. two to four circular preanal plates and dorsal-fin spinelet absent; Fig. 3F). It differs from Harttia gracilis Oyakawa, 1993 in that its lower and upper caudal rays are of same size (vs. upper ray slightly longer than the lower one). Harttia canastra can be distinguished from H. guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001, H. loricariformis Steindachner, 1877, and H. uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 by the presence of the dorsal-fin spinelet and by the hypertrophy of odontodes in the lateral region of the head, close to the canal plate, and in the unbranched pectoral fin ray in adult males (vs. absence of the dorsal-fin spinelet and males without hypertrophied odontodes). Distinguished from Harttia depressa by body depth 40.0–66.7% and head depth 35.7–52.6% of HL (vs. extremely depressed body and head, respectively 27.0–33.3% and 31.2–35.7% of HL). It differs from H. merevari by having anterior region of head more rounded, darker coloration and adult males with hypertrophied odontodes (vs. anterior region of head more triangular, light or dark yellow with many spots and males without hypertrophied odontodes). Finally, in relation to the other species of the rio São Francisco basin, H. canastra is distinguished from H. longipinna by the absence of plates in the abdominal region between pectoral- and pelvic-fin girdles and by the equivalent anal-fin length both in males and females (respectively 11.7–18.2% and 11.7–18.7% of SL; vs. partially covered abdomen and anal-fin length longer in males than in females (respectively 20.0–25.0% and 13.9–16.1% of SL; Fig. 3B); from H. leiopleura and H. novalimensis for presenting preanal plates (vs. preanal plates absent; Figs. 3D,E); and from H. torrenticola by having two large preanal trapezoidal plates (vs. two to four circular minute preanal plates; Fig. 3F) and the dorsal-fin spinelet (vs. dorsal-fin spinelet absent).
Etymology. The name “canastra” refers to the Serra da Canastra, a mountain range located in the center-south of the state of Minas Gerais, which houses the headwaters of the rio São Francisco, where most of the specimens were collected. A noun in apposition.
Laís Caldas, Arieli Matheus Cherobim and Francisco Langeani. 2022. A New Species of Harttia from the rio São Francisco basin (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotrop. ichthyol. 20(4); DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0051
Resumo: O gênero Harttia pertence à subfamília Loricariinae e possui 27 espécies descritas, distribuídas nas drenagens do Escudo das Guianas, Amazônica e do sudeste brasileiro. A nova espécie distingue-se das congêneres pela combinação de: placa do canal presente; placas abdominais ausentes; placas pré-anais trapezóides; machos com odontódeos alongados e conspícuos no primeiro raio da nadadeira peitoral e na região lateral da cabeça, próximo a placa do canal; e spinelet da nadadeira dorsal presente. Apresenta-se uma chave de identificação para as espécies da bacia do rio São Francisco e a comparação com todas as demais espécies do gênero.
Palavras-chave: Cachoeiras; Chave de identificação; Escudo Cristalino Brasileiro; Planalto Brasileiro; Riachos
==========================
Oxyurichthys omanensis • A New Eyebrow Goby (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) from Oman
Oxyurichthys omanensis
Zarei, Al Jufaili & Esmaeili, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.3
Abstract
Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov. is described as a new gobiid species from a mudflat/estuary habitat in northern Oman. The new species is diagnosed among all currently recognised congeners by the following combination of character states: elongate tentacle on dorsoposterior surface of the eye; nape with well-developed membranous crest; nape scaled to above anterior half of opercle along sides with naked median along membranous crest, scales never reaching to above preopercle; opercle and pectoral base naked; scales ctenoid laterally on trunk posterior to base of second dorsal fin 3rd element; lateral scale rows 51–58, usually 51–56; transverse forward scale rows 23–29, usually 24–28; transverse rearward scale rows 14–16, usually 14–15; upper lip usually constricted at premaxillary symphysis; infraorbital transverse papillae row 2 reaching eye margin dorsally and markedly short of longitudinal row d ventrally; additional short transverse papillae rows between rows 2 and 3i present; dark saddle present over caudal peduncle; snout length 34.9–45.4% HL; second dorsal-fin longest ray 1.1–1.6 head depth; pelvic fin always reaching or passing anal-fin origin. The K2P genetic distances (%) in the mtDNA COI barcode region between O. omanensis and the other Oxyurichthys species were all high (11.2–30.6%) with the K2P nearest neighbor distance of 11.2% to O. cornutus and O. ophthalmonema.
Keywords: Pisces, Endemic, Gobioidei, Gobionellinae, Systematics, DNA Barcoding, Oman Sea basin
Live specimens of Oxyurichthys omanensis collected from Yeti, northern Oman.
Upper) ZM-CBSU S105-1, 54.5 mm SL, male, paratype;
lower) ZM-CBSU S105-3, 61.9 mm SL, male, paratype.
Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov.
Fatah Zarei, Saud M. Al Jufaili and Hamid Reza Esmaeili. 2022. Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov., A New Eyebrow Goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Oman. Zootaxa. 5182(4);361-376. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.3
Oxyurichthys omanensis
Zarei, Al Jufaili & Esmaeili, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.3
Abstract
Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov. is described as a new gobiid species from a mudflat/estuary habitat in northern Oman. The new species is diagnosed among all currently recognised congeners by the following combination of character states: elongate tentacle on dorsoposterior surface of the eye; nape with well-developed membranous crest; nape scaled to above anterior half of opercle along sides with naked median along membranous crest, scales never reaching to above preopercle; opercle and pectoral base naked; scales ctenoid laterally on trunk posterior to base of second dorsal fin 3rd element; lateral scale rows 51–58, usually 51–56; transverse forward scale rows 23–29, usually 24–28; transverse rearward scale rows 14–16, usually 14–15; upper lip usually constricted at premaxillary symphysis; infraorbital transverse papillae row 2 reaching eye margin dorsally and markedly short of longitudinal row d ventrally; additional short transverse papillae rows between rows 2 and 3i present; dark saddle present over caudal peduncle; snout length 34.9–45.4% HL; second dorsal-fin longest ray 1.1–1.6 head depth; pelvic fin always reaching or passing anal-fin origin. The K2P genetic distances (%) in the mtDNA COI barcode region between O. omanensis and the other Oxyurichthys species were all high (11.2–30.6%) with the K2P nearest neighbor distance of 11.2% to O. cornutus and O. ophthalmonema.
Keywords: Pisces, Endemic, Gobioidei, Gobionellinae, Systematics, DNA Barcoding, Oman Sea basin
Live specimens of Oxyurichthys omanensis collected from Yeti, northern Oman.
Upper) ZM-CBSU S105-1, 54.5 mm SL, male, paratype;
lower) ZM-CBSU S105-3, 61.9 mm SL, male, paratype.
Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov.
Fatah Zarei, Saud M. Al Jufaili and Hamid Reza Esmaeili. 2022. Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov., A New Eyebrow Goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Oman. Zootaxa. 5182(4);361-376. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.3
An enigmatic interstitial trichomycterine catfish from south-eastern Brazil found at about 1000 km away from its sister group (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae
)Author links open overlay panelWilson J.E.M.CostaaWagner M.S.SampaiobPatríciaGiongobFrederico B.de AlmeidacValter M.Azevedo-SantosdAxel M.Katza
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.02.007Get rights and contentAbstractDuring recent field studies in the upper Rio Paraná basin, south-eastern Brazil, a small undescribed trichomycterine catfish with interstitial habits was found. The combination of morphological character states exhibited by this species did not allow placement to any genus from eastern South America. A multigene phylogeny here performed strongly supported the new taxon as sister to Scleronema. Due to the confusing generic classification of the Trichomycterinae, the new taxon is formally placed in a new subgenus of Scleronema (Plesioscleronema subgen. nov.), instead of in a new monotypic genus. The inclusion of the new taxon in Scleronema implicated in a review of generic diagnostic morphological characters. Two apomorphic character states were found to be useful to diagnose Scleronema in this broader sense: presence of a skin flap on the posterior margin of the opercle and a unique frontal bone morphology. Scleronema auromaculatum spec. nov. differs from other trichomycterines by a unique morphology of the area involving the postero-dorsal portion of the quadrate and the adjacent region of the hyomandibula, the uroneural separated by the dorsal hypural plate by an interspace, and a widened hemal spine of the preural centre 2. The about 1000 km gap between the area where the new species was collected and the nearest collecting site of its sister group is probably a consequence of both anthropic environmental degradation and the specialised interstitial habits in this fish group, making it difficult to be found in ichthyological inventories.
IntroductionNeotropical freshwater fishes have been a focus of continued studies since the 17th century as a consequence of the enormous diversity present in the group (Vari & Malabarba 1998). However, species of fishes adapted to live in unusual habitats have been discovered and described only after recent studies directed to sample these habitats. For example, numerous species with interstitial habits belonging to different South American families of teleost fishes were recently described (e.g. Costa & Katz 2021a). Interstitial habits are found among most lineages of trichomycterid catfishes (Schaefer et al., 2005; Costa et al., 2020a), including the Trichomycterinae, a subfamily with over 260 species (Costa 2021).
Trichomycterines occur in a large array of aquatic ecosystems of the Neotropical region, between Costa Rica in southern Central America and Argentinean Patagonia in southern South America (Costa et al., 2021a). Studies on trichomycterines have been highly constrained by the confusing generic classification of the subfamily and low samples of species endemic to western South America in broad phylogenetic studies (Ochoa et al., 2017 2020; Katz et al., 2018; Costa et al., 2021a, b; Fernández et al., 2021). An exception is a trichomycterine clade endemic to eastern South America, which have been more studied, with representative samples of all lineages included in phylogenetic studies and explicit generic classification proposals based on monophyly (Katz et al., 2018; Costa et al., 2020b 2021a, b; Donin et al., 2020; Costa & Katz 2021b). This clade comprises the genera Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018, Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917, and Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832 (hereafter CST-clade).
Three specimens of a small new trichomycterine species, 30.2–36.8 mm standard length (SL), not obviously referable to any trichomycterine genus known to occur in eastern South America, were collected during a recent field inventory (February–August 2021) in the Rio Paranaíba drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, south-eastern Brazil. These specimens had a prominent skin fold along the dorsal margin of the caudal peduncle that is only present in some species of Cambeva, Cambeva concolor (Costa 1992) and Cambeva variegata (Costa 1992) (Costa 1992), and in all species of Scleronema, suggesting that the new species belong to the clade comprising Cambeva and Scleronema (Katz et al., 2018). With a more detailed examination, it was possible to see the presence of a small skin flap on the posterior portion of the opercle that is diagnostic for Scleronema (Eigenmann 1917; Ferrer & Malabarba 2020), thus suggesting that the new species is closer to Scleronema than to Cambeva. However, the new taxon does not have several apomorphic conditions of the external morphology that occur in all species of Scleronema, such as the presence of a broad maxillary barbel base with a longitudinal skin fold, short barbels with the nasal barbel reaching the orbit or an area just posterior to it, and the first pectoral-fin ray shorter than adjacent rays without a terminal filament. In the new taxon, the basal part of the maxillary barbel is not widened and lacks a skin fold, the nasal barbel is long, nearly reaching the opercular patch of odontodes, and the first pectoral-fin ray is longer than the adjacent rays, terminating in a short filamentous tip (e.g. Arratia 1990; Ferrer & Malabarba 2020). After preparing specimens of the new species for osteological examination, it was clear that it also does not have the two synapomorphies proposed by Ferrer & Malabarba (2020) to diagnose Scleronema. In addition, the locality where the new species was found is about 1,000 km from the nearest locality recorded for Scleronema, in a highland region at about 970 m asl. Species of Scleronema occurs in a broad South American subtropical region comprising southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, always found in lowland rivers and streams (Ferrer & Malabarba 2020).
New collecting efforts to find additional specimens of the undescribed taxon in the same area were made on 3 November 2021. Even with intensive efforts for about 3 h, only five specimens 25.1–34.2 mm SL were found, all buried in gravel substrate. Field data thus indicated that this species is rare at its only known locality and that the species has interstitial habits. These additional specimens, including the first one fixed in alcohol for DNA studies, have allowed us to search for the phylogenetic relationships of this species. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are: to perform a multigene phylogenetic analysis to infer the phylogenetic position of the new enigmatic taxon among trichomycterines; to compare morphological features of the new taxon with other trichomycterines in order of to check additional morphological evidence supporting its phylogenetic positioning; and to provide a formal description for the new species.
)Author links open overlay panelWilson J.E.M.CostaaWagner M.S.SampaiobPatríciaGiongobFrederico B.de AlmeidacValter M.Azevedo-SantosdAxel M.Katza
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.02.007Get rights and contentAbstractDuring recent field studies in the upper Rio Paraná basin, south-eastern Brazil, a small undescribed trichomycterine catfish with interstitial habits was found. The combination of morphological character states exhibited by this species did not allow placement to any genus from eastern South America. A multigene phylogeny here performed strongly supported the new taxon as sister to Scleronema. Due to the confusing generic classification of the Trichomycterinae, the new taxon is formally placed in a new subgenus of Scleronema (Plesioscleronema subgen. nov.), instead of in a new monotypic genus. The inclusion of the new taxon in Scleronema implicated in a review of generic diagnostic morphological characters. Two apomorphic character states were found to be useful to diagnose Scleronema in this broader sense: presence of a skin flap on the posterior margin of the opercle and a unique frontal bone morphology. Scleronema auromaculatum spec. nov. differs from other trichomycterines by a unique morphology of the area involving the postero-dorsal portion of the quadrate and the adjacent region of the hyomandibula, the uroneural separated by the dorsal hypural plate by an interspace, and a widened hemal spine of the preural centre 2. The about 1000 km gap between the area where the new species was collected and the nearest collecting site of its sister group is probably a consequence of both anthropic environmental degradation and the specialised interstitial habits in this fish group, making it difficult to be found in ichthyological inventories.
IntroductionNeotropical freshwater fishes have been a focus of continued studies since the 17th century as a consequence of the enormous diversity present in the group (Vari & Malabarba 1998). However, species of fishes adapted to live in unusual habitats have been discovered and described only after recent studies directed to sample these habitats. For example, numerous species with interstitial habits belonging to different South American families of teleost fishes were recently described (e.g. Costa & Katz 2021a). Interstitial habits are found among most lineages of trichomycterid catfishes (Schaefer et al., 2005; Costa et al., 2020a), including the Trichomycterinae, a subfamily with over 260 species (Costa 2021).
Trichomycterines occur in a large array of aquatic ecosystems of the Neotropical region, between Costa Rica in southern Central America and Argentinean Patagonia in southern South America (Costa et al., 2021a). Studies on trichomycterines have been highly constrained by the confusing generic classification of the subfamily and low samples of species endemic to western South America in broad phylogenetic studies (Ochoa et al., 2017 2020; Katz et al., 2018; Costa et al., 2021a, b; Fernández et al., 2021). An exception is a trichomycterine clade endemic to eastern South America, which have been more studied, with representative samples of all lineages included in phylogenetic studies and explicit generic classification proposals based on monophyly (Katz et al., 2018; Costa et al., 2020b 2021a, b; Donin et al., 2020; Costa & Katz 2021b). This clade comprises the genera Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018, Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917, and Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832 (hereafter CST-clade).
Three specimens of a small new trichomycterine species, 30.2–36.8 mm standard length (SL), not obviously referable to any trichomycterine genus known to occur in eastern South America, were collected during a recent field inventory (February–August 2021) in the Rio Paranaíba drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, south-eastern Brazil. These specimens had a prominent skin fold along the dorsal margin of the caudal peduncle that is only present in some species of Cambeva, Cambeva concolor (Costa 1992) and Cambeva variegata (Costa 1992) (Costa 1992), and in all species of Scleronema, suggesting that the new species belong to the clade comprising Cambeva and Scleronema (Katz et al., 2018). With a more detailed examination, it was possible to see the presence of a small skin flap on the posterior portion of the opercle that is diagnostic for Scleronema (Eigenmann 1917; Ferrer & Malabarba 2020), thus suggesting that the new species is closer to Scleronema than to Cambeva. However, the new taxon does not have several apomorphic conditions of the external morphology that occur in all species of Scleronema, such as the presence of a broad maxillary barbel base with a longitudinal skin fold, short barbels with the nasal barbel reaching the orbit or an area just posterior to it, and the first pectoral-fin ray shorter than adjacent rays without a terminal filament. In the new taxon, the basal part of the maxillary barbel is not widened and lacks a skin fold, the nasal barbel is long, nearly reaching the opercular patch of odontodes, and the first pectoral-fin ray is longer than the adjacent rays, terminating in a short filamentous tip (e.g. Arratia 1990; Ferrer & Malabarba 2020). After preparing specimens of the new species for osteological examination, it was clear that it also does not have the two synapomorphies proposed by Ferrer & Malabarba (2020) to diagnose Scleronema. In addition, the locality where the new species was found is about 1,000 km from the nearest locality recorded for Scleronema, in a highland region at about 970 m asl. Species of Scleronema occurs in a broad South American subtropical region comprising southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, always found in lowland rivers and streams (Ferrer & Malabarba 2020).
New collecting efforts to find additional specimens of the undescribed taxon in the same area were made on 3 November 2021. Even with intensive efforts for about 3 h, only five specimens 25.1–34.2 mm SL were found, all buried in gravel substrate. Field data thus indicated that this species is rare at its only known locality and that the species has interstitial habits. These additional specimens, including the first one fixed in alcohol for DNA studies, have allowed us to search for the phylogenetic relationships of this species. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are: to perform a multigene phylogenetic analysis to infer the phylogenetic position of the new enigmatic taxon among trichomycterines; to compare morphological features of the new taxon with other trichomycterines in order of to check additional morphological evidence supporting its phylogenetic positioning; and to provide a formal description for the new species.
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Review of the spotted lizard loaches, Pseudohomaloptera (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) with a re-description of Pseudohomaloptera sexmaculata and description of a new species from Sumatra
Zachary S. Randall,Gabriel A. Somarriba,Sampan Tongnunui,Lawrence M. Page
First published: 23 October 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15255Zoobank links: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:70D61B77-C346-4D0B-BCE4-EBE049436824
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78C5F0EF-0525-494F-8A98-405157CCD81C
Funding information: Rules of Life, Grant/Award Number: NSF 1839915; Planetary Biodiversity Inventory, Grant/Award Number: DEB-0315963; oVert, Grant/Award Number: NSF DBI 1701714; NSF Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections, Grant/Award Numbers: DBI 1547229, EF 1115210
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SHAREAbstractA review of the six recognized species of Pseudohomaloptera is provided. Counts in the original description of Pseudohomaloptera sexmaculata Fowler (1934) were incorrect and led to confusion in identifying populations of Pseudohomaloptera in mainland Southeast Asia, and the species is re-described. The validity of Homaloptera septemmaculata Fowler (1934) is investigated and confirmed as a junior synonym of P. sexmaculata. P. sexmaculata and Pseudohomaloptera leonardi, similar morphologically and often misidentified, are widely distributed in mainland Southeast Asia, with P. sexmaculata in the Chao Phraya, Mae Klong and Pran Buri River basins, and P. leonardi in the Malay Peninsula and the Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins. Pseudohomaloptera yunnanensis and Pseudohomaloptera vulgaris have been reported from the Mekong basin of Thailand and Laos but appear to be restricted to Yunnan Province, China. A new species of Pseudohomaloptera is described from Sumatra. This is the southern-most species and first record for the genus from the Indonesian island. An identification key is provided for all species of the genus.
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Zachary S. Randall,Gabriel A. Somarriba,Sampan Tongnunui,Lawrence M. Page
First published: 23 October 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15255Zoobank links: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:70D61B77-C346-4D0B-BCE4-EBE049436824
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78C5F0EF-0525-494F-8A98-405157CCD81C
Funding information: Rules of Life, Grant/Award Number: NSF 1839915; Planetary Biodiversity Inventory, Grant/Award Number: DEB-0315963; oVert, Grant/Award Number: NSF DBI 1701714; NSF Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections, Grant/Award Numbers: DBI 1547229, EF 1115210
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SHAREAbstractA review of the six recognized species of Pseudohomaloptera is provided. Counts in the original description of Pseudohomaloptera sexmaculata Fowler (1934) were incorrect and led to confusion in identifying populations of Pseudohomaloptera in mainland Southeast Asia, and the species is re-described. The validity of Homaloptera septemmaculata Fowler (1934) is investigated and confirmed as a junior synonym of P. sexmaculata. P. sexmaculata and Pseudohomaloptera leonardi, similar morphologically and often misidentified, are widely distributed in mainland Southeast Asia, with P. sexmaculata in the Chao Phraya, Mae Klong and Pran Buri River basins, and P. leonardi in the Malay Peninsula and the Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins. Pseudohomaloptera yunnanensis and Pseudohomaloptera vulgaris have been reported from the Mekong basin of Thailand and Laos but appear to be restricted to Yunnan Province, China. A new species of Pseudohomaloptera is described from Sumatra. This is the southern-most species and first record for the genus from the Indonesian island. An identification key is provided for all species of the genus.
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A New Species of Silverside of the Genus Odontesthes (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) with Hypertrophic Lips from a High-Altitude Basin in Southern Brazil
| 04-ih-110-04-04_680..689.pdf |
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Sternopygus sabaji • A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield
Sternopygus sabaji
Torgersen & Albert, 2022
DOI: 10.1643/i2022013
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps
Abstract
Sternopygus sabaji, new species, is described from the Atlantic drainages of the Guiana Shield region of South America using traditional methods of morphometrics and meristics and microcomputed tomography (µCT) scans for osteological analysis. The new species is diagnosed from all other species of Sternopygus by the lack of dentition on the anteroventral surface of the endopterygoid and by the possession of a wider mouth. It further differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: reduced humeral spot with low-contrast and poorly defined margins, possession of a light-colored mid-lateral stripe along posterior portion of lateral line, possession of 1–3 dark saddle-like markings along dorsum of smaller individuals, and a relatively low precaudal vertebrae count. This work provides the first description of a species of Sternopygus that is endemic to the Guiana Shield, joining S. astrabes and S. macrurus in elevating the species richness of the clade in that region to three species and the total number of valid Sternopygus to ten species.
Sternopygus sabaji, holotype, ANSP 208090 (374 mm TL).
(A) Full body view; (B) closeup of head. Position of anus and urogenital papilla indicated by arrow.
Scale bar = 1 cm.
Paratype specimen of Sternopygus sabaji ANSP 189018 (146 mm TL).
(A) Specimen with live coloration, photo taken after collection in 2007.
(B) Same specimen with preserved coloration photographed in 2021.
Scale bar = 1 cm. Photo of specimen with live coloration by Mark Sabaj.
Sternopygus sabaji, new species
Etymology.--This species is named in honor of Dr. Mark Henry Sabaj, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, for his many contributions to the exploration and understanding of Neotropical aquatic diversity. The authors also acknowledge his role in collecting and photographing the specimens of the type series and his help to the authors in obtaining specimen loans for this study.
Distribution.— Sternopygus sabaji is known from the Marowijne (Maroni) and Essequibo drainage basins where it is found sympatrically with S. macrurus and possibly another undescribed member of the genus (Fig. 10).
Kevin T. Torgersen and James S. Albert. 2022. A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield. Ichthyology & Herpetology. 110(4), 714-727. DOI: 10.1643/i2022013
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps/status/1589645981225582592
Sternopygus sabaji
Torgersen & Albert, 2022
DOI: 10.1643/i2022013
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps
Abstract
Sternopygus sabaji, new species, is described from the Atlantic drainages of the Guiana Shield region of South America using traditional methods of morphometrics and meristics and microcomputed tomography (µCT) scans for osteological analysis. The new species is diagnosed from all other species of Sternopygus by the lack of dentition on the anteroventral surface of the endopterygoid and by the possession of a wider mouth. It further differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: reduced humeral spot with low-contrast and poorly defined margins, possession of a light-colored mid-lateral stripe along posterior portion of lateral line, possession of 1–3 dark saddle-like markings along dorsum of smaller individuals, and a relatively low precaudal vertebrae count. This work provides the first description of a species of Sternopygus that is endemic to the Guiana Shield, joining S. astrabes and S. macrurus in elevating the species richness of the clade in that region to three species and the total number of valid Sternopygus to ten species.
Sternopygus sabaji, holotype, ANSP 208090 (374 mm TL).
(A) Full body view; (B) closeup of head. Position of anus and urogenital papilla indicated by arrow.
Scale bar = 1 cm.
Paratype specimen of Sternopygus sabaji ANSP 189018 (146 mm TL).
(A) Specimen with live coloration, photo taken after collection in 2007.
(B) Same specimen with preserved coloration photographed in 2021.
Scale bar = 1 cm. Photo of specimen with live coloration by Mark Sabaj.
Sternopygus sabaji, new species
Etymology.--This species is named in honor of Dr. Mark Henry Sabaj, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, for his many contributions to the exploration and understanding of Neotropical aquatic diversity. The authors also acknowledge his role in collecting and photographing the specimens of the type series and his help to the authors in obtaining specimen loans for this study.
Distribution.— Sternopygus sabaji is known from the Marowijne (Maroni) and Essequibo drainage basins where it is found sympatrically with S. macrurus and possibly another undescribed member of the genus (Fig. 10).
Kevin T. Torgersen and James S. Albert. 2022. A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield. Ichthyology & Herpetology. 110(4), 714-727. DOI: 10.1643/i2022013
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps/status/1589645981225582592
==========================
Pangasius icaria • A New Pangasius (Valenciennes, 1840) Species (Siluriformes: Pangasiidae), from the Cauvery River extends Distribution Range of the Genus up to South Western Ghats in peninsular India
Pangasius icaria
Ayyathurai, Kodeeswaran, Mohindra, Singh, Ravi, Kumar, Valaparambil, Thangappan, Jena & Lal, 2022
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14258
Abstract
A new species of the genus Pangasius, is described based on 17 specimens collected from the Cauvery River, India. It can be distinguished from its sister species from South and Southeast Asia, by its widely placed, small and rounded vomerine and palatine tooth plates, longer maxillary and mandibular barbels, greater vertebrae count 50 (vs. 44–48), and smaller caudal peduncle depth (6.5–8.2% SL vs. 9.89–13.09% SL). The tooth plates of the new species closely resembles that of Pangasius macronema but can be clearly distinguished from the latter by having lesser gill rakers (16–19 vs. 36–45); a smaller eye (2.4–4.4% SL vs. 5.2–9.6% SL); and larger adipose-fin base (1.5–2.9% SL vs. 0.1–1.2% SL). The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene sequence of the new species shows the genetic divergence of 3.5% and 5.1% from P. pangasius and P. silasi respectively, the two sister species found in South Asia and India. The species delimitation approaches, Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) and assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) clearly resolved that the P. icaria is distinct from its sister species. Phylogenetic position of the species with its sister species was evaluated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis. The discovery of this previously unknown species of genus Pangasius from the Cauvery River of peninsular India indicates important biogeographical insight that this genus migrated till the southern division of Western Ghats.
Pangasius icaria, holotype, NBFGR/ PANPTAM, 211.6 mm SL.
(A) Lateral; (B) dorsal; (C) ventral views
Tamil Nadu, Salem district, Mettur Dam, Cauvery River.
Pangasius icaria, sp. nov.
Diagnosis. Pangasius icaria differs from all the sister species of south Asia by by the following combination of characters: a set of widely placed, small and rounded vomerine and palatine tooth plates, moderately rounded snout on dorsally viewed, maxillary barbel reaching beyond the base of the pectoral spine, eye diameter 2.4–4.4% SL, smaller-interorbital distance 10.1–12.4% SL, caudal peduncle depth 6.5–8.2% SL, filamentous first dorsal- and pectoral-fin ray, gill rakers 16–19, 50 vertebrae and a reddish dorsal-, anal- and pectoral-fin base.
Habitat and distribution. Presently known only from Cauvery River basin collected from two locations, at Mettur Dam, and in the upstream of Shivanasamudra Falls, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka. The species was collected using a gill net at a depth of 5–15 m during the discharge of water from the main dam (Fig. 6).
Etymology. The species is named after the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and used its abbreviated form. ICAR is the parent organization for NBFGR, which has conducted this research.
Conclusions:
A new species of the genus Pangasius is described that was collected from the Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India. This new discovery of P. icaria clearly highlights the native presence of genus Pangasius in peninsular India and is represented by two recorded divergent species. Future research and explorations are needed to ascertain the distributional range of this endemic species for devising conservation and management of the species and also to evaluate for its aquaculture utilization potential.
Kathirvelpandian P.V. Ayyathurai, Paramasivam Kodeeswaran, Vindhya Mohindra, Rajeev K. Singh, Charan Ravi, Rahul Kumar, BasheerSaidmuhammed Valaparambil, Ajith Kumar Thipramalai Thangappan, Joykrushna Jena and Kuldeep K. Lal. 2022. Description of A New Pangasius (Valenciennes, 1840) Species, from the Cauvery River extends Distribution Range of the Genus up to South Western Ghats in peninsular India. PeerJ. 10:e14258. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14258
==========================
Pangasius icaria
Ayyathurai, Kodeeswaran, Mohindra, Singh, Ravi, Kumar, Valaparambil, Thangappan, Jena & Lal, 2022
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14258
Abstract
A new species of the genus Pangasius, is described based on 17 specimens collected from the Cauvery River, India. It can be distinguished from its sister species from South and Southeast Asia, by its widely placed, small and rounded vomerine and palatine tooth plates, longer maxillary and mandibular barbels, greater vertebrae count 50 (vs. 44–48), and smaller caudal peduncle depth (6.5–8.2% SL vs. 9.89–13.09% SL). The tooth plates of the new species closely resembles that of Pangasius macronema but can be clearly distinguished from the latter by having lesser gill rakers (16–19 vs. 36–45); a smaller eye (2.4–4.4% SL vs. 5.2–9.6% SL); and larger adipose-fin base (1.5–2.9% SL vs. 0.1–1.2% SL). The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene sequence of the new species shows the genetic divergence of 3.5% and 5.1% from P. pangasius and P. silasi respectively, the two sister species found in South Asia and India. The species delimitation approaches, Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) and assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) clearly resolved that the P. icaria is distinct from its sister species. Phylogenetic position of the species with its sister species was evaluated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis. The discovery of this previously unknown species of genus Pangasius from the Cauvery River of peninsular India indicates important biogeographical insight that this genus migrated till the southern division of Western Ghats.
Pangasius icaria, holotype, NBFGR/ PANPTAM, 211.6 mm SL.
(A) Lateral; (B) dorsal; (C) ventral views
Tamil Nadu, Salem district, Mettur Dam, Cauvery River.
Pangasius icaria, sp. nov.
Diagnosis. Pangasius icaria differs from all the sister species of south Asia by by the following combination of characters: a set of widely placed, small and rounded vomerine and palatine tooth plates, moderately rounded snout on dorsally viewed, maxillary barbel reaching beyond the base of the pectoral spine, eye diameter 2.4–4.4% SL, smaller-interorbital distance 10.1–12.4% SL, caudal peduncle depth 6.5–8.2% SL, filamentous first dorsal- and pectoral-fin ray, gill rakers 16–19, 50 vertebrae and a reddish dorsal-, anal- and pectoral-fin base.
Habitat and distribution. Presently known only from Cauvery River basin collected from two locations, at Mettur Dam, and in the upstream of Shivanasamudra Falls, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka. The species was collected using a gill net at a depth of 5–15 m during the discharge of water from the main dam (Fig. 6).
Etymology. The species is named after the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and used its abbreviated form. ICAR is the parent organization for NBFGR, which has conducted this research.
Conclusions:
A new species of the genus Pangasius is described that was collected from the Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India. This new discovery of P. icaria clearly highlights the native presence of genus Pangasius in peninsular India and is represented by two recorded divergent species. Future research and explorations are needed to ascertain the distributional range of this endemic species for devising conservation and management of the species and also to evaluate for its aquaculture utilization potential.
Kathirvelpandian P.V. Ayyathurai, Paramasivam Kodeeswaran, Vindhya Mohindra, Rajeev K. Singh, Charan Ravi, Rahul Kumar, BasheerSaidmuhammed Valaparambil, Ajith Kumar Thipramalai Thangappan, Joykrushna Jena and Kuldeep K. Lal. 2022. Description of A New Pangasius (Valenciennes, 1840) Species, from the Cauvery River extends Distribution Range of the Genus up to South Western Ghats in peninsular India. PeerJ. 10:e14258. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14258
==========================
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus • A New Species of Deep-water Grouper (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) from the west coast of Australia
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus
Moore, Wakefield, DiBattista & Newman, 2022.
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15231
twitter.com/WestOzFish
Abstract
A new species of deep-water epinephelid fish is described from the west coast of Australia based on 14 specimens, 99–595 mm standard length. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus sp. nov. is endemic to Western Australia from Barrow Island to Two Peoples Bay in depths of 76–470 m. It has a series of eight grey bands alternating with eight brown bands along the body and the soft dorsal, soft anal and caudal fin margins are pale cream to white. It is distinguished from its nearest congener, H. ergastularius, by the presence of a star-like pattern of radiating lines on the head versus an overall brownish colour in the latter as well as significant differences in the quantitative analyses of 25 morphological characters. The two species have allopatric distributions on either side of the Australian continent. H. griseofasciatus is distinguished from H. octofasciatus by several grey bands being distinctly narrower than other grey bands (vs. all grey bands subequal in the latter) and the presence of broad white margins on the dorsal, caudal and anal fins (vs. narrow or absent in the latter). Some scale counts appear to also differ. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences revealed reciprocally monophyletic clades with fixed differences and genetic distances typical of recently diverged species of fishes.
Keywords: barcod, eightbar, Epinephelus, ergastularius, greyband, octofasciatus, septemfasciatus
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus sp. nov.
Holotype WAM P.34486-001. 321 mm SL.
Two Peoples Bay canyon, WA, Australia, fresh.
twitter.com/WestOzFish
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus new species
New standard common name: Greybanded Grouper.
DIAGNOSIS: A species of Hyporthodus with dorsal-fin rays XI, 14; anal-fin rays III, 9; pectoral-fin rays 18–19; caudal-fin rounded (smaller specimens) to truncate (larger specimens); lateral-scale series 101–126; gill rakers 8–9+14–15 = 23–24; transverse scale rows below lateral line 24–36; circum-peduncular scales 39–51; H. griseofasciatus can be distinguished from H. octofasciatus by a body with seven broad equal-width dark-brown bands alternating with grey bands (may be faint) of unequal widths (equal widths in the latter), and from H. ergastularius by a head with five to eight dark-brown bands with grey interspaces appearing as a star radiating from the eye (overall brown in the latter); caudal, dorsal and anal fins often with a defined white margin.
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name griseofasciatus is derived from the Latin griseo (grey) and fasciata (band). Adjective, masculine. This reflects the unique vernacular name most frequently applied to this species by anglers in Western Australia, ‘greyband’, in reference to the grey colour of the pale bands. Although this descriptor is not diagnostic for the new species (most Hyporthodus species have grey bands), we have followed the naming guidelines of Yearsley et al. (2006), which clearly states that ‘historical names in regular use or widely accepted names’ and ‘a regional name where the species is most commonly encountered/caught’ have priority. The presence of multiple grey bands dictates the use of ‘greybanded’ rather than ‘greyband’ (Yearsley et al., 2006). The preference for ‘grouper’ rather than ‘cod’ as the common group name for Epinephelidae is consistent with Rees et al. (2018) and follows the group name guidelines of Yearsley et al. (2006).
Glenn I. Moore, Corey B. Wakefield, Joseph D. DiBattista and Stephen J. Newman. 2022. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), A New Species of Deep-water Grouper from the west coast of Australia. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15231
twitter.com/WestOzFish/status/1590881447103328256
==========================
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus
Moore, Wakefield, DiBattista & Newman, 2022.
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15231
twitter.com/WestOzFish
Abstract
A new species of deep-water epinephelid fish is described from the west coast of Australia based on 14 specimens, 99–595 mm standard length. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus sp. nov. is endemic to Western Australia from Barrow Island to Two Peoples Bay in depths of 76–470 m. It has a series of eight grey bands alternating with eight brown bands along the body and the soft dorsal, soft anal and caudal fin margins are pale cream to white. It is distinguished from its nearest congener, H. ergastularius, by the presence of a star-like pattern of radiating lines on the head versus an overall brownish colour in the latter as well as significant differences in the quantitative analyses of 25 morphological characters. The two species have allopatric distributions on either side of the Australian continent. H. griseofasciatus is distinguished from H. octofasciatus by several grey bands being distinctly narrower than other grey bands (vs. all grey bands subequal in the latter) and the presence of broad white margins on the dorsal, caudal and anal fins (vs. narrow or absent in the latter). Some scale counts appear to also differ. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences revealed reciprocally monophyletic clades with fixed differences and genetic distances typical of recently diverged species of fishes.
Keywords: barcod, eightbar, Epinephelus, ergastularius, greyband, octofasciatus, septemfasciatus
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus sp. nov.
Holotype WAM P.34486-001. 321 mm SL.
Two Peoples Bay canyon, WA, Australia, fresh.
twitter.com/WestOzFish
Hyporthodus griseofasciatus new species
New standard common name: Greybanded Grouper.
DIAGNOSIS: A species of Hyporthodus with dorsal-fin rays XI, 14; anal-fin rays III, 9; pectoral-fin rays 18–19; caudal-fin rounded (smaller specimens) to truncate (larger specimens); lateral-scale series 101–126; gill rakers 8–9+14–15 = 23–24; transverse scale rows below lateral line 24–36; circum-peduncular scales 39–51; H. griseofasciatus can be distinguished from H. octofasciatus by a body with seven broad equal-width dark-brown bands alternating with grey bands (may be faint) of unequal widths (equal widths in the latter), and from H. ergastularius by a head with five to eight dark-brown bands with grey interspaces appearing as a star radiating from the eye (overall brown in the latter); caudal, dorsal and anal fins often with a defined white margin.
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name griseofasciatus is derived from the Latin griseo (grey) and fasciata (band). Adjective, masculine. This reflects the unique vernacular name most frequently applied to this species by anglers in Western Australia, ‘greyband’, in reference to the grey colour of the pale bands. Although this descriptor is not diagnostic for the new species (most Hyporthodus species have grey bands), we have followed the naming guidelines of Yearsley et al. (2006), which clearly states that ‘historical names in regular use or widely accepted names’ and ‘a regional name where the species is most commonly encountered/caught’ have priority. The presence of multiple grey bands dictates the use of ‘greybanded’ rather than ‘greyband’ (Yearsley et al., 2006). The preference for ‘grouper’ rather than ‘cod’ as the common group name for Epinephelidae is consistent with Rees et al. (2018) and follows the group name guidelines of Yearsley et al. (2006).
Glenn I. Moore, Corey B. Wakefield, Joseph D. DiBattista and Stephen J. Newman. 2022. Hyporthodus griseofasciatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), A New Species of Deep-water Grouper from the west coast of Australia. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15231
twitter.com/WestOzFish/status/1590881447103328256
==========================
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 - A new species of the genus #𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 (Siluriformes: #Sisoridae) from #ArunachalPradesh, India. #TorrentCatfish #Sisorid #Catfishes PDF (ResearchGate) - https://bit.ly/3O5wAOD
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A taxonomic review of the vampire catfish genus Paracanthopoma Giltay, 1935 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of nine new species and a revised diagnosis of the genusAuthors
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- Mário de PinnaUniversidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-4816
- Fernando Cesar Paiva DagostaUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais. Dourados, MS, Brasil.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-296X
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4 November 2022
A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield
Kevin T. Torgersen, James S. Albert
Author Affiliations +
Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110(4):714-727 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2022013
AbstractSternopygus sabaji, new species, is described from the Atlantic drainages of the Guiana Shield region of South America using traditional methods of morphometrics and meristics and microcomputed tomography (µCT) scans for osteological analysis. The new species is diagnosed from all other species of Sternopygus by the lack of dentition on the anteroventral surface of the endopterygoid and by the possession of a wider mouth. It further differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: reduced humeral spot with low-contrast and poorly defined margins, possession of a light-colored mid-lateral stripe along posterior portion of lateral line, possession of 1–3 dark saddle-like markings along dorsum of smaller individuals, and a relatively low precaudal vertebrae count. This work provides the first description of a species of Sternopygus that is endemic to the Guiana Shield, joining S. astrabes and S. macrurus in elevating the species richness of the clade in that region to three species and the total number of valid Sternopygus to ten species.
© 2022 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Citation Download Citation
Kevin T. Torgersen and James S. Albert "A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield," Ichthyology & Herpetology 110(4), 714-727, (4 November 2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2022013
Received: 21 January 2022; Accepted: 9 July 2022; Published: 4 November 2022
A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield
Kevin T. Torgersen, James S. Albert
Author Affiliations +
Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110(4):714-727 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2022013
AbstractSternopygus sabaji, new species, is described from the Atlantic drainages of the Guiana Shield region of South America using traditional methods of morphometrics and meristics and microcomputed tomography (µCT) scans for osteological analysis. The new species is diagnosed from all other species of Sternopygus by the lack of dentition on the anteroventral surface of the endopterygoid and by the possession of a wider mouth. It further differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: reduced humeral spot with low-contrast and poorly defined margins, possession of a light-colored mid-lateral stripe along posterior portion of lateral line, possession of 1–3 dark saddle-like markings along dorsum of smaller individuals, and a relatively low precaudal vertebrae count. This work provides the first description of a species of Sternopygus that is endemic to the Guiana Shield, joining S. astrabes and S. macrurus in elevating the species richness of the clade in that region to three species and the total number of valid Sternopygus to ten species.
© 2022 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Citation Download Citation
Kevin T. Torgersen and James S. Albert "A New Species of Sternopygus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Atlantic Coast of the Guiana Shield," Ichthyology & Herpetology 110(4), 714-727, (4 November 2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2022013
Received: 21 January 2022; Accepted: 9 July 2022; Published: 4 November 2022
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the cichlid genus Hemichromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes, Cichlidae), with description of a new genus and revalidation of H. angolensi
AbstractThe tribe Hemichromini is an early diverging, mainly Central and West African lineage within the species-rich African cichlid fishes (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) including two genera, Hemichromis Peters 1858 and the monotypic Anomalochromis Greenwood 1985. Though many of the species are popular aquarium fish, the number of hemichromine species is still a matter of debate with their phylogenetic relationships largely unknown. Based on DNA sequence data of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, we present the first comprehensive phylogeny of the Hemichromini. Using an integrative approach based on these DNA sequences data, morphometrics, meristics, and a qualitative assessment of body coloration, we revise the genus Hemichromis and discuss intrageneric relationships. Two major groups within the genus Hemichromis that diverged roughly 6–12 MYA are recognized, of which the first one represents Hemichromis sensu stricto, for the second one a new genus, Rubricatochromis, is described. Diversification with these two main groups started about 3–6 MYA, with different trajectories of colonization in the two groups. Hemichromis populations from the most southern (Cuanza, Zambezi, and Okavango) part of the genus’ distribution range constitute a well-supported clade distinct from all other members of Hemichromis, for which the taxon H. angolensis Steindachner, 1865 is confirmed.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
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AbstractThe tribe Hemichromini is an early diverging, mainly Central and West African lineage within the species-rich African cichlid fishes (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) including two genera, Hemichromis Peters 1858 and the monotypic Anomalochromis Greenwood 1985. Though many of the species are popular aquarium fish, the number of hemichromine species is still a matter of debate with their phylogenetic relationships largely unknown. Based on DNA sequence data of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, we present the first comprehensive phylogeny of the Hemichromini. Using an integrative approach based on these DNA sequences data, morphometrics, meristics, and a qualitative assessment of body coloration, we revise the genus Hemichromis and discuss intrageneric relationships. Two major groups within the genus Hemichromis that diverged roughly 6–12 MYA are recognized, of which the first one represents Hemichromis sensu stricto, for the second one a new genus, Rubricatochromis, is described. Diversification with these two main groups started about 3–6 MYA, with different trajectories of colonization in the two groups. Hemichromis populations from the most southern (Cuanza, Zambezi, and Okavango) part of the genus’ distribution range constitute a well-supported clade distinct from all other members of Hemichromis, for which the taxon H. angolensis Steindachner, 1865 is confirmed.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
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- ADVANCES IN CICHLID RESEARCH V
- Published: 27 October 2022
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Taxonomic investigation of the zooplanktivorous Lake Malawi cichlids Copadichromis mloto (Iles) and C. virginalis (Iles)Hydrobiologia (2022)Cite this article
IntroductionThe Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlids represent the most species-rich vertebrate adaptive radiation known, comprising around 800 species (Konings, 2016) rapidly evolved from a common ancestor in a single lake (Malinsky et al., 2018; Svardal et al., 2020), and as such they represent a particularly difficult taxonomic challenge (Snoeks, 2004). The utaka are a group of zooplankton feeding cichlids that are both ecologically significant and commercially important as a food fish (Turner, 1996). Most utaka species are currently assigned to the genus Copadichromis, characterised by their relatively small, highly protrusible mouths and numerous long gill rakers (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Konings, 2016). They are generally silvery, countershaded and carry several dark spots on their flanks, although this is obscured in the reproductively active males that are conspicuously dark blue or black (Konings, 2016). A few species, known as ‘pure utaka’ lack flank spots entirely (Iles, 1960). The status of these has been confused for over 60 years, since the descriptions of Copadichromis mloto (Iles, 1960) and Copadichromis virginalis (Iles, 1960), both described from material collected at Nkhata Bay in the middle of the western shore of the lake. The former species was distinguished from the latter by its more slender build, but all other morphometric traits and all meristic counts overlapped (Iles, 1960). Whilst the original descriptions presented information on male breeding characteristics (often a key feature for discriminating closely related cichlid species) for C. virginalis, none were given for C. mloto which all appeared to be spent or reproductively inactive individuals. In the intervening years, no breeding adults of C. mloto were positively identified in collections, although Konings (2016) illustrated specimens proposed to be C. mloto that resemble those commonly assigned to C. virginalis in commercial trawl catches (Turner, 1996), but which had been assigned as C. mloto in earlier publications (e.g. Axelrod & Burgess, 1986). Further confusing matters, Iles’s original description of C. virginalis discussed two distinct sympatric forms which he recorded local fishermen referring to as ‘Kaduna’ (including the holotype) and ‘Kajose’ (included in the type series). Subsequent authors (e.g. Turner, 1996; Konings, 2016) suggested that these may be different species—a possibility tentatively discussed by Iles. In the course of a wider investigation of the Lake Malawi cichlid fauna, we were able to obtain a large number of specimens of ‘pure utaka’ from a number of locations in 2016–2017, which we used to investigate the status of C. mloto and C. virginalis using a phylogeny constructed from whole-genome sequences, coupled with geometric morphometric comparisons with Iles’ type material.
Methods and materialsThis study was based on the type material of Haplochromis mloto and H. virginalis examined and photographed in the Natural History Museum in London, along with 54 specimens collected from various locations around Lake Malawi in 2016–2017. The types of H. virginalis were classified by Iles into Kaduna and Kajose forms: these were separately catalogued: the holotype is a female Kaduna morph. During our examinations, external morphology suggested that two of the specimens were misclassified (perhaps through a mix-up by a later researcher), with the 88.3 mm SL individual in jar labelled as Kaduna looking more like a Kajose and the 96.5 mm SL Kajose looking more like a Kaduna. We used the re-classified identities in our analyses.
The freshly collected specimens were purchased from fishermen, and if not already dead, euthanised with anaesthetic overdose (clove oil); the right pectoral fin was cut off and placed in a vial of pure ethanol; the specimen pinned, labelled and photographed before being preserved in formalin after rigor mortis had set in, before being washed and preserved in ethanol. Morphometric analysis was based on digital analysis of the field photographs, along with photographs taken of the type material. Previous studies had examined meristics and morphological character states and did not find any diagnostic differences between the species (Iles, 1960; Eccles & Trewavas, 1989). Iles (1960) suggested that C. mloto had smaller teeth than similar species, but this was not supported by preliminary investigations—across species, large adult males were found to have strong simple teeth and whilst smaller fish had relatively smaller teeth, generally bicuspid in the outer row and tricuspid in the inner rows. This was not investigated further.
For geometric morphometric (GM) analysis, tpsUTIL (Rohlf, 2004) was used to build a file from scaled photographs, co-ordinates were recorded by tpsDig2 ver 2 (Rohlf, 2015) using the landmark tool, and provided with scale factors. We selected 15 homologous landmarks on the full specimen (Fig. 1). A CVS file containing the x and y coordinates of the landmarks for each specimen was then created and imported into MorphoJ (Klingenberg, 2011). Before Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was run on the geometric morphometric data, a generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA) was applied on the landmark data, to mathematically remove non-shape variation (Bookstein, 1989; Rohlf & Slice, 1990; Parés-Casanova et al., 2020). This was intended to eliminate morphological variation resulting from the size, position or orientation of the specimens. Then, a covariance matrix was generated from the resulting Procrustes shape coordinates and lastly the PCA was carried out. The resulting PC scores and centroid sizes were then imported into IBM SPSS Statistics 27, and One-Way Analysis of Variance used to test for group differences amongst component scores and centroid sizes (CS: a measure of overall body size) amongst the following 5 groups: types of H. mloto, types of H. virginalis (Kaduna), types of H. virginalis Kajose, sequenced C. mloto and sequenced C. virginalis. Post hoc tests (Tukey) were used to identify significant differences amongst groups, after simultaneous Bonferroni correction. Correlations between CS and PC scores were also calculated to aid interpretation.
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IntroductionThe Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlids represent the most species-rich vertebrate adaptive radiation known, comprising around 800 species (Konings, 2016) rapidly evolved from a common ancestor in a single lake (Malinsky et al., 2018; Svardal et al., 2020), and as such they represent a particularly difficult taxonomic challenge (Snoeks, 2004). The utaka are a group of zooplankton feeding cichlids that are both ecologically significant and commercially important as a food fish (Turner, 1996). Most utaka species are currently assigned to the genus Copadichromis, characterised by their relatively small, highly protrusible mouths and numerous long gill rakers (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Konings, 2016). They are generally silvery, countershaded and carry several dark spots on their flanks, although this is obscured in the reproductively active males that are conspicuously dark blue or black (Konings, 2016). A few species, known as ‘pure utaka’ lack flank spots entirely (Iles, 1960). The status of these has been confused for over 60 years, since the descriptions of Copadichromis mloto (Iles, 1960) and Copadichromis virginalis (Iles, 1960), both described from material collected at Nkhata Bay in the middle of the western shore of the lake. The former species was distinguished from the latter by its more slender build, but all other morphometric traits and all meristic counts overlapped (Iles, 1960). Whilst the original descriptions presented information on male breeding characteristics (often a key feature for discriminating closely related cichlid species) for C. virginalis, none were given for C. mloto which all appeared to be spent or reproductively inactive individuals. In the intervening years, no breeding adults of C. mloto were positively identified in collections, although Konings (2016) illustrated specimens proposed to be C. mloto that resemble those commonly assigned to C. virginalis in commercial trawl catches (Turner, 1996), but which had been assigned as C. mloto in earlier publications (e.g. Axelrod & Burgess, 1986). Further confusing matters, Iles’s original description of C. virginalis discussed two distinct sympatric forms which he recorded local fishermen referring to as ‘Kaduna’ (including the holotype) and ‘Kajose’ (included in the type series). Subsequent authors (e.g. Turner, 1996; Konings, 2016) suggested that these may be different species—a possibility tentatively discussed by Iles. In the course of a wider investigation of the Lake Malawi cichlid fauna, we were able to obtain a large number of specimens of ‘pure utaka’ from a number of locations in 2016–2017, which we used to investigate the status of C. mloto and C. virginalis using a phylogeny constructed from whole-genome sequences, coupled with geometric morphometric comparisons with Iles’ type material.
Methods and materialsThis study was based on the type material of Haplochromis mloto and H. virginalis examined and photographed in the Natural History Museum in London, along with 54 specimens collected from various locations around Lake Malawi in 2016–2017. The types of H. virginalis were classified by Iles into Kaduna and Kajose forms: these were separately catalogued: the holotype is a female Kaduna morph. During our examinations, external morphology suggested that two of the specimens were misclassified (perhaps through a mix-up by a later researcher), with the 88.3 mm SL individual in jar labelled as Kaduna looking more like a Kajose and the 96.5 mm SL Kajose looking more like a Kaduna. We used the re-classified identities in our analyses.
The freshly collected specimens were purchased from fishermen, and if not already dead, euthanised with anaesthetic overdose (clove oil); the right pectoral fin was cut off and placed in a vial of pure ethanol; the specimen pinned, labelled and photographed before being preserved in formalin after rigor mortis had set in, before being washed and preserved in ethanol. Morphometric analysis was based on digital analysis of the field photographs, along with photographs taken of the type material. Previous studies had examined meristics and morphological character states and did not find any diagnostic differences between the species (Iles, 1960; Eccles & Trewavas, 1989). Iles (1960) suggested that C. mloto had smaller teeth than similar species, but this was not supported by preliminary investigations—across species, large adult males were found to have strong simple teeth and whilst smaller fish had relatively smaller teeth, generally bicuspid in the outer row and tricuspid in the inner rows. This was not investigated further.
For geometric morphometric (GM) analysis, tpsUTIL (Rohlf, 2004) was used to build a file from scaled photographs, co-ordinates were recorded by tpsDig2 ver 2 (Rohlf, 2015) using the landmark tool, and provided with scale factors. We selected 15 homologous landmarks on the full specimen (Fig. 1). A CVS file containing the x and y coordinates of the landmarks for each specimen was then created and imported into MorphoJ (Klingenberg, 2011). Before Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was run on the geometric morphometric data, a generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA) was applied on the landmark data, to mathematically remove non-shape variation (Bookstein, 1989; Rohlf & Slice, 1990; Parés-Casanova et al., 2020). This was intended to eliminate morphological variation resulting from the size, position or orientation of the specimens. Then, a covariance matrix was generated from the resulting Procrustes shape coordinates and lastly the PCA was carried out. The resulting PC scores and centroid sizes were then imported into IBM SPSS Statistics 27, and One-Way Analysis of Variance used to test for group differences amongst component scores and centroid sizes (CS: a measure of overall body size) amongst the following 5 groups: types of H. mloto, types of H. virginalis (Kaduna), types of H. virginalis Kajose, sequenced C. mloto and sequenced C. virginalis. Post hoc tests (Tukey) were used to identify significant differences amongst groups, after simultaneous Bonferroni correction. Correlations between CS and PC scores were also calculated to aid interpretation.
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A new species of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from the Madeira River basin, with a discussion of historical biogeography of western Amazonas and Paraguay River basinsAlejandro Londoño-Burbano,Marcelo R. Britto
First published: 18 October 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15251This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15251.
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SHAREAbstractA new loricariin species of Sturisoma is described from the Cautário, Guaporé, Mamoré, Machado and Soteiro rivers, Madeira River basin, in Bolivia and Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a middorsal longitudinal, thin dark brown stripe on caudal peduncle, extending from two or three plates posterior to dorsal-fin base, reaching origin of caudal fin, or one or two plates anterior to origin o caudal fin; small squarish anteriormost abdominal plates; and a middorsal longitudinal dark brown stripe from first pre-dorsal plate, to near the dorsal-fin origin. Furthermore, the new species is diagnosed from congeners by plate morphology, counts on the median series, coalescent plates, and ventrolateral thoracic plates, in addition to measurements related to body and head structures. An analysis of genetic distances using COI marker of the mitochondrial genome between the new species and several congeners is presented; in addition to a likelihood analysis to illustrate the position of the new taxon within Sturisoma. An identification key for species of the genus currently recorded at the upper Amazonas River basin is offered.
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𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑖𝑥𝑒, a new species of Oto catfish from the rio Pardo basin, Bahia State, Brazil is described in The Journal of Fish Biology.
This new species differs from the majority of other 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 by the presence of a rudimentary adipose fin.
Paywall - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.15235
𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲
A new species of 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Pardo basin, Bahia State, Brazil, with comments on sexually dimorphic traits of the nares and olfactory lamellae
𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
Junior, D.E.S. and Zanata, A.M. (2022), A new species of 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Pardo basin, Bahia State, Brazil, with comments on sexually dimorphic traits of the nares and olfactory lamellae. J Fish Biol. Accepted Author Manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15235
𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁
A new species of 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 is described from lower rio Pardo basin, Bahia, Brazil.
The new species differs from the majority of its congeners by the presence of a rudimentary or vestigial adipose fin, restricted to 1–3 small unpaired plates on the typical location of the fin. The new species differs from congeners that lack a well-developed adipose fin, and also from various other congeners, by a series of features including the absence of unicuspid accessory teeth and abdomen completely covered by plates similar in size.
Additionally, mature males of the new species possess hypertrophied and higher number of olfactory lamellae, when compared to similar sized or even larger females. Hypertrophied and higher number of olfactory lamellae in males is shared with the congeners from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion examined to the feature.
𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆
The specific name derives from the word 'pukuixê', from the Pataxoha language used by the native Pataxo Indigenous tribe. The Pataxo tribe historically occupies the south and extreme south coastal areas of Bahia State. Pukuixê means 'the first' and is used herein in allusion to the species being the first of the genus having the rio Pardo as its type locality. A noun in apposition.
𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑖𝑥𝑒 sp. nov., holotype. MZUSP 126858, 36.4 mm LS, female, Brazil, Bahia State, Camacan, Fazenda Tupinambá, rio Braço do Sul, tributary of rio Panelao, rio Pardo basin, 18 Out 2013, A. M. Zanata, T. Ramos, L. Oliveira & T. Duar
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This new species differs from the majority of other 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 by the presence of a rudimentary adipose fin.
Paywall - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.15235
𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲
A new species of 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Pardo basin, Bahia State, Brazil, with comments on sexually dimorphic traits of the nares and olfactory lamellae
𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
Junior, D.E.S. and Zanata, A.M. (2022), A new species of 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Pardo basin, Bahia State, Brazil, with comments on sexually dimorphic traits of the nares and olfactory lamellae. J Fish Biol. Accepted Author Manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15235
𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁
A new species of 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 is described from lower rio Pardo basin, Bahia, Brazil.
The new species differs from the majority of its congeners by the presence of a rudimentary or vestigial adipose fin, restricted to 1–3 small unpaired plates on the typical location of the fin. The new species differs from congeners that lack a well-developed adipose fin, and also from various other congeners, by a series of features including the absence of unicuspid accessory teeth and abdomen completely covered by plates similar in size.
Additionally, mature males of the new species possess hypertrophied and higher number of olfactory lamellae, when compared to similar sized or even larger females. Hypertrophied and higher number of olfactory lamellae in males is shared with the congeners from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion examined to the feature.
𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆
The specific name derives from the word 'pukuixê', from the Pataxoha language used by the native Pataxo Indigenous tribe. The Pataxo tribe historically occupies the south and extreme south coastal areas of Bahia State. Pukuixê means 'the first' and is used herein in allusion to the species being the first of the genus having the rio Pardo as its type locality. A noun in apposition.
𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑖𝑥𝑒 sp. nov., holotype. MZUSP 126858, 36.4 mm LS, female, Brazil, Bahia State, Camacan, Fazenda Tupinambá, rio Braço do Sul, tributary of rio Panelao, rio Pardo basin, 18 Out 2013, A. M. Zanata, T. Ramos, L. Oliveira & T. Duar
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Garra rezai • A New Species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Two widely disjunct Areas in the Tigris Drainage
Garra rezai
Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.5.2
twitter.com/jorg_freyhof
Abstract
Garra rezai, new species, is described from the Chooman, a tributary of the Lesser Zab in Iran, and from headwaters of the Yanarsu, a tributary of the upper Tigris in Turkey. It is distinguished from its congeners in the Garra variabilis species group by having two pairs of barbels, a well-developed mental disc, 35–40 total scales along the lateral line, 15–19 scales along the predorsal midline, and 15–18 circumpeduncular scales. It is further characterised by having ten diagnostic nucleotide substitutions and the K2P genetic distances with the closest species i.e. G. klatti, G. kemali and G. variabilis as 11.9, 12.0, and 13.7%, respectively in the mtDNA COI barcode region.
Keywords: Pisces, Freshwater fish, Taxonomy, Cytochrome oxidase I, Middle East.
Garra rezai, new species
Hamed Mousavi-Sabet, Soheil Eagderi, Maryam Saemi-Komsari, Cüneyt Kaya and Jörg Freyhof. 2022. Garra rezai, A New Species from Two Widely Disjunct Areas in the Tigris Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa. 5195(5); 419-436. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.5.2
twitter.com/jorg_freyhof/status/1580811828913111040
Researchgate.net/publication/364327436_Garra_rezai_a_new_species_from_the_Tigris_drainage
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Garra rezai
Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.5.2
twitter.com/jorg_freyhof
Abstract
Garra rezai, new species, is described from the Chooman, a tributary of the Lesser Zab in Iran, and from headwaters of the Yanarsu, a tributary of the upper Tigris in Turkey. It is distinguished from its congeners in the Garra variabilis species group by having two pairs of barbels, a well-developed mental disc, 35–40 total scales along the lateral line, 15–19 scales along the predorsal midline, and 15–18 circumpeduncular scales. It is further characterised by having ten diagnostic nucleotide substitutions and the K2P genetic distances with the closest species i.e. G. klatti, G. kemali and G. variabilis as 11.9, 12.0, and 13.7%, respectively in the mtDNA COI barcode region.
Keywords: Pisces, Freshwater fish, Taxonomy, Cytochrome oxidase I, Middle East.
Garra rezai, new species
Hamed Mousavi-Sabet, Soheil Eagderi, Maryam Saemi-Komsari, Cüneyt Kaya and Jörg Freyhof. 2022. Garra rezai, A New Species from Two Widely Disjunct Areas in the Tigris Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa. 5195(5); 419-436. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.5.2
twitter.com/jorg_freyhof/status/1580811828913111040
Researchgate.net/publication/364327436_Garra_rezai_a_new_species_from_the_Tigris_drainage
==========================
Tujiaaspis vividus • Galeaspid Anatomy and the Origin of Vertebrate Paired Appendages
Tujiaaspis vividus
Gai, Li, Ferrón, Keating, Wang, Donoghue & Zhu, 2022
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04897-6
Abstract
Paired fins are a major innovation that evolved in the jawed vertebrate lineage after divergence from living jawless vertebrates. Extinct jawless armoured stem gnathostomes show a diversity of paired body-wall extensions, ranging from skeletal processes to simple flaps. By contrast, osteostracans (a sister group to jawed vertebrates) are interpreted to have the first true paired appendages in a pectoral position, with pelvic appendages evolving later in association with jaws. Here we show, on the basis of articulated remains of Tujiaaspis vividus from the Silurian period of China, that galeaspids (a sister group to both osteostracans and jawed vertebrates) possessed three unpaired dorsal fins, an approximately symmetrical hypochordal tail and a pair of continuous, branchial-to-caudal ventrolateral fins. The ventrolateral fins are similar to paired fin flaps in other stem gnathostomes, and specifically to the ventrolateral ridges of cephalaspid osteostracans that also possess differentiated pectoral fins. The ventrolateral fins are compatible with aspects of the fin-fold hypothesis for the origin of vertebrate paired appendages. Galeaspids have a precursor condition to osteostracans and jawed vertebrates in which paired fins arose initially as continuous pectoral–pelvic lateral fins that our computed fluid-dynamics experiments show passively generated lift. Only later in the stem lineage to osteostracans and jawed vertebrates did pectoral fins differentiate anteriorly. This later differentiation was followed by restriction of the remaining field of fin competence to a pelvic position, facilitating active propulsion and steering.
Systematic palaeontology
Class Galeaspida Tarlo, 1967
Order Eugaleaspidiformes Liu, 1980
Tujiaaspis vividus gen. et sp. nov.
Etymology. The genus name tujia, Pinyin for the Tujia people, a minority ethnic group in China, in reference to the two fossil sites located in Xiangxi Tujia, Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, and Xiushan Tujia, Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing Municipality; aspis (Gr.), shield; and species name vividus (L.), spirited, full of life.
Holotype. A nearly complete fish accessioned as Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) V26668 (Fig. 1).
Zhikun Gai, Qiang Li, Humberto G. Ferrón, Joseph N. Keating, Junqing Wang, Philip C. J. Donoghue and Min Zhu. 2022. Galeaspid Anatomy and the Origin of Vertebrate Paired Appendages. Nature. 609, 959–963. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04897-6
bristol.ac.uk/biology/news/2022/dead-fish-breathes-new-life-into-the-evolutionary-origin-of-fins-and-limbs.html
==========================
Tujiaaspis vividus
Gai, Li, Ferrón, Keating, Wang, Donoghue & Zhu, 2022
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04897-6
Abstract
Paired fins are a major innovation that evolved in the jawed vertebrate lineage after divergence from living jawless vertebrates. Extinct jawless armoured stem gnathostomes show a diversity of paired body-wall extensions, ranging from skeletal processes to simple flaps. By contrast, osteostracans (a sister group to jawed vertebrates) are interpreted to have the first true paired appendages in a pectoral position, with pelvic appendages evolving later in association with jaws. Here we show, on the basis of articulated remains of Tujiaaspis vividus from the Silurian period of China, that galeaspids (a sister group to both osteostracans and jawed vertebrates) possessed three unpaired dorsal fins, an approximately symmetrical hypochordal tail and a pair of continuous, branchial-to-caudal ventrolateral fins. The ventrolateral fins are similar to paired fin flaps in other stem gnathostomes, and specifically to the ventrolateral ridges of cephalaspid osteostracans that also possess differentiated pectoral fins. The ventrolateral fins are compatible with aspects of the fin-fold hypothesis for the origin of vertebrate paired appendages. Galeaspids have a precursor condition to osteostracans and jawed vertebrates in which paired fins arose initially as continuous pectoral–pelvic lateral fins that our computed fluid-dynamics experiments show passively generated lift. Only later in the stem lineage to osteostracans and jawed vertebrates did pectoral fins differentiate anteriorly. This later differentiation was followed by restriction of the remaining field of fin competence to a pelvic position, facilitating active propulsion and steering.
Systematic palaeontology
Class Galeaspida Tarlo, 1967
Order Eugaleaspidiformes Liu, 1980
Tujiaaspis vividus gen. et sp. nov.
Etymology. The genus name tujia, Pinyin for the Tujia people, a minority ethnic group in China, in reference to the two fossil sites located in Xiangxi Tujia, Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, and Xiushan Tujia, Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing Municipality; aspis (Gr.), shield; and species name vividus (L.), spirited, full of life.
Holotype. A nearly complete fish accessioned as Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) V26668 (Fig. 1).
Zhikun Gai, Qiang Li, Humberto G. Ferrón, Joseph N. Keating, Junqing Wang, Philip C. J. Donoghue and Min Zhu. 2022. Galeaspid Anatomy and the Origin of Vertebrate Paired Appendages. Nature. 609, 959–963. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04897-6
bristol.ac.uk/biology/news/2022/dead-fish-breathes-new-life-into-the-evolutionary-origin-of-fins-and-limbs.html
==========================
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0040
Taxonomy of the armored catfish genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) revisited, with the description of a new species Aspidoras aldebaram
Luiz Fernando Caserta TencattMarcelo R. BrittoIsaäc Jan Hendrik Isbrücker
Carla Simone PavanelliABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractAspidoras comprises 25 species currently considered as valid, being widely distributed in Brazil, occurring from the upper rio Paraná basin in São Paulo to coastal basins of Ceará. After Nijssen, Isbrücker’s review more than 40 years ago, no extensive work regarding the taxonomy of Aspidoras was conducted. Our paper presents a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus, based primarily on the extensive material that has been collected since then. Considering the new diagnosis plus the available phylogenetic data, A. pauciradiatus and A. virgulatus are transferred to Corydoras and Scleromystax, respectively. New synonymies are proposed: A. eurycephalus and A. taurus with A. albater; A. menezesi and A. spilotus with A. raimundi; and A. microgalaeus and A. marianae with A. poecilus. Additionally, a new species from the Araguaia and Paraguay river basins is described, which can be distinguished from its congeners by the morphology of its complex vertebra and infraorbital 1. Thereby, the number of valid species within Aspidoras was reduced from 25 to 18. Redescriptions for A. albater, A. belenos, A. depinnai, A. fuscoguttatus, A. lakoi, A. maculosus, A. poecilus, A. psammatides, A. raimundi, and A. velites are provided. An identification key to the species of Aspidoras is also provided.
Keywords:
Aspidoradini; Corydoradinae; Identification key; Osteology; Taxonomy
INTRODUCTIONThe Callichthyidae armoured catfishes can be promptly distinguished from all other Siluriformes by the presence of two longitudinal series of dermal plates on flanks (Reis, 2003). The family currently consists of around 200 valid species distributed in eight genera (Reis, 2003; Fricke et al., 2021). Aspidoras, its second largest genus, was described by Ihering, (1907) as a monotypic genus harboring the then newly described species, A. rochai. According to Ihering (1907:30) the genus is recognized by the presence of the following unique combination of features: (I) two pairs of dorsolateral body plates between the parieto-supraoccipital and dorsal-fin base; (II) parieto-supraoccipital nearly hexagonal, with poorly developed posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital; (III) head conspicuously deep, not depressed, rounded anteriorly and slightly laterally compressed; (IV) scapulocoracoid entirely covered by skin on ventral portion of the body; (V) barbels short, not reaching anteroventral limit of gill opening.
Gosline (1940), in his revisionary study of the Callichthyidae, proposed a new diagnosis for Aspidoras based on the presence of the following combination of features: (I) head compressed; (II) lower lip reverted, forming a single pair of barbels, besides the outer mental barbel; (III) outer mental barbel reaching region of anteroventral limit of gill opening; (IV) eye slightly elevated; (V) first infraorbital naked (likely meaning exposed); (VI) fontanel small, roundish, its size nearly equal to half of the bony orbit diameter; (VII) posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital short and broad; (VIII) dorsolateral body plates touching their counterparts between the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital and nuchal plate; (IX) region of pectoral girdle entirely covered by skin; (X) dorsal fin I,7, its base slightly shorter than distance between dorsal and adipose fins; and (XI) caudal fin forked (Gosline, 1940:10). Although 33 years had passed between the description of the genus and Gosline’s work, Aspidoras was still considered monotypic by the author. The description of the second species within the genus, Aspidoras lakoiMiranda Ribeiro, 1949, was published 42 years after Ihering’s work (1907). The designation of a lectotype for A. rochai came 62 years after its description (Britski, 1969:206).
Nijssen, Isbrücker (1976) presented the first comprehensive taxonomic review of Aspidoras, recognizing a total of 13 species. In addition to A. rochai and A. lakoi, nine species were then described, viz., A. albater, A. brunneus, A. carvalhoi, A. eurycephalus, A. fuscoguttatus, A. maculosus, A. menezesi, A. poecilus, and A. spilotus, and two species species previously assigned to Corydoras Lacepède, 1803, C. raimundiSteindachner, 1907 and C. pauciradiatusWeitzman, Nijssen, 1970, were transferred to Aspidoras. The authors also provided a new diagnosis for the genus (see Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1976:109), distinguishing Aspidoras from the other genera of Callichthyidae by the presence of two cranial fontanels, the posterior one in the parieto-supraoccipital and the anterior one between frontals (vs. a single fontanel).
Subsequent to Nijssen, Isbrücker’s (1980a) description of Aspidoras virgulatus, the taxonomy of the group was neglected for almost 20 years, until Britto, (1998) proposed two new species: A. belenos, from the rio Araguaia basin, and A. microgalaeus, from the rio Xingu basin. The descriptions showed a great improvement over the previous works, furnishing external morphology data plus osteological data, which were used in the diagnosis of both new species. The diagnosis of A. belenos was the first to include the morphology of an infraorbital bone, which has proven to be extremely useful for the recognition of species within Corydoradinae (e.g., Tencatt et al., 2013; Tencatt et al., 2014; Britto et al., 2016; Tencatt, Britto, 2016; Ohara et al., 2016; Tencatt et al., 2019). After Britto’s (1998) work, six species have been subsequently described in the last two decades, raising the total number of valid species of the genus to 25: A. depinnaiBritto, 2000, A. taurus Lima & Britto, 2001, A. velites Britto, Lima & Moreira, 2002, A. psammatides Britto, Lima & Santos, 2005, A. gabrieli Wosiacki, Pereira & Reis, 2014, A. marianae Leão, Britto & Wosiacki, 2015, A. kiriri Oliveira, Zanata, Tencatt & Britto, 2017, A. mephisto Tencatt & Bichuette, 2017, and A. azaghal Tencatt, Muriel-Cunha, Zuanon, Ferreira & Britto, 2020.
The phylogenetic relationships within Aspidoras are poorly known. Reis, (1998) provided the first phylogenetic information about Aspidoras, finding it monophyletic and as the sister group of a clade composed by Corydoras and Brochis Cope, 1871. The author also provided a diagnosis for the genus (Reis, 1998:161), which consisted in three features: (I) presence of fontanel on parieto-supraoccipital, (II) reduced ossified portion of pectoral- and dorsal-fin spines, and (III) absence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital. Britto, (2003), in his morphological phylogenetic analysis of the Corydoradinae, corroborated the monophyly of Aspidoras and proposed a new diagnosis for the genus based on the following synapomorphies: (I) posterior portion of mesethmoid wide, (II) frontal fontanel reduced, (III) supraoccipital fontanel present, (IV) opercle compact, and (V) ossified portion of pectoral spine strongly reduced, less than half the length of the first branched pectoral-fin ray. Additionally, Britto, (2003) noted that Aspidoras generally presents relatively smaller eyes in relation to the other Corydoradinae and, except for A. belenos, absence of contact between the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital and the nuchal plate.
Shimabukuro-Dias et al., (2004) published a phylogenetic study of the Callichthyidae based mainly on molecular data, but also combining their data with the morphological data provided by Reis, (1998). Their results showed Aspidoras species grouped into a paraphyletic clade including Scleromystax macropterus (Regan, 1913) in three of the six consensus trees. In contrast, the maximum-parsimony trees generated by weighing morphological data five times the molecular data, in which Aspidoras species formed a monophyletic clade sister to S. macropterus (same result found in one of the two maximum-likelihood consensus trees), and by weighing morphological data ten times the molecular data, grouping Aspidoras species in a monophyletic clade sister to the remaining Corydoradinae. The most recent phylogenetic hypothesis including Aspidoras was presented by Alexandrou et al., (2011). In their study, the genus was paraphyletic, with A. pauciradiatus within lineage 5, the ‘Corydoras elegans group’ clade (for further comments about this group see Tencatt, Pavanelli, 2015), and not lineage 2, the Aspidoras clade. The paraphyly of Aspidoras was also found in the unpublished phylogenetic hypothesis presented by Vera-Alcaraz, (2013), in which A. virgulatus appeared within the Scleromystax clade. However, despite the numerous attempts to diagnose the genus (Ihering, 1907; Gosline, 1940; Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1976; Reis, 1998; Britto, 2003; Vera-Alcaraz, 2013), the clear recognition of Aspidoras remains dubious and needs further investigation (Weitzman, Balph, 1979).
Considering that the diagnosis of Aspidoras remains unclear, and the unique available taxonomic review of the genus was published over 40 years ago (Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1976), based mainly on old and badly preserved specimens, in addition to the relatively large number of species described subsequent to that work, a new comprehensive taxonomic revision is necessary. After gathering an extensive material from many localities, it was possible to clearly delimit Aspidoras, validate most of its nominal species, and propose a new one, which is described herein. A new diagnosis for Aspidoras is proposed, as well as the reallocation of A. pauciradiatus to Corydoras and the transfer of A. virgulatus to Scleromystax. We also provide resdescriptions for A. albater, A. belenos, A. depinnai, A. fuscoguttatus, A. lakoi, A. maculosus, A. poecilus, A. psammatides, A. raimundi, and A. velites, along with an identification key to the species of Aspidoras (except for A. carvalhoi).
==========================
Taxonomy of the armored catfish genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) revisited, with the description of a new species Aspidoras aldebaram
Luiz Fernando Caserta TencattMarcelo R. BrittoIsaäc Jan Hendrik Isbrücker
Carla Simone PavanelliABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractAspidoras comprises 25 species currently considered as valid, being widely distributed in Brazil, occurring from the upper rio Paraná basin in São Paulo to coastal basins of Ceará. After Nijssen, Isbrücker’s review more than 40 years ago, no extensive work regarding the taxonomy of Aspidoras was conducted. Our paper presents a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus, based primarily on the extensive material that has been collected since then. Considering the new diagnosis plus the available phylogenetic data, A. pauciradiatus and A. virgulatus are transferred to Corydoras and Scleromystax, respectively. New synonymies are proposed: A. eurycephalus and A. taurus with A. albater; A. menezesi and A. spilotus with A. raimundi; and A. microgalaeus and A. marianae with A. poecilus. Additionally, a new species from the Araguaia and Paraguay river basins is described, which can be distinguished from its congeners by the morphology of its complex vertebra and infraorbital 1. Thereby, the number of valid species within Aspidoras was reduced from 25 to 18. Redescriptions for A. albater, A. belenos, A. depinnai, A. fuscoguttatus, A. lakoi, A. maculosus, A. poecilus, A. psammatides, A. raimundi, and A. velites are provided. An identification key to the species of Aspidoras is also provided.
Keywords:
Aspidoradini; Corydoradinae; Identification key; Osteology; Taxonomy
INTRODUCTIONThe Callichthyidae armoured catfishes can be promptly distinguished from all other Siluriformes by the presence of two longitudinal series of dermal plates on flanks (Reis, 2003). The family currently consists of around 200 valid species distributed in eight genera (Reis, 2003; Fricke et al., 2021). Aspidoras, its second largest genus, was described by Ihering, (1907) as a monotypic genus harboring the then newly described species, A. rochai. According to Ihering (1907:30) the genus is recognized by the presence of the following unique combination of features: (I) two pairs of dorsolateral body plates between the parieto-supraoccipital and dorsal-fin base; (II) parieto-supraoccipital nearly hexagonal, with poorly developed posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital; (III) head conspicuously deep, not depressed, rounded anteriorly and slightly laterally compressed; (IV) scapulocoracoid entirely covered by skin on ventral portion of the body; (V) barbels short, not reaching anteroventral limit of gill opening.
Gosline (1940), in his revisionary study of the Callichthyidae, proposed a new diagnosis for Aspidoras based on the presence of the following combination of features: (I) head compressed; (II) lower lip reverted, forming a single pair of barbels, besides the outer mental barbel; (III) outer mental barbel reaching region of anteroventral limit of gill opening; (IV) eye slightly elevated; (V) first infraorbital naked (likely meaning exposed); (VI) fontanel small, roundish, its size nearly equal to half of the bony orbit diameter; (VII) posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital short and broad; (VIII) dorsolateral body plates touching their counterparts between the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital and nuchal plate; (IX) region of pectoral girdle entirely covered by skin; (X) dorsal fin I,7, its base slightly shorter than distance between dorsal and adipose fins; and (XI) caudal fin forked (Gosline, 1940:10). Although 33 years had passed between the description of the genus and Gosline’s work, Aspidoras was still considered monotypic by the author. The description of the second species within the genus, Aspidoras lakoiMiranda Ribeiro, 1949, was published 42 years after Ihering’s work (1907). The designation of a lectotype for A. rochai came 62 years after its description (Britski, 1969:206).
Nijssen, Isbrücker (1976) presented the first comprehensive taxonomic review of Aspidoras, recognizing a total of 13 species. In addition to A. rochai and A. lakoi, nine species were then described, viz., A. albater, A. brunneus, A. carvalhoi, A. eurycephalus, A. fuscoguttatus, A. maculosus, A. menezesi, A. poecilus, and A. spilotus, and two species species previously assigned to Corydoras Lacepède, 1803, C. raimundiSteindachner, 1907 and C. pauciradiatusWeitzman, Nijssen, 1970, were transferred to Aspidoras. The authors also provided a new diagnosis for the genus (see Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1976:109), distinguishing Aspidoras from the other genera of Callichthyidae by the presence of two cranial fontanels, the posterior one in the parieto-supraoccipital and the anterior one between frontals (vs. a single fontanel).
Subsequent to Nijssen, Isbrücker’s (1980a) description of Aspidoras virgulatus, the taxonomy of the group was neglected for almost 20 years, until Britto, (1998) proposed two new species: A. belenos, from the rio Araguaia basin, and A. microgalaeus, from the rio Xingu basin. The descriptions showed a great improvement over the previous works, furnishing external morphology data plus osteological data, which were used in the diagnosis of both new species. The diagnosis of A. belenos was the first to include the morphology of an infraorbital bone, which has proven to be extremely useful for the recognition of species within Corydoradinae (e.g., Tencatt et al., 2013; Tencatt et al., 2014; Britto et al., 2016; Tencatt, Britto, 2016; Ohara et al., 2016; Tencatt et al., 2019). After Britto’s (1998) work, six species have been subsequently described in the last two decades, raising the total number of valid species of the genus to 25: A. depinnaiBritto, 2000, A. taurus Lima & Britto, 2001, A. velites Britto, Lima & Moreira, 2002, A. psammatides Britto, Lima & Santos, 2005, A. gabrieli Wosiacki, Pereira & Reis, 2014, A. marianae Leão, Britto & Wosiacki, 2015, A. kiriri Oliveira, Zanata, Tencatt & Britto, 2017, A. mephisto Tencatt & Bichuette, 2017, and A. azaghal Tencatt, Muriel-Cunha, Zuanon, Ferreira & Britto, 2020.
The phylogenetic relationships within Aspidoras are poorly known. Reis, (1998) provided the first phylogenetic information about Aspidoras, finding it monophyletic and as the sister group of a clade composed by Corydoras and Brochis Cope, 1871. The author also provided a diagnosis for the genus (Reis, 1998:161), which consisted in three features: (I) presence of fontanel on parieto-supraoccipital, (II) reduced ossified portion of pectoral- and dorsal-fin spines, and (III) absence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital. Britto, (2003), in his morphological phylogenetic analysis of the Corydoradinae, corroborated the monophyly of Aspidoras and proposed a new diagnosis for the genus based on the following synapomorphies: (I) posterior portion of mesethmoid wide, (II) frontal fontanel reduced, (III) supraoccipital fontanel present, (IV) opercle compact, and (V) ossified portion of pectoral spine strongly reduced, less than half the length of the first branched pectoral-fin ray. Additionally, Britto, (2003) noted that Aspidoras generally presents relatively smaller eyes in relation to the other Corydoradinae and, except for A. belenos, absence of contact between the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital and the nuchal plate.
Shimabukuro-Dias et al., (2004) published a phylogenetic study of the Callichthyidae based mainly on molecular data, but also combining their data with the morphological data provided by Reis, (1998). Their results showed Aspidoras species grouped into a paraphyletic clade including Scleromystax macropterus (Regan, 1913) in three of the six consensus trees. In contrast, the maximum-parsimony trees generated by weighing morphological data five times the molecular data, in which Aspidoras species formed a monophyletic clade sister to S. macropterus (same result found in one of the two maximum-likelihood consensus trees), and by weighing morphological data ten times the molecular data, grouping Aspidoras species in a monophyletic clade sister to the remaining Corydoradinae. The most recent phylogenetic hypothesis including Aspidoras was presented by Alexandrou et al., (2011). In their study, the genus was paraphyletic, with A. pauciradiatus within lineage 5, the ‘Corydoras elegans group’ clade (for further comments about this group see Tencatt, Pavanelli, 2015), and not lineage 2, the Aspidoras clade. The paraphyly of Aspidoras was also found in the unpublished phylogenetic hypothesis presented by Vera-Alcaraz, (2013), in which A. virgulatus appeared within the Scleromystax clade. However, despite the numerous attempts to diagnose the genus (Ihering, 1907; Gosline, 1940; Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1976; Reis, 1998; Britto, 2003; Vera-Alcaraz, 2013), the clear recognition of Aspidoras remains dubious and needs further investigation (Weitzman, Balph, 1979).
Considering that the diagnosis of Aspidoras remains unclear, and the unique available taxonomic review of the genus was published over 40 years ago (Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1976), based mainly on old and badly preserved specimens, in addition to the relatively large number of species described subsequent to that work, a new comprehensive taxonomic revision is necessary. After gathering an extensive material from many localities, it was possible to clearly delimit Aspidoras, validate most of its nominal species, and propose a new one, which is described herein. A new diagnosis for Aspidoras is proposed, as well as the reallocation of A. pauciradiatus to Corydoras and the transfer of A. virgulatus to Scleromystax. We also provide resdescriptions for A. albater, A. belenos, A. depinnai, A. fuscoguttatus, A. lakoi, A. maculosus, A. poecilus, A. psammatides, A. raimundi, and A. velites, along with an identification key to the species of Aspidoras (except for A. carvalhoi).
==========================
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0049 COPYA new dwarf armored catfish Pareiorhaphis (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Uruguai River basin, Southern BrazilEdson H. L. PereiraRoberto E. ReisABOUT THE AUTHORSAbstractA new, very distinctive species of Pareiorhaphis is described from the rio Uruguai basin, in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Pareiorhaphis pumila, new species, is a small bodied hypoptopomatine catfish with a maximum standard length barely reaching 50 mm. The specimens were captured from rock-bottomed habitats in various localities in the rio Ijuí basin. Despite occurring in rock-bottomed fast-flowing headwater stream tributaries as the other species of Pareiorhaphis, this is the first species collected also in the main channel of the middle stretch of a large tributary to the rio Uruguai. The new species is promptly diagnosed from all its congeners by the reduced number of anal-fin branched rays, possession of well-developed dorsal-fin spinelet, comparatively lower number of plates in median lateral series, and low number of teeth in each dentary. In addition, osteological features related to the caudal skeleton are also useful to distinguish the new species from most congeners.
Keywords:
Biodiversity; Cascudo; Neotropical; New species; Taxonomy
INTRODUCTIONPareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 currently has 27 species distributed in coastal drainages of southern and eastern Brazil from the rio Maquiné in the Rio Grande do Sul State to the rio Paraguaçu in Bahia State, with additional species in the west-bound, headwaters of the Uruguai, Iguaçu, upper Paraná, and São Francisco rivers. The history of the genus Pareiorhaphis in the rio Uruguai basin begins with the description of Hemipsilichthys vestigipinnis Pereira & Reis, 1992, from a creek tributary to the rio Caveiras at the town of Painel, Santa Catarina State. Ten years later, H. eurycephalus Pereira & Reis, 2002 and H. hystrix Pereira & Reis, 2002 were also described from the upper Uruguai, the former from a creek tributary to the rio Canoas, near the Corvo Branco Range, Urubici, Santa Catarina State, and the later with a wider distribution in the middle and upper Uruguai, in both Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. The genus Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 was later restricted to a few species by Pereira, (2005) and the species above were transferred to Pareiorhaphis. The genus was subsequently redefined by Pereira et al., (2007) and is currently diagnosed by one exclusive synapomorphy, the cheek canal plate firmly articulated to the preopercle, and several non-exclusive synapomophies related to ornamentation associated with secondary sexual dimorphism (Pereira, Reis, 2017).
Despite being aware of additional diversity in the Uruguai basin, after 2002 we concentrated efforts in discovering and reporting unknown species of Pareiorhaphis from coastal basins in eastern and southeastern Brazil. Extensive fieldwork in the rio Uruguai basin during the past two decades revealed additional specimens of those undescribed forms, allowing us to focus on the rio Uruguai again. The new species we describe here is a highly distinctive, dwarf Pareiorhaphis with a maximum standard length barely reaching 50 mm. The specimens were captured from fast flowing creeks in rock-bottomed habitats along the rio Ijuí basin, a tributary to the middle rio Uruguai.
MATERIAL AND METHODSCounts and measurements were taken according to Pereira et al., (2007). Procurrent caudal-fin rays and vertebrae were counted in three cleared and counterstained specimens (c&s) prepared according to Taylor, Van Dyke, (1985) procedure. Vertebral counts include five centra in the Weberian Apparatus and the fused ural + preural centra, which was counted as one element according to Lundberg, Baskin, (1969). Nomenclature and counts for body plates follow Schaefer, (1997). Morphometric features were obtained with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm and were made from point to point under a stereomicroscope. Standard length (SL) is expressed in millimeters while other measurements are given as percent of standard length or head length (HL). In the list of type material, museum abbreviation and catalog number come first, followed by the number and SL range of specimens in that lot, indication of preparation type (alc for specimens preserved in 70% ethanol, and tis for tissue samples preserved in 99% ethanol at -20°C), the number and SL range of specimens measured for the morphometric comparisons in parentheses, locality, date of collection, and collectors. Seven lots attributable to the new species were considered non-paratypes yet were mapped to compose the species distribution.
Conservation status of the new species was evaluated according to the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2022). The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) was calculated by the minimum convex polygon drawn around the micro-basins with species records, using Hydrosheds 8 level.
Comparative material of Pareiorhaphis species is listed in Pereira et al., (2012), with the addition of Pareiorhaphis lophia Pereira & Zanata, 2014, P. proskynita Pereira & Britto, 2012, P. garapia Pereira, Lehmann, Schvambach & Reis, 2015, P. vetula Pereira, Lehmann & Reis, 2016, P. lineata Pereira, Pessali, Andrade & Reis, 2017, P. stephana (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999), and P. mucurina Pereira, Pessali & Reis, 2018 (Pereira, Zanata, 2014; Pereira, Britto, 2012; Pereira et al., 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, respectively). Specimens examined belong to institution whose acronyms are listed in Sabaj, (2020).
RESULTSPareiorhaphis pumila, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34B30074-B394-4DE3-9FFB-32776CDD30FC
==========================
Keywords:
Biodiversity; Cascudo; Neotropical; New species; Taxonomy
INTRODUCTIONPareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 currently has 27 species distributed in coastal drainages of southern and eastern Brazil from the rio Maquiné in the Rio Grande do Sul State to the rio Paraguaçu in Bahia State, with additional species in the west-bound, headwaters of the Uruguai, Iguaçu, upper Paraná, and São Francisco rivers. The history of the genus Pareiorhaphis in the rio Uruguai basin begins with the description of Hemipsilichthys vestigipinnis Pereira & Reis, 1992, from a creek tributary to the rio Caveiras at the town of Painel, Santa Catarina State. Ten years later, H. eurycephalus Pereira & Reis, 2002 and H. hystrix Pereira & Reis, 2002 were also described from the upper Uruguai, the former from a creek tributary to the rio Canoas, near the Corvo Branco Range, Urubici, Santa Catarina State, and the later with a wider distribution in the middle and upper Uruguai, in both Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. The genus Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 was later restricted to a few species by Pereira, (2005) and the species above were transferred to Pareiorhaphis. The genus was subsequently redefined by Pereira et al., (2007) and is currently diagnosed by one exclusive synapomorphy, the cheek canal plate firmly articulated to the preopercle, and several non-exclusive synapomophies related to ornamentation associated with secondary sexual dimorphism (Pereira, Reis, 2017).
Despite being aware of additional diversity in the Uruguai basin, after 2002 we concentrated efforts in discovering and reporting unknown species of Pareiorhaphis from coastal basins in eastern and southeastern Brazil. Extensive fieldwork in the rio Uruguai basin during the past two decades revealed additional specimens of those undescribed forms, allowing us to focus on the rio Uruguai again. The new species we describe here is a highly distinctive, dwarf Pareiorhaphis with a maximum standard length barely reaching 50 mm. The specimens were captured from fast flowing creeks in rock-bottomed habitats along the rio Ijuí basin, a tributary to the middle rio Uruguai.
MATERIAL AND METHODSCounts and measurements were taken according to Pereira et al., (2007). Procurrent caudal-fin rays and vertebrae were counted in three cleared and counterstained specimens (c&s) prepared according to Taylor, Van Dyke, (1985) procedure. Vertebral counts include five centra in the Weberian Apparatus and the fused ural + preural centra, which was counted as one element according to Lundberg, Baskin, (1969). Nomenclature and counts for body plates follow Schaefer, (1997). Morphometric features were obtained with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm and were made from point to point under a stereomicroscope. Standard length (SL) is expressed in millimeters while other measurements are given as percent of standard length or head length (HL). In the list of type material, museum abbreviation and catalog number come first, followed by the number and SL range of specimens in that lot, indication of preparation type (alc for specimens preserved in 70% ethanol, and tis for tissue samples preserved in 99% ethanol at -20°C), the number and SL range of specimens measured for the morphometric comparisons in parentheses, locality, date of collection, and collectors. Seven lots attributable to the new species were considered non-paratypes yet were mapped to compose the species distribution.
Conservation status of the new species was evaluated according to the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2022). The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) was calculated by the minimum convex polygon drawn around the micro-basins with species records, using Hydrosheds 8 level.
Comparative material of Pareiorhaphis species is listed in Pereira et al., (2012), with the addition of Pareiorhaphis lophia Pereira & Zanata, 2014, P. proskynita Pereira & Britto, 2012, P. garapia Pereira, Lehmann, Schvambach & Reis, 2015, P. vetula Pereira, Lehmann & Reis, 2016, P. lineata Pereira, Pessali, Andrade & Reis, 2017, P. stephana (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999), and P. mucurina Pereira, Pessali & Reis, 2018 (Pereira, Zanata, 2014; Pereira, Britto, 2012; Pereira et al., 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, respectively). Specimens examined belong to institution whose acronyms are listed in Sabaj, (2020).
RESULTSPareiorhaphis pumila, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34B30074-B394-4DE3-9FFB-32776CDD30FC
==========================
A new species of Geophagus (Teleostei: Cichlidae): Naming a cichlid species widely known in the aquarium hobby as ‘Geophagus sp. Tapajos red head’Junior Chuctaya,Pedro Nitschke,Marcelo C. Andrade,Juliana Wingert,Luiz R. Malabarba
First published: 04 September 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15207urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8FBBFFC-311A-4B92-A3D8-7E4304FA282A
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6722E480-1A67-405C-9D79-60890775B030
Funding information: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: 141479/2017-5; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: PNPD # 06/2017; United States Agency for International Development, Grant/Award Number: AID-OAA-A-11
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Check outAbstractA new species of Geophagus sensu stricto is described from the Tapajos River basin, Brazil, elevating the number of species of the genus to 21. The new species is of commercial importance and is known in the aquarist trade as Geophagus ‘red head’. The new species is diagnosed using an integrative approach, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis along with morphological evidence. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of markings on the head, the bar pattern composed by nine vertical bars on the flanks and the presence of distinct longitudinal bands in the caudal fin. Additionally, it shows a genetic distance of at least 2.0% in cytochrome b gene sequences from its closest congeners. Molecular analysis including most genera of Cichlidae from South America corroborates that the new species belongs to the group of Geophagus sensu stricto.
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First published: 04 September 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15207urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8FBBFFC-311A-4B92-A3D8-7E4304FA282A
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6722E480-1A67-405C-9D79-60890775B030
Funding information: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: 141479/2017-5; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: PNPD # 06/2017; United States Agency for International Development, Grant/Award Number: AID-OAA-A-11
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Check outAbstractA new species of Geophagus sensu stricto is described from the Tapajos River basin, Brazil, elevating the number of species of the genus to 21. The new species is of commercial importance and is known in the aquarist trade as Geophagus ‘red head’. The new species is diagnosed using an integrative approach, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis along with morphological evidence. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of markings on the head, the bar pattern composed by nine vertical bars on the flanks and the presence of distinct longitudinal bands in the caudal fin. Additionally, it shows a genetic distance of at least 2.0% in cytochrome b gene sequences from its closest congeners. Molecular analysis including most genera of Cichlidae from South America corroborates that the new species belongs to the group of Geophagus sensu stricto.
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- Species Index
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Journal of Applied Ichthyology - Hemiodus bimaculatus, a new species of Hemiodontidae from the Rio Tapajós drainage, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)
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Journal of Fish Biology - A new catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Iguaçu drainage, southern Brazil, with a remarkable unique colour pattern
Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Vinicius Abilhoa, Roger Henrique Dalcin,
Corydoras psamathos, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76871FE9-BC24-4B3D-99DA-0249A1E672C7
29.4 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, igarapé Santa Júlia, a tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin, 06°45’38”S 55°28’44”W, 10 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 386, 3, 18.1–21.8 mm SL; INPA 59772, 1, 23.7 mm SL, rio Jamanxim, 07°03’52”S 55°26’28”W, 9 Jul 2019. CITL 387, 9 of 12, 19.3–29.6 mm SL, 3 cs of 12, 22.0–28.6 mm SL; INPA 59773, 2, 29.3–30.2 mm SL; MZUSP 126862, 10, 19.6–27.8 mm SL; NUP 23542, 10, 18.7–26.9 mm SL, collected with holotype.
FIGURE 11 |
Corydoras psamathos, holotype, MNRJ 53289, 29.4 mm SL, Novo Progresso Municipality, Pará State, Brazil, igarapé Santa Júlia, a tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras psamathos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis, C. hastatus and C. pygmaeus, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); from the species within lineage 7, it differs by having posterodorsal edge of infraorbital 2 only in contact with sphenotic (vs. in contact with sphenotic and pterotic-extrascapular); from the species of lineages 6 and 9, except for C. concolor Weitzman, 1961, C. esperanzae Castro, 1987, C. guianensis, C. polystictusRegan, 1912, and C. sanchesi Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1967, by the absence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings on body; dark markings, when present, diffuse (vs. presence of conspicuous small- to large- sized dark brown or black markings in at least some region of the body); from C. concolor, C. esperanzae, C. guianensis, C. polystictus, and C. sanchesi by having posterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 2 strongly reduced, nearly imperceptible in some specimens (vs. posterior laminar expansion at least poorly developed, but clearly more developed and perceptible), by the slender body (vs. more robust), and by the narrower frontal bone (vs. wider). The new species can be further distinguished from C. concolor and C. esperanzae by the presence of ventral surface of trunk only with small-sized, irregular platelets (vs. ventral surface of trunk entirely or almost entirely covered by larger coalescent platelets); from C. sanchesi by having anterior portion of dorsal fin with scattered dark brown or black chromatophores, not forming any conspicuous pattern (vs. anterior portion of dorsal fin typically with a conspicuous concentration of dark brown or black chromatophores, forming a dark patch); from C. polystictus by presenting dorsal surface of snout with numerous platelets bearing odontodes (vs. dorsal surface of snout lacking platelets).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 3. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout ranging from relatively short to moderately developed and generally smoothly rounded; slightly more rounded in some specimens. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares; ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; region of frontal fontanel slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, slightly concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending slightly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel ranging from short to moderate in size, not reaching to anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, slightly smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin with poorly- to moderately-developed laminar expansion generally contacting frontal and mesethmoid; variably close but not in direct contact with mesethmoid; outer margin typically with strongly reduced laminar expansion. Lateral ethmoid slightly expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion relatively distant from nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 12A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion ranging from poorly to moderately developed; anterior portion with laminar expansion moderately developed, reaching to middle portion of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion poorly developed (Fig. 12A). Infraorbital 2 small, slender, with posterior laminar expansion strongly reduced, nearly imperceptible in some specimens; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting only sphenotic; inner laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed (Fig. 12A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle typically covered by thick skin layer. Interopercle entirely covered by thick layer of skin; subtriangular, anterior projection ranging from moderately developed to relatively well developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, with width similar to half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion ranging from strongly reduced, with only region of tip ossified, to well developed, its size about twice of cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 typically notched on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 28 to 38(3) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with slightly triangular to smoothly rounded laminar expansion on posterior margin. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 34 to 43(3) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapular, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal typically with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion, generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and generally opening into two pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, generally located just posterior to second dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,7*(1) or II,8(19), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 10 to 16 strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 12B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine moderately developed, with adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,7*(5), I,7,I(3) or I,8(12), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 17 to 26 strongly reduced to moderately-developed serrations along its entire length; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 12C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays I,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, typically located just posterior to 12th or 13th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base. Anal-fin rays ii,5(18), ii,5,i*(1), ii,7(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays I,12,i*(20), generally five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Typically, three laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes; third, encased in third dorsolateral body plates. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 23(2), 24*(15) or 25(3). Ventrolateral body plates 21(15) or 22*(5). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(17) or 7(3). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7(2), 8*(17) or 9(1). Preadipose platelets 3*(14) or 4(6). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate slightly expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, ventral margin of nasal capsule, above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal surface of snout with numerous small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on anterior margin of orbit and ventral margin of nasal capsule typically larger and coalescent. Ventral surface of trunk with scarce small-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; platelets more concentrated anteriorly and/or around pectoral-fin base.
Vertebral count 22(3); ribs 5(3); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
==========================
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76871FE9-BC24-4B3D-99DA-0249A1E672C7
29.4 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, igarapé Santa Júlia, a tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin, 06°45’38”S 55°28’44”W, 10 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 386, 3, 18.1–21.8 mm SL; INPA 59772, 1, 23.7 mm SL, rio Jamanxim, 07°03’52”S 55°26’28”W, 9 Jul 2019. CITL 387, 9 of 12, 19.3–29.6 mm SL, 3 cs of 12, 22.0–28.6 mm SL; INPA 59773, 2, 29.3–30.2 mm SL; MZUSP 126862, 10, 19.6–27.8 mm SL; NUP 23542, 10, 18.7–26.9 mm SL, collected with holotype.
FIGURE 11 |
Corydoras psamathos, holotype, MNRJ 53289, 29.4 mm SL, Novo Progresso Municipality, Pará State, Brazil, igarapé Santa Júlia, a tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras psamathos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis, C. hastatus and C. pygmaeus, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); from the species within lineage 7, it differs by having posterodorsal edge of infraorbital 2 only in contact with sphenotic (vs. in contact with sphenotic and pterotic-extrascapular); from the species of lineages 6 and 9, except for C. concolor Weitzman, 1961, C. esperanzae Castro, 1987, C. guianensis, C. polystictusRegan, 1912, and C. sanchesi Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1967, by the absence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings on body; dark markings, when present, diffuse (vs. presence of conspicuous small- to large- sized dark brown or black markings in at least some region of the body); from C. concolor, C. esperanzae, C. guianensis, C. polystictus, and C. sanchesi by having posterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 2 strongly reduced, nearly imperceptible in some specimens (vs. posterior laminar expansion at least poorly developed, but clearly more developed and perceptible), by the slender body (vs. more robust), and by the narrower frontal bone (vs. wider). The new species can be further distinguished from C. concolor and C. esperanzae by the presence of ventral surface of trunk only with small-sized, irregular platelets (vs. ventral surface of trunk entirely or almost entirely covered by larger coalescent platelets); from C. sanchesi by having anterior portion of dorsal fin with scattered dark brown or black chromatophores, not forming any conspicuous pattern (vs. anterior portion of dorsal fin typically with a conspicuous concentration of dark brown or black chromatophores, forming a dark patch); from C. polystictus by presenting dorsal surface of snout with numerous platelets bearing odontodes (vs. dorsal surface of snout lacking platelets).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 3. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout ranging from relatively short to moderately developed and generally smoothly rounded; slightly more rounded in some specimens. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares; ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; region of frontal fontanel slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, slightly concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending slightly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel ranging from short to moderate in size, not reaching to anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, slightly smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin with poorly- to moderately-developed laminar expansion generally contacting frontal and mesethmoid; variably close but not in direct contact with mesethmoid; outer margin typically with strongly reduced laminar expansion. Lateral ethmoid slightly expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion relatively distant from nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 12A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion ranging from poorly to moderately developed; anterior portion with laminar expansion moderately developed, reaching to middle portion of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion poorly developed (Fig. 12A). Infraorbital 2 small, slender, with posterior laminar expansion strongly reduced, nearly imperceptible in some specimens; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting only sphenotic; inner laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed (Fig. 12A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle typically covered by thick skin layer. Interopercle entirely covered by thick layer of skin; subtriangular, anterior projection ranging from moderately developed to relatively well developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, with width similar to half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion ranging from strongly reduced, with only region of tip ossified, to well developed, its size about twice of cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 typically notched on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 28 to 38(3) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with slightly triangular to smoothly rounded laminar expansion on posterior margin. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 34 to 43(3) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapular, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal typically with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion, generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and generally opening into two pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, generally located just posterior to second dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,7*(1) or II,8(19), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 10 to 16 strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 12B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine moderately developed, with adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,7*(5), I,7,I(3) or I,8(12), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 17 to 26 strongly reduced to moderately-developed serrations along its entire length; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 12C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays I,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, typically located just posterior to 12th or 13th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base. Anal-fin rays ii,5(18), ii,5,i*(1), ii,7(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays I,12,i*(20), generally five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Typically, three laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes; third, encased in third dorsolateral body plates. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 23(2), 24*(15) or 25(3). Ventrolateral body plates 21(15) or 22*(5). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(17) or 7(3). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7(2), 8*(17) or 9(1). Preadipose platelets 3*(14) or 4(6). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate slightly expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, ventral margin of nasal capsule, above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal surface of snout with numerous small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on anterior margin of orbit and ventral margin of nasal capsule typically larger and coalescent. Ventral surface of trunk with scarce small-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; platelets more concentrated anteriorly and/or around pectoral-fin base.
Vertebral count 22(3); ribs 5(3); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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Corydoras thanatos, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DD6AB86-416E-4C6C-B16C-015042A2A013
Corydoras CW146. —Lucanus, 2021:29 [AMAZONAS magazine, guide about Corydoras from Serra do Cachimbo].
Holotype. MNRJ 53287, 33.2 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, stream with unknown name tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin, 08°23’06”S 55°19’43”W, 7 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 382, 32, 12.6–18.5 mm SL, rio Jamanxim, 08°23’01”S 55°19’08”W, 7–8 Jul 2019. INPA 59776, 2, 12.9–14.2 mm SL; NUP 23540, 1, 33.2 mm SL, stream with unknown name, 08°23’33”S 55°22’36”W, 7–8 Jul 2019. CITL 383, 7 of 9, 15.0–37.0 mm SL, 2 cs of 9, 30.0–33.8 mm SL; INPA 59777, 3, 29.0–33.3 mm SL; INPA 59778, 1, 21.9 mm SL; MZUSP 126860, 7, 21.5–32.3 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
Corydoras thanatos, holotype, MNRJ 53287, 33.2 mm SL, Novo Progresso Municipality, Pará State, Brazil, stream with unknown name tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras thanatos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis Britto & Castro, 2002, C. hastatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888, and C. pygmaeus Knaack, 1966, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); it can be distinguished from the species within lineage 7 by having dark brown or black markings on fins, except for the pelvic fin (vs. all fins devoid of dark markings); it differs from the species within lineages 6 and 9, except for C. coppenamesisNijssen, 1970, C. lymnades Tencatt, Vera-Alcaraz, Britto & Pavanelli, 2013, C. garbei Ihering, 1911, and C. gosseiNijssen, 1972, by having anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 strongly well developed, conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, significantly covering its lateral surface (vs. anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 ranging from poorly to well developed, not conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, leaving most of its lateral surface exposed); the new species differs from C. gossei by presenting dark brown or black markings on head (vs. presence of pale yellow to white blotches on head); from C. lymnades by having a robust body (vs. slender); from C. coppenamesis, C. lymnades, and C. garbei by having flank midline covered by small-sized dark brown or black blotches; flank midline variably with distinct longitudinal series of blotches, generally more evident on posterior half of flank (vs. flank midline with longitudinal dark brown or black stripe in C. coppenamesis; with a distinct series of longitudinally aligned moderate- to large-sized dark brown or black blotches in C. lymnades and C. garbei).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 1. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout short, rounded. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares, ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; interorbital region slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending abruptly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel moderate in size, not reaching anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal relatively wide, laterally curved, inner margin with relatively well-developed laminar expansion contacting frontal and mesethmoid; outer margin with poorly-developed laminar expansion typically contacting lateral ethmoid. Lateral ethmoid moderately expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion contacting nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size clearly smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 2A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle and variably infraorbital 2; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 conspicuously large, ventral laminar expansion generally strongly well developed; some specimens with well-developed expansion; anterior portion with strongly well-developed laminar expansion, surpassing anterior margin of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion moderately developed (Fig. 2A). Infraorbital 2 small, relatively slender, with posterior laminar expansion ranging from moderately to well developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting sphenotic and generally pterotic-extrascapular; posterodorsal edge not in contact with pterotic-extrascapular in some specimens; inner laminar expansion ranging from poorly- to moderately developed (Fig. 2A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle exposed and bearing odontodes. Interopercle partially covered by thick layer of skin, with posterior portion exposed and bearing odontodes; subtriangular, anterior projection ranging from moderately to well developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated; relatively compact in shape, with width equal to or slightly larger than half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion well developed, its size about twice cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 42 to 45(2) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with small roughly triangular laminar expansion on posterior margin; rounded expansion in some specimens. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 48 to 58(2) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapula, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion and generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two or three pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,8*(20), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 20 to 24 ranging from strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 2B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine typically well developed, with adpressed distal tip surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,6,i(1), I,7*(3), I,7,i(12), I,8(3) or I,9(1), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 25 to 28 poorly- to moderately-developed serrations along almost its entire length, absent close to origin of spine; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 2C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through dorsal-fin spine or first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by six or seven dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to 12th or 13th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base or region of preadipose platelets. Anal-fin rays i,4,ii(1), ii,5(16), i,6*(2) or ii,5,i(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays i,11,i(1) or i,12,i*(19), generally four or five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Two laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 22(1) or 23*(19). Ventrolateral body plates 20*(17) or 21(3). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(20). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 6(1), 7*(16) or 8(3). Preadipose platelets 2(9) or 3*(11). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate ranging from slightly to moderately expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, region around nasal capsule, on region above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal, lateral and variably ventrolateral portions of snout with small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on snout conspicuously more concentrated above mesethmoid. Ventral surface of trunk with numerous small- to relatively large-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; region around pectoral-fin origin typically with larger platelets.
Vertebral count 21(2); ribs 5(2); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DD6AB86-416E-4C6C-B16C-015042A2A013
Corydoras CW146. —Lucanus, 2021:29 [AMAZONAS magazine, guide about Corydoras from Serra do Cachimbo].
Holotype. MNRJ 53287, 33.2 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, stream with unknown name tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin, 08°23’06”S 55°19’43”W, 7 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 382, 32, 12.6–18.5 mm SL, rio Jamanxim, 08°23’01”S 55°19’08”W, 7–8 Jul 2019. INPA 59776, 2, 12.9–14.2 mm SL; NUP 23540, 1, 33.2 mm SL, stream with unknown name, 08°23’33”S 55°22’36”W, 7–8 Jul 2019. CITL 383, 7 of 9, 15.0–37.0 mm SL, 2 cs of 9, 30.0–33.8 mm SL; INPA 59777, 3, 29.0–33.3 mm SL; INPA 59778, 1, 21.9 mm SL; MZUSP 126860, 7, 21.5–32.3 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
Corydoras thanatos, holotype, MNRJ 53287, 33.2 mm SL, Novo Progresso Municipality, Pará State, Brazil, stream with unknown name tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras thanatos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis Britto & Castro, 2002, C. hastatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888, and C. pygmaeus Knaack, 1966, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); it can be distinguished from the species within lineage 7 by having dark brown or black markings on fins, except for the pelvic fin (vs. all fins devoid of dark markings); it differs from the species within lineages 6 and 9, except for C. coppenamesisNijssen, 1970, C. lymnades Tencatt, Vera-Alcaraz, Britto & Pavanelli, 2013, C. garbei Ihering, 1911, and C. gosseiNijssen, 1972, by having anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 strongly well developed, conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, significantly covering its lateral surface (vs. anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 ranging from poorly to well developed, not conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, leaving most of its lateral surface exposed); the new species differs from C. gossei by presenting dark brown or black markings on head (vs. presence of pale yellow to white blotches on head); from C. lymnades by having a robust body (vs. slender); from C. coppenamesis, C. lymnades, and C. garbei by having flank midline covered by small-sized dark brown or black blotches; flank midline variably with distinct longitudinal series of blotches, generally more evident on posterior half of flank (vs. flank midline with longitudinal dark brown or black stripe in C. coppenamesis; with a distinct series of longitudinally aligned moderate- to large-sized dark brown or black blotches in C. lymnades and C. garbei).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 1. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout short, rounded. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares, ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; interorbital region slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending abruptly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel moderate in size, not reaching anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal relatively wide, laterally curved, inner margin with relatively well-developed laminar expansion contacting frontal and mesethmoid; outer margin with poorly-developed laminar expansion typically contacting lateral ethmoid. Lateral ethmoid moderately expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion contacting nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size clearly smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 2A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle and variably infraorbital 2; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 conspicuously large, ventral laminar expansion generally strongly well developed; some specimens with well-developed expansion; anterior portion with strongly well-developed laminar expansion, surpassing anterior margin of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion moderately developed (Fig. 2A). Infraorbital 2 small, relatively slender, with posterior laminar expansion ranging from moderately to well developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting sphenotic and generally pterotic-extrascapular; posterodorsal edge not in contact with pterotic-extrascapular in some specimens; inner laminar expansion ranging from poorly- to moderately developed (Fig. 2A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle exposed and bearing odontodes. Interopercle partially covered by thick layer of skin, with posterior portion exposed and bearing odontodes; subtriangular, anterior projection ranging from moderately to well developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated; relatively compact in shape, with width equal to or slightly larger than half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion well developed, its size about twice cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 42 to 45(2) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with small roughly triangular laminar expansion on posterior margin; rounded expansion in some specimens. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 48 to 58(2) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapula, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion and generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two or three pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,8*(20), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 20 to 24 ranging from strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 2B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine typically well developed, with adpressed distal tip surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,6,i(1), I,7*(3), I,7,i(12), I,8(3) or I,9(1), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 25 to 28 poorly- to moderately-developed serrations along almost its entire length, absent close to origin of spine; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 2C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through dorsal-fin spine or first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by six or seven dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to 12th or 13th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base or region of preadipose platelets. Anal-fin rays i,4,ii(1), ii,5(16), i,6*(2) or ii,5,i(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays i,11,i(1) or i,12,i*(19), generally four or five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Two laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 22(1) or 23*(19). Ventrolateral body plates 20*(17) or 21(3). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(20). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 6(1), 7*(16) or 8(3). Preadipose platelets 2(9) or 3*(11). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate ranging from slightly to moderately expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, region around nasal capsule, on region above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal, lateral and variably ventrolateral portions of snout with small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on snout conspicuously more concentrated above mesethmoid. Ventral surface of trunk with numerous small- to relatively large-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; region around pectoral-fin origin typically with larger platelets.
Vertebral count 21(2); ribs 5(2); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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Corydoras hypnos, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:841242F8-3AE8-4166-A0EA-D76D63340BCE
Holotype. MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós, 08°23’00”S 55°19’08”W, 8 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 384, 2, 20.9–26.3 mm SL, stream with unknown name, 08°23’06”S 55°19’43”W, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59775, 3, 22.2–27.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59774, 2, 22.6–28.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 11 Jul 2019. CITL 385, 11 of 13, 17.6–25.7 mm SL, 2 cs of 13, 26.6–32.0 mm SL; MZUSP 126861, 12, 13.2–24.7 mm SL; NUP 23541, 11, 18.9–26.1 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
Corydoras hypnos, holotype, MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras hypnos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis, C. hastatus, and C. pygmaeus, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); it can be distinguished from the species within lineage 7 by having dark brown or black markings on fins, except for the pectoral and pelvic fins (vs. fins devoid of conspicuous dark markings); it differs from the species within lineages 6 and 9, except for C. benattii, C. eversi Tencatt & Britto, 2016, C. froehlichi Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2016, C. granti Tencatt, Lima & Britto, 2019, C. gryphus Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2014, C. psamathos, and C. thanatos, by having dorsal surface of snout with numerous platelets bearing odontodes (vs. dorsal surface of snout lacking platelets); from C. benattii and C. froehlichi by having moderately- to relatively well-developed and smoothly rounded snout (vs. conspicuously short and rounded snout); from C. eversi and C. granti, it can be distinguished by having ventral surface of trunk only with small-sized, non-coalescent platelets (vs. ventral surface of trunk entirely or partially covered by moderate- to relatively large-sized, coalescent platelets); from C. gryphus by having midline of flank with longitudinal series of dark brown or black blotches, when present, diffuse (vs. midline of flank with a longitudinal series of four to six conspicuous dark brown or black blotches), and mesethmoid partially exposed (vs. entirely covered by thick layer of skin); from C. psamathos by the presence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings at least in dorsal and caudal fins (vs. absence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings on body; dark markings, when present, diffuse); from C. thanatos by having anterior laminar expansion moderately developed, poorly expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, leaving most of its lateral surface exposed (vs. anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 strongly well developed, conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, significantly covering its lateral surface).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 2. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout ranging from moderately to relatively well developed and smoothly rounded. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares; ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; region of frontal or parieto-supraoccipital slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, slightly concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending slightly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel ranging from short to moderate in size, not reaching to anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, slightly smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin with poorly- to moderately-developed laminar expansion generally contacting frontal and mesethmoid; variably close but not in direct contact with mesethmoid; outer margin with poorly-developed to strongly reduced laminar expansion. Lateral ethmoid slightly expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion relatively distant from nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 8A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion ranging from poorly to moderately developed; anterior portion with laminar expansion moderately developed, reaching to middle portion of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Infraorbital 2 small, slender, with posterior laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting only sphenotic; inner laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle typically covered by thin skin layer. Interopercle entirely covered by thick layer of skin or almost entirely covered by thick layer of skin, with posterior portion exposed, and typically bearing small odontodes; subtriangular, anterior projection moderately developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, with width slightly smaller or similar to half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion well developed, its size about twice or triple of cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 notched on postero-lateral margin; variably with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 34 to 37(3) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with smoothly rounded to nearly straight laminar expansion on posterior margin. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 40 to 53(3) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapular, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion, generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two or three pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively; pore 3 variably opening at posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,8*(19), II,9(1), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 16 to 17 strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine moderately developed, with adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,7(3), I,7,i(1) or I,8*(16), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 20 to 32 strongly reduced to moderately-developed serrations along its entire length; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed or directed towards origin of spine; serrations variably bifid; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, typically located just posterior to 12th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base or region of preadipose platelets. Anal-fin rays ii,5(19) or ii,6(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays i,12,i*(20), generally four or five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Typically, three laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes; third, encased in third dorsolateral body plates. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 23(17) or 24*(3). Ventrolateral body plates 20(13) or 21*(7). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(18) or 7(2). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7(18) or 8*(2). Preadipose platelets 3*(6) or 4(14). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate slightly expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, ventral margin of nasal capsule, above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal surface of snout with numerous small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on anterior margin of orbit and ventral margin of nasal capsule typically larger and coalescent. Ventral surface of trunk with scarce to relatively numerous small-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; platelets more concentrated anteriorly and/or around pectoral-fin base.
Vertebral count 21(3); ribs 5(3); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:841242F8-3AE8-4166-A0EA-D76D63340BCE
Holotype. MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós, 08°23’00”S 55°19’08”W, 8 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 384, 2, 20.9–26.3 mm SL, stream with unknown name, 08°23’06”S 55°19’43”W, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59775, 3, 22.2–27.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59774, 2, 22.6–28.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 11 Jul 2019. CITL 385, 11 of 13, 17.6–25.7 mm SL, 2 cs of 13, 26.6–32.0 mm SL; MZUSP 126861, 12, 13.2–24.7 mm SL; NUP 23541, 11, 18.9–26.1 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
Corydoras hypnos, holotype, MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras hypnos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis, C. hastatus, and C. pygmaeus, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); it can be distinguished from the species within lineage 7 by having dark brown or black markings on fins, except for the pectoral and pelvic fins (vs. fins devoid of conspicuous dark markings); it differs from the species within lineages 6 and 9, except for C. benattii, C. eversi Tencatt & Britto, 2016, C. froehlichi Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2016, C. granti Tencatt, Lima & Britto, 2019, C. gryphus Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2014, C. psamathos, and C. thanatos, by having dorsal surface of snout with numerous platelets bearing odontodes (vs. dorsal surface of snout lacking platelets); from C. benattii and C. froehlichi by having moderately- to relatively well-developed and smoothly rounded snout (vs. conspicuously short and rounded snout); from C. eversi and C. granti, it can be distinguished by having ventral surface of trunk only with small-sized, non-coalescent platelets (vs. ventral surface of trunk entirely or partially covered by moderate- to relatively large-sized, coalescent platelets); from C. gryphus by having midline of flank with longitudinal series of dark brown or black blotches, when present, diffuse (vs. midline of flank with a longitudinal series of four to six conspicuous dark brown or black blotches), and mesethmoid partially exposed (vs. entirely covered by thick layer of skin); from C. psamathos by the presence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings at least in dorsal and caudal fins (vs. absence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings on body; dark markings, when present, diffuse); from C. thanatos by having anterior laminar expansion moderately developed, poorly expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, leaving most of its lateral surface exposed (vs. anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 strongly well developed, conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, significantly covering its lateral surface).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 2. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout ranging from moderately to relatively well developed and smoothly rounded. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares; ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; region of frontal or parieto-supraoccipital slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, slightly concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending slightly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel ranging from short to moderate in size, not reaching to anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, slightly smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin with poorly- to moderately-developed laminar expansion generally contacting frontal and mesethmoid; variably close but not in direct contact with mesethmoid; outer margin with poorly-developed to strongly reduced laminar expansion. Lateral ethmoid slightly expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion relatively distant from nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 8A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion ranging from poorly to moderately developed; anterior portion with laminar expansion moderately developed, reaching to middle portion of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Infraorbital 2 small, slender, with posterior laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting only sphenotic; inner laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle typically covered by thin skin layer. Interopercle entirely covered by thick layer of skin or almost entirely covered by thick layer of skin, with posterior portion exposed, and typically bearing small odontodes; subtriangular, anterior projection moderately developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, with width slightly smaller or similar to half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion well developed, its size about twice or triple of cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 notched on postero-lateral margin; variably with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 34 to 37(3) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with smoothly rounded to nearly straight laminar expansion on posterior margin. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 40 to 53(3) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapular, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion, generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two or three pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively; pore 3 variably opening at posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,8*(19), II,9(1), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 16 to 17 strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine moderately developed, with adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,7(3), I,7,i(1) or I,8*(16), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 20 to 32 strongly reduced to moderately-developed serrations along its entire length; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed or directed towards origin of spine; serrations variably bifid; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, typically located just posterior to 12th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base or region of preadipose platelets. Anal-fin rays ii,5(19) or ii,6(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays i,12,i*(20), generally four or five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Typically, three laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes; third, encased in third dorsolateral body plates. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 23(17) or 24*(3). Ventrolateral body plates 20(13) or 21*(7). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(18) or 7(2). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7(18) or 8*(2). Preadipose platelets 3*(6) or 4(14). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate slightly expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, ventral margin of nasal capsule, above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal surface of snout with numerous small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on anterior margin of orbit and ventral margin of nasal capsule typically larger and coalescent. Ventral surface of trunk with scarce to relatively numerous small-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; platelets more concentrated anteriorly and/or around pectoral-fin base.
Vertebral count 21(3); ribs 5(3); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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Corydoras hypnos, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:841242F8-3AE8-4166-A0EA-D76D63340BCE
Holotype. MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós, 08°23’00”S 55°19’08”W, 8 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 384, 2, 20.9–26.3 mm SL, stream with unknown name, 08°23’06”S 55°19’43”W, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59775, 3, 22.2–27.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59774, 2, 22.6–28.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 11 Jul 2019. CITL 385, 11 of 13, 17.6–25.7 mm SL, 2 cs of 13, 26.6–32.0 mm SL; MZUSP 126861, 12, 13.2–24.7 mm SL; NUP 23541, 11, 18.9–26.1 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
FIGURE 7 |
Corydoras hypnos, holotype, MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras hypnos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis, C. hastatus, and C. pygmaeus, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); it can be distinguished from the species within lineage 7 by having dark brown or black markings on fins, except for the pectoral and pelvic fins (vs. fins devoid of conspicuous dark markings); it differs from the species within lineages 6 and 9, except for C. benattii, C. eversi Tencatt & Britto, 2016, C. froehlichi Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2016, C. granti Tencatt, Lima & Britto, 2019, C. gryphus Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2014, C. psamathos, and C. thanatos, by having dorsal surface of snout with numerous platelets bearing odontodes (vs. dorsal surface of snout lacking platelets); from C. benattii and C. froehlichi by having moderately- to relatively well-developed and smoothly rounded snout (vs. conspicuously short and rounded snout); from C. eversi and C. granti, it can be distinguished by having ventral surface of trunk only with small-sized, non-coalescent platelets (vs. ventral surface of trunk entirely or partially covered by moderate- to relatively large-sized, coalescent platelets); from C. gryphus by having midline of flank with longitudinal series of dark brown or black blotches, when present, diffuse (vs. midline of flank with a longitudinal series of four to six conspicuous dark brown or black blotches), and mesethmoid partially exposed (vs. entirely covered by thick layer of skin); from C. psamathos by the presence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings at least in dorsal and caudal fins (vs. absence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings on body; dark markings, when present, diffuse); from C. thanatos by having anterior laminar expansion moderately developed, poorly expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, leaving most of its lateral surface exposed (vs. anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 strongly well developed, conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, significantly covering its lateral surface).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 2. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout ranging from moderately to relatively well developed and smoothly rounded. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares; ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; region of frontal or parieto-supraoccipital slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, slightly concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending slightly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel ranging from short to moderate in size, not reaching to anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, slightly smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin with poorly- to moderately-developed laminar expansion generally contacting frontal and mesethmoid; variably close but not in direct contact with mesethmoid; outer margin with poorly-developed to strongly reduced laminar expansion. Lateral ethmoid slightly expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion relatively distant from nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 8A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion ranging from poorly to moderately developed; anterior portion with laminar expansion moderately developed, reaching to middle portion of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Infraorbital 2 small, slender, with posterior laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting only sphenotic; inner laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle typically covered by thin skin layer. Interopercle entirely covered by thick layer of skin or almost entirely covered by thick layer of skin, with posterior portion exposed, and typically bearing small odontodes; subtriangular, anterior projection moderately developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, with width slightly smaller or similar to half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion well developed, its size about twice or triple of cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 notched on postero-lateral margin; variably with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 34 to 37(3) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with smoothly rounded to nearly straight laminar expansion on posterior margin. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 40 to 53(3) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapular, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion, generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two or three pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively; pore 3 variably opening at posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,8*(19), II,9(1), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 16 to 17 strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine moderately developed, with adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,7(3), I,7,i(1) or I,8*(16), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 20 to 32 strongly reduced to moderately-developed serrations along its entire length; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed or directed towards origin of spine; serrations variably bifid; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, typically located just posterior to 12th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base or region of preadipose platelets. Anal-fin rays ii,5(19) or ii,6(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays i,12,i*(20), generally four or five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Typically, three laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes; third, encased in third dorsolateral body plates. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 23(17) or 24*(3). Ventrolateral body plates 20(13) or 21*(7). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(18) or 7(2). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7(18) or 8*(2). Preadipose platelets 3*(6) or 4(14). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate slightly expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, ventral margin of nasal capsule, above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal surface of snout with numerous small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on anterior margin of orbit and ventral margin of nasal capsule typically larger and coalescent. Ventral surface of trunk with scarce to relatively numerous small-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; platelets more concentrated anteriorly and/or around pectoral-fin base.
Vertebral count 21(3); ribs 5(3); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:841242F8-3AE8-4166-A0EA-D76D63340BCE
Holotype. MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós, 08°23’00”S 55°19’08”W, 8 Jul 2019, M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim basin, rio Tapajós drainage, collected by M. R. Britto, W. M. Ohara and L. F. C. Tencatt. CITL 384, 2, 20.9–26.3 mm SL, stream with unknown name, 08°23’06”S 55°19’43”W, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59775, 3, 22.2–27.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 7 Jul 2019. INPA 59774, 2, 22.6–28.2 mm SL, same locality as holotype, 11 Jul 2019. CITL 385, 11 of 13, 17.6–25.7 mm SL, 2 cs of 13, 26.6–32.0 mm SL; MZUSP 126861, 12, 13.2–24.7 mm SL; NUP 23541, 11, 18.9–26.1 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
FIGURE 7 |
Corydoras hypnos, holotype, MNRJ 53288, 31.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso Municipality, rio Jamanxim, a tributary to the rio Tapajós basin.
Diagnosis.Corydoras hypnos can be distinguished from its congeners, except for the species from the lineages 6, 7 and 9 sensuAlexandrou et al., (2011) plus C. difluviatilis, C. hastatus, and C. pygmaeus, by having posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with most serrations directed towards the tip of the spine (vs. most serrations directed towards origin of spine); from C. difluviatilis and C. pygmaeus it differs by the presence of contact between nuchal plate and posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital (vs. absence of contact between nuchal plate and the posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital); from C. hastatus by the absence of a large-sized dark blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. caudal-fin base region with a dark brown or black large blotch, roughly diamond-shaped or rhomboid, or arrow-shaped, typically bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by conspicuously light areas); it can be distinguished from the species within lineage 7 by having dark brown or black markings on fins, except for the pectoral and pelvic fins (vs. fins devoid of conspicuous dark markings); it differs from the species within lineages 6 and 9, except for C. benattii, C. eversi Tencatt & Britto, 2016, C. froehlichi Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2016, C. granti Tencatt, Lima & Britto, 2019, C. gryphus Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2014, C. psamathos, and C. thanatos, by having dorsal surface of snout with numerous platelets bearing odontodes (vs. dorsal surface of snout lacking platelets); from C. benattii and C. froehlichi by having moderately- to relatively well-developed and smoothly rounded snout (vs. conspicuously short and rounded snout); from C. eversi and C. granti, it can be distinguished by having ventral surface of trunk only with small-sized, non-coalescent platelets (vs. ventral surface of trunk entirely or partially covered by moderate- to relatively large-sized, coalescent platelets); from C. gryphus by having midline of flank with longitudinal series of dark brown or black blotches, when present, diffuse (vs. midline of flank with a longitudinal series of four to six conspicuous dark brown or black blotches), and mesethmoid partially exposed (vs. entirely covered by thick layer of skin); from C. psamathos by the presence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings at least in dorsal and caudal fins (vs. absence of conspicuous dark brown or black markings on body; dark markings, when present, diffuse); from C. thanatos by having anterior laminar expansion moderately developed, poorly expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, leaving most of its lateral surface exposed (vs. anterior laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 strongly well developed, conspicuously expanded towards the anteroventral portion of snout, significantly covering its lateral surface).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 2. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout ranging from moderately to relatively well developed and smoothly rounded. Head profile convex from tip of snout to anterior nares; ascending nearly straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; region of frontal or parieto-supraoccipital slightly concave in some specimens. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adipose-fin spine, slightly concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending slightly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteroventrally by infraorbital 2, and anteroventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance similar to naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width similar to bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel ranging from short to moderate in size, not reaching to anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.
Mesethmoid moderate in size, with anterior tip poorly developed, slightly smaller than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003:123, character 1, state 1; fig. 1B); posterior portion wide, partially exposed and bearing small odontodes. Nasal capsule delimited posteriorly and dorsally by frontal, anteriorly by mesethmoid, and ventrally and posteriorly by lateral ethmoid. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin with poorly- to moderately-developed laminar expansion generally contacting frontal and mesethmoid; variably close but not in direct contact with mesethmoid; outer margin with poorly-developed to strongly reduced laminar expansion. Lateral ethmoid slightly expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion relatively distant from nasal, and anterior margin contacting posterior portion of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, narrow, width less than half of entire length; anterior projection short, size smaller than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension slightly surpassing anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, pterotic-extrascapular posteriorly, second infraorbital posteroventrally and frontal anteriorly (Fig. 8A). Pterotic-extrascapular roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle; posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin. Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion ranging from poorly to moderately developed; anterior portion with laminar expansion moderately developed, reaching to middle portion of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Infraorbital 2 small, slender, with posterior laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting only sphenotic; inner laminar expansion ranging from strongly reduced to poorly developed (Fig. 8A). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between pterotic-extrascapular and opercle typically covered by thin skin layer. Interopercle entirely covered by thick layer of skin or almost entirely covered by thick layer of skin, with posterior portion exposed, and typically bearing small odontodes; subtriangular, anterior projection moderately developed. Preopercle elongated, relatively slender; minute odontodes on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, with width slightly smaller or similar to half of its entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 1 deep; hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion well developed, its size about twice or triple of cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 notched on postero-lateral margin; variably with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 34 to 37(3) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with mesially-curved uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with smoothly rounded to nearly straight laminar expansion on posterior margin. Upper tooth plate roughly oval, 40 to 53(3) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface; rows closely aligned.
Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through pterotic-extrascapular, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal widens just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through pterotic-extrascapular, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with three openings, first on posterior edge, second on posterolateral portion, generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two or three pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively; pore 3 variably opening at posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula.
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,8*(19), II,9(1), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 16 to 17 strongly reduced to poorly-developed serrations; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8B). Nuchal plate moderately developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short; spine moderately developed, with adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,7(3), I,7,i(1) or I,8*(16), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 20 to 32 strongly reduced to moderately-developed serrations along its entire length; most serrations directed towards tip of spine; some serrations perpendicularly directed or directed towards origin of spine; serrations variably bifid; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (Fig. 8C). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion slightly expanded anteriorly, not in contact with anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes. Opening of axillary gland sensuKiehl et al., (2006) located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first or second ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through first branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(20). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, typically located just posterior to 12th ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adipose-fin spine base or region of preadipose platelets. Anal-fin rays ii,5(19) or ii,6(1). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size or dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe. Caudal-fin rays i,12,i*(20), generally four or five dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
Typically, three laterosensory canals on trunk; first ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, both bearing small odontodes; third, encased in third dorsolateral body plates. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, with conspicuous line of odontodes confined to posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 23(17) or 24*(3). Ventrolateral body plates 20(13) or 21*(7). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6*(18) or 7(2). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7(18) or 8*(2). Preadipose platelets 3*(6) or 4(14). Ventral surface of trunk between posteroventral margin of cleithrum and pelvic-fin origin laterally delimited only by first ventrolateral body plate; ventral portion of first ventrolateral body plate slightly expanded anteriorly. Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above region of junction between frontal and lateral ethmoid, ventral margin of nasal capsule, above lateral ethmoid, and dorsal surface of snout with numerous small- to relatively large-sized platelets bearing odontodes; platelets on anterior margin of orbit and ventral margin of nasal capsule typically larger and coalescent. Ventral surface of trunk with scarce to relatively numerous small-sized irregular platelets bearing odontodes; platelets more concentrated anteriorly and/or around pectoral-fin base.
Vertebral count 21(3); ribs 5(3); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Parapophysis of complex vertebra well developed.
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5194.2.9
PUBLISHED: 2022-10-05
Pethia dikhuensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species from Nagaland, Northeast, India
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PUBLISHED: 2022-10-05
Pethia dikhuensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species from Nagaland, Northeast, India
- JAYASIMHAN PRAVEENRAJ+
- LIMAAKUM+
- JOHN DANIEL MARCUS KNIGHT+
- NALLATHAMBI MOULITHARAN+
- NUNGSANGTEMJEN IMCHEN+
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5190.4.6
PUBLISHED: 2022-09-30
DNA barcode data confirm the placement of subterranean Noemacheilus (Troglocobitis) starostini Parin 1983 in the genus Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae)
PISCESFRESHWATER FISHTAXONOMYCYTOCHROME OXIDASE IMIDDLE EASTAbstractDNA barcodes (COI) of Troglocobitis starostini, endemic to a single site in Turkmenistan, were analysed and put into the taxonomic context of the large group of nemacheilid loaches known from Western and Central Asia. All applied phylogenetic tree-based analyses place the species into the genus Paracobitis. This finding supports previous morphological studies. While the exact position of Troglocobitis starostini within Paracobitis was not resolved unambiguously, it was constantly recovered within Paracobitis, irrespective of the tree reconstruction method applied. With a minimum interspecific K2P distance of 7.19% P. persa was the closest hit in our dataset, which comprised a total of ten species of Paracobitis, which showed an average interspecific K2P distance of 5.43% (range 2.78–9.44%).
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PUBLISHED: 2022-09-30
DNA barcode data confirm the placement of subterranean Noemacheilus (Troglocobitis) starostini Parin 1983 in the genus Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae)
PISCESFRESHWATER FISHTAXONOMYCYTOCHROME OXIDASE IMIDDLE EASTAbstractDNA barcodes (COI) of Troglocobitis starostini, endemic to a single site in Turkmenistan, were analysed and put into the taxonomic context of the large group of nemacheilid loaches known from Western and Central Asia. All applied phylogenetic tree-based analyses place the species into the genus Paracobitis. This finding supports previous morphological studies. While the exact position of Troglocobitis starostini within Paracobitis was not resolved unambiguously, it was constantly recovered within Paracobitis, irrespective of the tree reconstruction method applied. With a minimum interspecific K2P distance of 7.19% P. persa was the closest hit in our dataset, which comprised a total of ten species of Paracobitis, which showed an average interspecific K2P distance of 5.43% (range 2.78–9.44%).
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5189.1.17
PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the PhilippinesPISCESBIODIVERSITYSYSTEMATICSTAXONOMYANGLERFISHDEEP-SEA FISHAbstractFour new species of the genus Chaunax found in Taiwan and the Philippines are described. Chaunax albatrossae sp. nov. belongs to the C. abei species group and is distinct from its congeners in having a dark gray mouth cavity, a dark brown to black gill chamber and gill rakers and skin covered with only short, simple spinules. Three new species belong to the C. fimbriatus species group: Chaunax erythraeus sp. nov. is distinct in having a uniformly pinkish-red body and an entirely black gill chamber; Chaunax obscurus sp. nov. is distinct in having a dark gray mouth cavity and orange-red marbling on the dorsal surface that fades after fixation; and Chaunax viridiretis sp. nov. is distinguished by its green reticulate pattern with some small, bright-white patches on the dorsal surface. The diagnostic characters used to identify the chaunacids are summarized and a key to all Chaunax species found in Taiwan and adjacent waters is provided.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the PhilippinesPISCESBIODIVERSITYSYSTEMATICSTAXONOMYANGLERFISHDEEP-SEA FISHAbstractFour new species of the genus Chaunax found in Taiwan and the Philippines are described. Chaunax albatrossae sp. nov. belongs to the C. abei species group and is distinct from its congeners in having a dark gray mouth cavity, a dark brown to black gill chamber and gill rakers and skin covered with only short, simple spinules. Three new species belong to the C. fimbriatus species group: Chaunax erythraeus sp. nov. is distinct in having a uniformly pinkish-red body and an entirely black gill chamber; Chaunax obscurus sp. nov. is distinct in having a dark gray mouth cavity and orange-red marbling on the dorsal surface that fades after fixation; and Chaunax viridiretis sp. nov. is distinguished by its green reticulate pattern with some small, bright-white patches on the dorsal surface. The diagnostic characters used to identify the chaunacids are summarized and a key to all Chaunax species found in Taiwan and adjacent waters is provided.
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Hemimyzon yushanensis, a new species of balitorid fish (Teleostei: Baltiordae) from southern Taiwan PISCESHEMIMYZONNEW SPECIESBALITORIDAEFISH FAUNATAIWAN AbstractThe new balitorid fish was collected in the Kaoping river basin from southern Taiwan. The new balitorid, Hemimyzon yushanensis n. sp. can be well distinguished from other congeneric species by following combination of features: (1) dorsal fin rays 3 + 8; pectoral fin rays 11-13 + 9-11 (total 22-23; modally 22); (2) lateral-line scales 69-72 (modally 70); predorsal scales 25-30 (26-27); (3) pelvic fin moderate large, extending to rear vertical of dorsal fin; (4) the position of anus with larger distance of pelvic rear tip to anus about 1.2-1.7 times of that of anus to anal fin origin; and (5) specific coloration: predrorsal region and head with rounded creamy yellow spots, pectoral and pelvic fins with several small whitish spots on greenish brown background. The morphological comparison of congeners and diagnostic key of Taiwanese species would be also provided in this paper.
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5189.1.18
PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) PISCESACTINOPTERYGIITRACHICHTHYIFORMESTAXONOMYDNA BARCODINGBIODIVERSITY AbstractA new pineapple fish is described based on 26 type and 80 non-type specimens collected from Taiwan, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and Queensland, Australia. This new species is sympatric with and similar to Monocentris japonica but can be distinguished from the latter in having only 6 or 7 scales on the third scale row below the lateral line; excisura notched and a small pseudo-excisura present on the sagittal otolith; consistently greater head depth, body depth, postorbital length, dorsal-fin–pelvic-fin length, and dorsal-fin–pectoral-fin length in proportion to standard length. A detailed description and designation of neotype are provided for M. japonica. DNA barcoding analysis supports the distinction of the new species with an estimated average COI gene divergence of 3.6 % from M. japonica.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
A new cryptic species of the pineapple fish genus Monocentris (Family Monocentridae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with redescription of M. japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) PISCESACTINOPTERYGIITRACHICHTHYIFORMESTAXONOMYDNA BARCODINGBIODIVERSITY AbstractA new pineapple fish is described based on 26 type and 80 non-type specimens collected from Taiwan, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and Queensland, Australia. This new species is sympatric with and similar to Monocentris japonica but can be distinguished from the latter in having only 6 or 7 scales on the third scale row below the lateral line; excisura notched and a small pseudo-excisura present on the sagittal otolith; consistently greater head depth, body depth, postorbital length, dorsal-fin–pelvic-fin length, and dorsal-fin–pectoral-fin length in proportion to standard length. A detailed description and designation of neotype are provided for M. japonica. DNA barcoding analysis supports the distinction of the new species with an estimated average COI gene divergence of 3.6 % from M. japonica.
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5189.1.12
PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
Two new species of the snake eel genus Bascanichthys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the northwestern Pacific
PISCESICHTHYOLOGYTAXONOMYELOPOMORPHATAIWANRYUKYU ISLANDSESTUARYAbstractTwo new species of the elongate snake eel genus Bascanichthys are described from the northwestern Pacific. Bascanichthys kabeyawan sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen collected from estuary of southern Taiwan. It is characterized by having head 4.6% TL; tail 52.3% TL; body depth at gill opening 1.1% TL; predorsal-fin length 58.4% HL; snout length 10.9% HL; body bicolored, head without bands; lateral-line pores anterior to anus 104; vertebral formula 4-103-224. Bascanichthys ryukyuensis sp. nov. is described based on two specimens collected from the shallow water of Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan. It is characterized by having head 3.7–4.3% TL; tail 43.3–44.2% TL; predorsal-fin length 40.7–45.4% HL; snout length 11.3–13.1% HL; body pale brown, head without distinct dark bands after preservation; lateral-line pores anterior to anus 114–118; total vertebrae 207–216, mean vertebral formula 2-116-212; and dorsal-fin origin before middle of head.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
Two new species of the snake eel genus Bascanichthys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the northwestern Pacific
PISCESICHTHYOLOGYTAXONOMYELOPOMORPHATAIWANRYUKYU ISLANDSESTUARYAbstractTwo new species of the elongate snake eel genus Bascanichthys are described from the northwestern Pacific. Bascanichthys kabeyawan sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen collected from estuary of southern Taiwan. It is characterized by having head 4.6% TL; tail 52.3% TL; body depth at gill opening 1.1% TL; predorsal-fin length 58.4% HL; snout length 10.9% HL; body bicolored, head without bands; lateral-line pores anterior to anus 104; vertebral formula 4-103-224. Bascanichthys ryukyuensis sp. nov. is described based on two specimens collected from the shallow water of Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan. It is characterized by having head 3.7–4.3% TL; tail 43.3–44.2% TL; predorsal-fin length 40.7–45.4% HL; snout length 11.3–13.1% HL; body pale brown, head without distinct dark bands after preservation; lateral-line pores anterior to anus 114–118; total vertebrae 207–216, mean vertebral formula 2-116-212; and dorsal-fin origin before middle of head.
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A new species of gobiid fish Lentipes niasensis (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) from Nias Island, Indonesia
PISCESLENTIPESNEW SPECIESTAXONOMYNIAS ISLANDINDONESIAAbstractA new species of goby of the subfamily Sicydiinae, Lentipes niasensis, is described from the stream of Humogo River, Nias Island, Indonesia. This species can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of features: (1) fin ray counts: D2 I/10; A I/10; P 17–18; D1 not connected to D2 in either sex. (2) squamation: LR 7–11; anterior half of body naked, lateral body scales present from 5–6th rays of second dorsal-fin to hypural, embedded in skin. (3) upper jaw teeth in male 14–19 and in female 33–38. (4) urogenital papilla in male slender and distally pointed, flanked by pair of associated fleshy lobes and not retractable into sheath–like groove. (5) distinctive colour pattern of male: upper lip greyish, red patches on the pectoral-fin base, on mid-body below origin of second dorsal-fin and at caudal peduncle.
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5189.1.6
PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
A new freshwater gobiid species of Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from northern Taiwan
PISCESNEW GOBYFRESHWATER FISHRHINOGOBIUSFISH FAUNATAIWANAbstractA new freshwater rhinogoby has been collected and surveyed from northern Taiwan. The new species, Rhinogobius yangminshanensis n. sp. with fluvial life history can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of features: (1) fin rays: second dorsal fin rays I/9; anal fin rays I/8; pectoral fin rays modally 16; (2) squamation: longitudinal scale series 28–30 (modally 29); perdorsal scales 9–10 (modally 9); (4) vertebral count 27; (5) rear edge of mouth: merely extending to vertical of anterior margin of pupil in male and (6) specific colouration: lateral side with 6–7 longitudinal rows of bright orange to orange red spots in male which general size about 1/2 of pupil diameter. Cheek and opercle with 24–35 orange spots in male. Branchiostegal membrane with many minute orange spots in male. Caudal fin with distally orange zone in male with about 3 vertical rows of orange or orange red spots. First dorsal fin with broad orange band on distally 1/3 area. A middle black spot in abterior first dorsal fin. Pectoral fin with two rows red orange spots in male. The phylogenetic comparisons have revealed that the great mitogenetic differences of R. yangminshanensis with all other congeneric species and sister species would be R. rubromaculatus in Taiwan. A diagnostic key to all valid species of Rhinogobius from Taiwan is also provided.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-09-23
A new freshwater gobiid species of Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from northern Taiwan
PISCESNEW GOBYFRESHWATER FISHRHINOGOBIUSFISH FAUNATAIWANAbstractA new freshwater rhinogoby has been collected and surveyed from northern Taiwan. The new species, Rhinogobius yangminshanensis n. sp. with fluvial life history can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of features: (1) fin rays: second dorsal fin rays I/9; anal fin rays I/8; pectoral fin rays modally 16; (2) squamation: longitudinal scale series 28–30 (modally 29); perdorsal scales 9–10 (modally 9); (4) vertebral count 27; (5) rear edge of mouth: merely extending to vertical of anterior margin of pupil in male and (6) specific colouration: lateral side with 6–7 longitudinal rows of bright orange to orange red spots in male which general size about 1/2 of pupil diameter. Cheek and opercle with 24–35 orange spots in male. Branchiostegal membrane with many minute orange spots in male. Caudal fin with distally orange zone in male with about 3 vertical rows of orange or orange red spots. First dorsal fin with broad orange band on distally 1/3 area. A middle black spot in abterior first dorsal fin. Pectoral fin with two rows red orange spots in male. The phylogenetic comparisons have revealed that the great mitogenetic differences of R. yangminshanensis with all other congeneric species and sister species would be R. rubromaculatus in Taiwan. A diagnostic key to all valid species of Rhinogobius from Taiwan is also provided.
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Description of three new species previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) or Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 and a re-description of S. bengalensis (Chordata, Osteichthyes, Clupeiformes, Engraulidae)
Harutaka Hata, Sébastien Lavoué, Hiroyuki MotomuraAbstractExamination of numerous specimens characterised by predorsal scute, long maxilla, indented preopercle and pelvic scute lacking a spine and previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) or Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933, revealed four distinct species, true S. bengalensis (distributed from the Bay of Bengal to Pakistan) and three new species, viz., Stolephorus eldorado sp. nov. (Taiwan to Java, Indonesia), Stolephorus diabolus sp. nov. (Strait of Malacca, from Penang , Malaysia, to Singapore) and Stolephorus eclipsis sp. nov. (Bintan Island, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia). Characters separating the four species include numbers of gill rakers on each gill arch and vertebrae and pelvic fin and dorsal-fin ray lengths. Two molecular markers (mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I genes) demonstrated the distinction of three of the species examined morphologically and enabled a reconstruction of their phylogenetic relationships. Each species was genetically divergent from the others by 3.5%–7.7% mean uncorrected distance in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene.
KeywordsActinopterygii, Clupeomorpha, phylogenetics, Stolephorus tri, taxonomy
IntroductionThe anchovy genus Stolephorus Lacepède, 1803 (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae), diagnosed by the presence of prepelvic scutes and an embedded urohyal and lack of postpelvic scutes, currently includes 37 valid species that preferentially inhabit marine and/or estuarine waters in the Indo-Pacific region (Wongratana 1983, 1987a, b; Whitehead et al. 1988; Wongratana et al. 1999; Kimura et al. 2009; Hata and Motomura 2018a, b, c, d, e, 2021a, b, c, 2022; Hata et al. 2019, 2020a, b, 2021; Gangan et al. 2020). Amongst them, species with a predorsal scute, paired dark lines on the dorsum behind the dorsal fin, a long maxilla (posterior tip well beyond the preopercle posterior margin), the preopercle posterior margin concave and pelvic scute without a posteriorly projecting spine (Fig. 1) are regarded as Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 by Whitehead et al. (1988), who reviewed the genus. Hata et al. (2019) revised the taxonomy of seven nominal species of Stolephorus, treating Whitehead et al.’s (1988) S. insularis as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) and regarding the nominal species S. insularis as a junior synonym of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852). However, subsequent re-examination of specimens, identified as S. bengalensis, in fact revealed the presence of four species.
Figure 1. Diagnostic characters of species previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis A lateral view of whole body B dorsal-fin origin (triangle indicates predorsal scute, located just anterior to dorsal-fin origin) C dorsal view of dorsum behind dorsal fin (triangle indicates paired dark lines) D lateral surface of head (triangle indicates posterior tip of maxilla, posteriorly well beyond posterior margin of pre-opercle) E pre-opercle with concave posterior margin (supramaxilla removed) and F ventral view of pelvic fin (triangle indicates pelvic scute, lacking spine) (A KAUM–I. 94521, paratype of S. eldorado sp. nov. in fresh condition, 43.4 mm SL, Ha Long Bay, northern Vietnam B, E, F KAUM–I. 113148, paratype of S. eldorado sp. nov., 55.3 mm SL, Ke-tzu-liao, south-western Taiwan C ZUMT 62056, paratype of S. diabolus sp. nov., 38.4 mm SL, Singapore D KAUM–I. 94509, paratype of S. eldorado sp. nov., 41.4 mm SL, Ha Long Bay, northern Vietnam) (B, D, E and F alizarin stain).
The aim of this study is to re-describe S. bengalensis and describe three new species of Stolephorus from specimens previously regarded as S. insularis or S. bengalensis. In addition to the morphological comparisons, complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences from 31 specimens were used to estimate the genetic distinction of three of the latter (the fourth species unavailable) plus one unidentified, but related species from Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia (Nuryanto et al. 2017).
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Harutaka Hata, Sébastien Lavoué, Hiroyuki MotomuraAbstractExamination of numerous specimens characterised by predorsal scute, long maxilla, indented preopercle and pelvic scute lacking a spine and previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) or Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933, revealed four distinct species, true S. bengalensis (distributed from the Bay of Bengal to Pakistan) and three new species, viz., Stolephorus eldorado sp. nov. (Taiwan to Java, Indonesia), Stolephorus diabolus sp. nov. (Strait of Malacca, from Penang , Malaysia, to Singapore) and Stolephorus eclipsis sp. nov. (Bintan Island, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia). Characters separating the four species include numbers of gill rakers on each gill arch and vertebrae and pelvic fin and dorsal-fin ray lengths. Two molecular markers (mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I genes) demonstrated the distinction of three of the species examined morphologically and enabled a reconstruction of their phylogenetic relationships. Each species was genetically divergent from the others by 3.5%–7.7% mean uncorrected distance in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene.
KeywordsActinopterygii, Clupeomorpha, phylogenetics, Stolephorus tri, taxonomy
IntroductionThe anchovy genus Stolephorus Lacepède, 1803 (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae), diagnosed by the presence of prepelvic scutes and an embedded urohyal and lack of postpelvic scutes, currently includes 37 valid species that preferentially inhabit marine and/or estuarine waters in the Indo-Pacific region (Wongratana 1983, 1987a, b; Whitehead et al. 1988; Wongratana et al. 1999; Kimura et al. 2009; Hata and Motomura 2018a, b, c, d, e, 2021a, b, c, 2022; Hata et al. 2019, 2020a, b, 2021; Gangan et al. 2020). Amongst them, species with a predorsal scute, paired dark lines on the dorsum behind the dorsal fin, a long maxilla (posterior tip well beyond the preopercle posterior margin), the preopercle posterior margin concave and pelvic scute without a posteriorly projecting spine (Fig. 1) are regarded as Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 by Whitehead et al. (1988), who reviewed the genus. Hata et al. (2019) revised the taxonomy of seven nominal species of Stolephorus, treating Whitehead et al.’s (1988) S. insularis as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) and regarding the nominal species S. insularis as a junior synonym of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852). However, subsequent re-examination of specimens, identified as S. bengalensis, in fact revealed the presence of four species.
Figure 1. Diagnostic characters of species previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis A lateral view of whole body B dorsal-fin origin (triangle indicates predorsal scute, located just anterior to dorsal-fin origin) C dorsal view of dorsum behind dorsal fin (triangle indicates paired dark lines) D lateral surface of head (triangle indicates posterior tip of maxilla, posteriorly well beyond posterior margin of pre-opercle) E pre-opercle with concave posterior margin (supramaxilla removed) and F ventral view of pelvic fin (triangle indicates pelvic scute, lacking spine) (A KAUM–I. 94521, paratype of S. eldorado sp. nov. in fresh condition, 43.4 mm SL, Ha Long Bay, northern Vietnam B, E, F KAUM–I. 113148, paratype of S. eldorado sp. nov., 55.3 mm SL, Ke-tzu-liao, south-western Taiwan C ZUMT 62056, paratype of S. diabolus sp. nov., 38.4 mm SL, Singapore D KAUM–I. 94509, paratype of S. eldorado sp. nov., 41.4 mm SL, Ha Long Bay, northern Vietnam) (B, D, E and F alizarin stain).
The aim of this study is to re-describe S. bengalensis and describe three new species of Stolephorus from specimens previously regarded as S. insularis or S. bengalensis. In addition to the morphological comparisons, complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences from 31 specimens were used to estimate the genetic distinction of three of the latter (the fourth species unavailable) plus one unidentified, but related species from Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia (Nuryanto et al. 2017).
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On the Identity of the Banded Gourami Trichogaster fasciata (Perciformes: Osphronemidae) with Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Trichopodus bejeus
Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider, 1801,
Trichogaster bejeus (Hamilton, 1822)
in Knight, Nallathambi, Vijayakrishnan & Jayasimhan, 2022.
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15191
facebook.com: Praveenraj Jayasimhan
Abstract
Based on its original description and putative topotypes, the identity of the banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata is resolved. Trichogaster lalia is a synonym of T. fasciata, and the name Trichogaster bejeus is applied to the species hitherto identified as T. fasciata. T. fasciata is distinguished from its congeners in the shape of caudal fin, colouration, lip morphology and meristic and mensural characters.
Keywords: Colisa gourami, Osphronemidae, taxonomy, Trichogaster fasciata, Trichogaster lalia, Trichogaster bejeus
Trichogaster fasciata
Trichogaster bejeus
J. D. Marcus Knight, Moulitharan Nallathambi, Balaji Vijayakrishnan and Praveenraj Jayasimhan. 2022. On the Identity of the Banded Gourami Trichogaster fasciata with Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Trichopodus bejeus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae). Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15191
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Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider, 1801,
Trichogaster bejeus (Hamilton, 1822)
in Knight, Nallathambi, Vijayakrishnan & Jayasimhan, 2022.
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15191
facebook.com: Praveenraj Jayasimhan
Abstract
Based on its original description and putative topotypes, the identity of the banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata is resolved. Trichogaster lalia is a synonym of T. fasciata, and the name Trichogaster bejeus is applied to the species hitherto identified as T. fasciata. T. fasciata is distinguished from its congeners in the shape of caudal fin, colouration, lip morphology and meristic and mensural characters.
Keywords: Colisa gourami, Osphronemidae, taxonomy, Trichogaster fasciata, Trichogaster lalia, Trichogaster bejeus
Trichogaster fasciata
Trichogaster bejeus
J. D. Marcus Knight, Moulitharan Nallathambi, Balaji Vijayakrishnan and Praveenraj Jayasimhan. 2022. On the Identity of the Banded Gourami Trichogaster fasciata with Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Trichopodus bejeus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae). Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15191
facebook.com/PraveenRaj39750121/posts/5631892513515719
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A new species of deep-water Lethrinops (Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi ( Lethrinops atrilabris )
George F. Turner
First published: 04 September 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15208
This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15208.
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SHAREAbstractA new species of cichlid fish, Lethrinops atrilabris is described from specimens collected by trawling at a depth of around 90m off Monkey Bay, southern Lake Malawi. It is assigned to the genus Lethrinops on the basis of its vertical flank barring, lack of enlarged cephalic lateral line canal pores and the form of the lower jaw dental arcade. It can be distinguished from congeneric species by its male breeding dress of contrasting flank barring and dark ventral surface, most strikingly on the lips, throat and chest, its relatively small known maximum size (<75mm SL), large eyes (38-41% head length), laterally compressed body (depth 2.5-2.7 times max head width) and lower gillraker count (13-14).
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George F. Turner
First published: 04 September 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15208
This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15208.
TOOLS
SHAREAbstractA new species of cichlid fish, Lethrinops atrilabris is described from specimens collected by trawling at a depth of around 90m off Monkey Bay, southern Lake Malawi. It is assigned to the genus Lethrinops on the basis of its vertical flank barring, lack of enlarged cephalic lateral line canal pores and the form of the lower jaw dental arcade. It can be distinguished from congeneric species by its male breeding dress of contrasting flank barring and dark ventral surface, most strikingly on the lips, throat and chest, its relatively small known maximum size (<75mm SL), large eyes (38-41% head length), laterally compressed body (depth 2.5-2.7 times max head width) and lower gillraker count (13-14).
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A new species of Geophagus (Teleostei: Cichlidae): naming a cichlid species widely known in the Aquarium hobby as “Geophagus sp. Tapajos Red head” (Geophagus sensu stricto)
Junior Chuctaya,Pedro Nitschke,Marcelo C. Andrade,Juliana Wingert,Luiz R. Malabarba
First published: 04 September 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15207
This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15207.
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SHAREABSTRACTA new species of Geophagus sensu stricto is described from the Tapajos River basin, Brazil, elevating the number of species of the genus to 21. The new species is of commercial importance and is known in the aquarist trade as Geophagus “red head”. The new species is diagnosed using an integrative approach, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis along with morphological evidence. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of markings on head, the bar pattern composed by nine vertical bars on flanks, and the presence of distinct longitudinal bands in the caudal fin. Additionally, it shows a genetic distance of at least 2.0% in cytochrome-b gene sequences from its closest congeners. Molecular analysis including most genera of Cichlidae from South America corroborates that the new species belongs to the group of Geophagus sensu stricto.
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Junior Chuctaya,Pedro Nitschke,Marcelo C. Andrade,Juliana Wingert,Luiz R. Malabarba
First published: 04 September 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15207
This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15207.
TOOLS
SHAREABSTRACTA new species of Geophagus sensu stricto is described from the Tapajos River basin, Brazil, elevating the number of species of the genus to 21. The new species is of commercial importance and is known in the aquarist trade as Geophagus “red head”. The new species is diagnosed using an integrative approach, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis along with morphological evidence. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of markings on head, the bar pattern composed by nine vertical bars on flanks, and the presence of distinct longitudinal bands in the caudal fin. Additionally, it shows a genetic distance of at least 2.0% in cytochrome-b gene sequences from its closest congeners. Molecular analysis including most genera of Cichlidae from South America corroborates that the new species belongs to the group of Geophagus sensu stricto.
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31 August 2022
Environmental Factors in Spawning of Wild Devils Hole Pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)
Ambre L. Chaudoin, Olin G. Feuerbacher, Scott A. Bonar, Paul J. Barrett
Author Affiliations +
Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110(3):502-510 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2020053
AbstractThe sole wild population of the endangered Devils Hole Pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis, has declined to fewer than 40 individuals twice since 2006, prompting increased recovery efforts. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Devils Hole Pupfish recovery plan stipulates two reproducing captive populations, though, historically, propagation efforts have yielded little success. To address information deficits in reproductive behavior and ecology, from February–December 2010 we investigated environmental factors associated with spawning activity of C. diabolis in Devils Hole, Nevada, USA. An underwater camera continuously monitored a portion of a shallow, submerged rock shelf used for spawning. Select biotic, abiotic, and physico-chemical parameters were monitored continuously throughout the year. Water level and precipitation data provided by the U.S. National Park Service identified disturbances from earthquake-induced seiches and storm-induced flash floods. Zero-inflated Poisson regression provided a model with 28% predictive power with algal cover, light energy, and seiches as the three strongest predictors among tested factors in spawning behavior of C. diabolis in the wild.
Environmental Factors in Spawning of Wild Devils Hole Pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)
Ambre L. Chaudoin, Olin G. Feuerbacher, Scott A. Bonar, Paul J. Barrett
Author Affiliations +
Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110(3):502-510 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2020053
AbstractThe sole wild population of the endangered Devils Hole Pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis, has declined to fewer than 40 individuals twice since 2006, prompting increased recovery efforts. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Devils Hole Pupfish recovery plan stipulates two reproducing captive populations, though, historically, propagation efforts have yielded little success. To address information deficits in reproductive behavior and ecology, from February–December 2010 we investigated environmental factors associated with spawning activity of C. diabolis in Devils Hole, Nevada, USA. An underwater camera continuously monitored a portion of a shallow, submerged rock shelf used for spawning. Select biotic, abiotic, and physico-chemical parameters were monitored continuously throughout the year. Water level and precipitation data provided by the U.S. National Park Service identified disturbances from earthquake-induced seiches and storm-induced flash floods. Zero-inflated Poisson regression provided a model with 28% predictive power with algal cover, light energy, and seiches as the three strongest predictors among tested factors in spawning behavior of C. diabolis in the wild.
A new species of air-breathing catfish (Clariidae: Clarias) from Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo (American Museum novitates, no. 3990)
Bernt, Maxwell J.; Stiassny, Melanie L. J.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/7304
Date: 2022-08-30Abstract:A new species of air-breathing catfish, Clarias monsembulai, is described from Congo River tributaries within and bordering the Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The new taxon is recognized by its exceptionally long, white barbels, which lend a superficial resemblance to Clarias buthupogon, from which it differs in characters of the cleithrum and pigmentation patterning. We suggest placement of this species into the subgenus Clarioides but note the current dearth of morphological data to unite members of this group. We additionally discuss the validity of the subspecies Clarias angolensis macronema.Show full item record
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Bernt, Maxwell J.; Stiassny, Melanie L. J.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/7304
Date: 2022-08-30Abstract:A new species of air-breathing catfish, Clarias monsembulai, is described from Congo River tributaries within and bordering the Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The new taxon is recognized by its exceptionally long, white barbels, which lend a superficial resemblance to Clarias buthupogon, from which it differs in characters of the cleithrum and pigmentation patterning. We suggest placement of this species into the subgenus Clarioides but note the current dearth of morphological data to unite members of this group. We additionally discuss the validity of the subspecies Clarias angolensis macronema.Show full item record
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NEWS RELEASE 16-AUG-2022Fish "chock-full" of antifreeze protein found in iceberg habitats off GreenlandSnailfish study reveals highest expression levels of antifreeze proteins ever reported, underscoring the importance of unique adaptation in sub-zero waters and hinting at shifting biodiversity as ice caps warm
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
IMAGE: A JUVENILE LIPARIS GIBBUS IMAGED UNDER WHITE LIGHT view more
CREDIT: © J. SPARKS, D. GRUBER
New research based on an expedition to the icy waters off Greenland reveals soaring levels of antifreeze proteins in a species of tiny snailfish, underlying the importance of this unique adaptation to life in sub-zero temperatures. The study, led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural History and the City University of New York (CUNY), and published today in the journal Evolutionary Bioinformatics, also warns that warming oceanic temperatures in the Arctic could pose a threat to these highly specialized fishes.
“Similar to how antifreeze in your car keeps the water in your radiator from freezing in cold temperatures, some animals have evolved amazing machinery that prevent them from freezing, such as antifreeze proteins, which prevent ice crystals from forming,” said David Gruber, a research associate at the Museum and a distinguished biology professor at CUNY’s Baruch College. “We already knew that this tiny snailfish, which lives in extremely cold waters, produced antifreeze proteins, but we didn’t realize just how chock-full of those proteins it is—and the amount of effort it was putting into making these proteins.”
The icy waters of polar oceans are an extreme environment for marine life, limiting inhabitants to those with mechanisms to cope with freezing temperatures. Unlike some species of reptiles and insects, fishes cannot survive even partial freezing of their body fluids, so they depend on antifreeze proteins, made primarily in the liver, to prevent the formation of large ice grains inside their cells and body fluids. The ability of fishes to make these specialized proteins was discovered nearly 50 years ago, and scientists have since determined that antifreeze proteins are made from five different gene families.
Gruber and co-author John Sparks, a curator in the Museum’s Department of Ichthyology, decided to investigate the antifreeze proteins of the juvenile variegated snailfish, Liparis gibbus, after encountering a separate exceptional ability of the tiny fish—biofluorescence. In 2019, as part of a Constantine. S. Niarchos Expedition, Sparks and Gruber were exploring the iceberg habitats off the coast of Eastern Greenland when they found a juvenile variegated snailfish glowing in green and red. Biofluorescence, the ability to convert blue light into green, red, or yellow light, is rare among Arctic fishes—where there are prolonged periods of darkness—and the snailfish remains the only polar fish reported to biofluoresce.
Upon further investigation of the biofluorescent properties of snailfish, the researchers found two different types of gene families encoding for antifreeze proteins. The snailfish genes have the highest expression levels of antifreeze proteins ever observed, highlighting their importance to these animals’ survival and sending up a red flag about how they might fare in warming environmental conditions.
“Since the mid-20th century, temperatures have increased twice as fast in the Arctic as in mid-latitudes and some studies predict that if Arctic sea ice decline continues at this current rate, in the summer the Arctic Ocean will be mostly ice-free within the next three decades,” Sparks said. “Arctic seas do not support a high diversity of fish species, and our study hypothesizes that with increasingly warming oceanic temperatures, ice-dwelling specialists such as this snailfish may encounter increased competition by more temperate species that were previously unable to survive at these higher northern latitudes.”
Other authors on this study include John Burns, American Museum of Natural History and the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; Jean Gaffney, CUNY; and Mercer Brugler, American Museum of Natural History and the University of South Carolina Beaufort.
This research was generously supported by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation through an AMNH Constantine S. Niarchos Expedition grant.
A video about the 2019 Constantine S. Niarchos Expedition that resulted in these findings can be viewed here.
ABOUT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (AMNH)
The American Museum of Natural History, founded in 1869, is one of the world’s preeminent scientific, educational, and cultural institutions. The Museum encompasses more than 40 permanent exhibition halls, including those in the Rose Center for Earth and Space plus the Hayden Planetarium, as well as galleries for temporary exhibitions. The Museum’s scientists draw on a world-class research collection of more than 34 million artifacts and specimens, some of which are billions of years old, and on one of the largest natural history libraries in the world. Through its Richard Gilder Graduate School, the Museum grants the Ph.D. degree in Comparative Biology and the Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) degree, the only such free-standing, degree-granting programs at any museum in the United States. The Museum’s website, digital videos, and apps for mobile devices bring its collections, exhibitions, and educational programs to millions more around the world. Visit amnh.org for more information.
JOURNALEvolutionary Bioinformatics
DOI10.1177/11769343221118347
METHOD OF RESEARCHObservational study
SUBJECT OF RESEARCHAnimals
ARTICLE TITLETranscriptomics of a Greenlandic Snailfish Reveals Exceptionally High Expression of Antifreeze Protein Transcripts
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE16-Aug-2022
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.
==========================
.
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
IMAGE: A JUVENILE LIPARIS GIBBUS IMAGED UNDER WHITE LIGHT view more
CREDIT: © J. SPARKS, D. GRUBER
New research based on an expedition to the icy waters off Greenland reveals soaring levels of antifreeze proteins in a species of tiny snailfish, underlying the importance of this unique adaptation to life in sub-zero temperatures. The study, led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural History and the City University of New York (CUNY), and published today in the journal Evolutionary Bioinformatics, also warns that warming oceanic temperatures in the Arctic could pose a threat to these highly specialized fishes.
“Similar to how antifreeze in your car keeps the water in your radiator from freezing in cold temperatures, some animals have evolved amazing machinery that prevent them from freezing, such as antifreeze proteins, which prevent ice crystals from forming,” said David Gruber, a research associate at the Museum and a distinguished biology professor at CUNY’s Baruch College. “We already knew that this tiny snailfish, which lives in extremely cold waters, produced antifreeze proteins, but we didn’t realize just how chock-full of those proteins it is—and the amount of effort it was putting into making these proteins.”
The icy waters of polar oceans are an extreme environment for marine life, limiting inhabitants to those with mechanisms to cope with freezing temperatures. Unlike some species of reptiles and insects, fishes cannot survive even partial freezing of their body fluids, so they depend on antifreeze proteins, made primarily in the liver, to prevent the formation of large ice grains inside their cells and body fluids. The ability of fishes to make these specialized proteins was discovered nearly 50 years ago, and scientists have since determined that antifreeze proteins are made from five different gene families.
Gruber and co-author John Sparks, a curator in the Museum’s Department of Ichthyology, decided to investigate the antifreeze proteins of the juvenile variegated snailfish, Liparis gibbus, after encountering a separate exceptional ability of the tiny fish—biofluorescence. In 2019, as part of a Constantine. S. Niarchos Expedition, Sparks and Gruber were exploring the iceberg habitats off the coast of Eastern Greenland when they found a juvenile variegated snailfish glowing in green and red. Biofluorescence, the ability to convert blue light into green, red, or yellow light, is rare among Arctic fishes—where there are prolonged periods of darkness—and the snailfish remains the only polar fish reported to biofluoresce.
Upon further investigation of the biofluorescent properties of snailfish, the researchers found two different types of gene families encoding for antifreeze proteins. The snailfish genes have the highest expression levels of antifreeze proteins ever observed, highlighting their importance to these animals’ survival and sending up a red flag about how they might fare in warming environmental conditions.
“Since the mid-20th century, temperatures have increased twice as fast in the Arctic as in mid-latitudes and some studies predict that if Arctic sea ice decline continues at this current rate, in the summer the Arctic Ocean will be mostly ice-free within the next three decades,” Sparks said. “Arctic seas do not support a high diversity of fish species, and our study hypothesizes that with increasingly warming oceanic temperatures, ice-dwelling specialists such as this snailfish may encounter increased competition by more temperate species that were previously unable to survive at these higher northern latitudes.”
Other authors on this study include John Burns, American Museum of Natural History and the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; Jean Gaffney, CUNY; and Mercer Brugler, American Museum of Natural History and the University of South Carolina Beaufort.
This research was generously supported by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation through an AMNH Constantine S. Niarchos Expedition grant.
A video about the 2019 Constantine S. Niarchos Expedition that resulted in these findings can be viewed here.
ABOUT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (AMNH)
The American Museum of Natural History, founded in 1869, is one of the world’s preeminent scientific, educational, and cultural institutions. The Museum encompasses more than 40 permanent exhibition halls, including those in the Rose Center for Earth and Space plus the Hayden Planetarium, as well as galleries for temporary exhibitions. The Museum’s scientists draw on a world-class research collection of more than 34 million artifacts and specimens, some of which are billions of years old, and on one of the largest natural history libraries in the world. Through its Richard Gilder Graduate School, the Museum grants the Ph.D. degree in Comparative Biology and the Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) degree, the only such free-standing, degree-granting programs at any museum in the United States. The Museum’s website, digital videos, and apps for mobile devices bring its collections, exhibitions, and educational programs to millions more around the world. Visit amnh.org for more information.
JOURNALEvolutionary Bioinformatics
DOI10.1177/11769343221118347
METHOD OF RESEARCHObservational study
SUBJECT OF RESEARCHAnimals
ARTICLE TITLETranscriptomics of a Greenlandic Snailfish Reveals Exceptionally High Expression of Antifreeze Protein Transcripts
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE16-Aug-2022
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.
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Observations on growth rate and allometry in the seasonal predatory killifish Nothobranchius ocellatus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
PISCESTANZANIARUVU AND RUFIJI DRAINAGESMORPHOMETRYMATURATIONSTATISTICSHOLOTYPENEOTYPEAbstractDuring the course of a taxonomic study involving Nothobranchius ocellatus, a fast-growing seasonal killifish of predatory behaviour, important morphometric differences were observed between the original measurements of the lost holotype and the neotype and additional available material of the species. In a laboratory study, the total length (TL) of selected specimens was measured from hatching and, during the sub-adult to sexually mature young adult phase, from 37 to 84 days age, subjected to an additional suite of detailed morphometric measurements. Growth rate was relatively rapid and linear at 1.3–1.4 mm/day through the first phase to sexual maturity at 7–8 weeks, followed by a marked flattening of the growth curve with, from 14 weeks, rates of only about 1.0 mm/week in males and 0.6 mm/week in females. Under captive conditions, maximum TL for adult male specimens ranged from 101 to 116 mm and 88 to 102 mm for females. Analyses of the morphometric character measurements made during the 37–84 day development phase showed allometric shape changes, primarily seen in body depth, head length and several other measures of head features, proportions of caudal peduncle, and length of fin bases. These changes are most prominently seen in males and changes in head proportions are important in relation to the predatory behaviour of the species. Morphometric differences between the immature holotype and the newly available material, including the neotype, are consistent with allometric shape variation, particularly in males of this species. Considering the seasonal life cycle common to all Nothobranchius species, and similar growth patterns, it is likely that allometric growth has broad relevance within the genus, suggesting it is a factor that should be taken into account in taxonomic endeavours, especially when the number of study specimens is limited.
Mustura yangi
The Extinct Shark Otodus megalodon was A Transoceanic Superpredator: Inferences from 3D Modeling
Otodus megalodon
in Cooper, Hutchinson, Bernvi, et al. 2022.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9424
Abstract
Although shark teeth are abundant in the fossil record, their bodies are rarely preserved. Thus, our understanding of the anatomy of the extinct Otodus megalodon remains rudimentary. We used an exceptionally well-preserved fossil to create the first three-dimensional model of the body of this giant shark and used it to infer its movement and feeding ecology. We estimate that an adult O. megalodon could cruise at faster absolute speeds than any shark species today and fully consume prey the size of modern apex predators. A dietary preference for large prey potentially enabled O. megalodon to minimize competition and provided a constant source of energy to fuel prolonged migrations without further feeding. Together, our results suggest that O. megalodon played an important ecological role as a transoceanic superpredator. Hence, its extinction likely had large impacts on global nutrient transfer and trophic food webs.
Jack A. Cooper, John R. Hutchinson, David C. Bernvi, Geremy Cliff, Rory P. Wilson, Matt L. Dicken, Jan Menzel, Stephen Wroe, et al. 2022. The Extinct Shark Otodus megalodon was A Transoceanic Superpredator: Inferences from 3D Modeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES. 8(33); DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9424
twitter.com/PimientoGroup/status/1559964642595803136
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Otodus megalodon
in Cooper, Hutchinson, Bernvi, et al. 2022.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9424
Abstract
Although shark teeth are abundant in the fossil record, their bodies are rarely preserved. Thus, our understanding of the anatomy of the extinct Otodus megalodon remains rudimentary. We used an exceptionally well-preserved fossil to create the first three-dimensional model of the body of this giant shark and used it to infer its movement and feeding ecology. We estimate that an adult O. megalodon could cruise at faster absolute speeds than any shark species today and fully consume prey the size of modern apex predators. A dietary preference for large prey potentially enabled O. megalodon to minimize competition and provided a constant source of energy to fuel prolonged migrations without further feeding. Together, our results suggest that O. megalodon played an important ecological role as a transoceanic superpredator. Hence, its extinction likely had large impacts on global nutrient transfer and trophic food webs.
Jack A. Cooper, John R. Hutchinson, David C. Bernvi, Geremy Cliff, Rory P. Wilson, Matt L. Dicken, Jan Menzel, Stephen Wroe, et al. 2022. The Extinct Shark Otodus megalodon was A Transoceanic Superpredator: Inferences from 3D Modeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES. 8(33); DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9424
twitter.com/PimientoGroup/status/1559964642595803136
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Kaykay lafken • A New Pachycormiformes (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of Gondwana sheds light on the Evolutionary History of the Group
Kaykay lafken
Gouiric-Cavalli & Arratia, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382
twitter.com/JournalSystPal
Abstract
As part of the transition from Holostei to Teleostei, †Pachycormiformes represent a key group of fishes. However, the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the group in the context of the neopterygians are far from being understood. In this contribution we describe a new pachycormiform, †Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina. We made an exhaustive review of morphological characters of holostean and teleostean fishes and explore through a cladistic analysis the phylogenetic relationships of the new species. †Kaykay gen. nov. is retrieved among †Pachycormiformes as being the sister taxon of the macrocarnivorous clade composed of †Orthocormus and †Hypsocormus. Among †Pachycormiformes the pattern of relationships mostly agrees with previous hypotheses, although our study highlights the still poor knowledge of the anatomy of this group. According to our results †Saurostomus is the sister taxon of other toothed pachycormids. †Orthocormus species are recovered as a monophyletic group. The unsolved position of †Pachycormus and †Sauropsis might be a consequence of poor preservation, revealing a lack of understanding of their anatomy. Our phylogenetic analysis also confirms the rapid radiation of holosteans and teleosteomorphs in the Early Triassic and the radiation of pholidophoriforms in the Middle Triassic. †Aspidorhynchoidei radiate in the Early Jurassic. The large ghost ranges (e.g. between †Aspidorhynchoidei and Teleosteomorpha) evidence biases in the fossil record.
Keywords: anatomy, systematics, taxonomy, teleosteomorphs, phylogeny, South America
Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov.,
Soledad Gouiric-Cavalli and Gloria Arratia. 2021. A New †Pachycormiformes (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of Gondwana sheds light on the Evolutionary History of the Group. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19(21); 1517-1550 [29 Apr 2022] DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382
twitter.com/JournalSystPal/status/1540255620363915265
www.conicet.gov.ar/reportan-el-hallazgo-de-un-nuevo-pez-perteneciente-a-un-grupo-extinto/
==========================
Kaykay lafken
Gouiric-Cavalli & Arratia, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382
twitter.com/JournalSystPal
Abstract
As part of the transition from Holostei to Teleostei, †Pachycormiformes represent a key group of fishes. However, the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the group in the context of the neopterygians are far from being understood. In this contribution we describe a new pachycormiform, †Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina. We made an exhaustive review of morphological characters of holostean and teleostean fishes and explore through a cladistic analysis the phylogenetic relationships of the new species. †Kaykay gen. nov. is retrieved among †Pachycormiformes as being the sister taxon of the macrocarnivorous clade composed of †Orthocormus and †Hypsocormus. Among †Pachycormiformes the pattern of relationships mostly agrees with previous hypotheses, although our study highlights the still poor knowledge of the anatomy of this group. According to our results †Saurostomus is the sister taxon of other toothed pachycormids. †Orthocormus species are recovered as a monophyletic group. The unsolved position of †Pachycormus and †Sauropsis might be a consequence of poor preservation, revealing a lack of understanding of their anatomy. Our phylogenetic analysis also confirms the rapid radiation of holosteans and teleosteomorphs in the Early Triassic and the radiation of pholidophoriforms in the Middle Triassic. †Aspidorhynchoidei radiate in the Early Jurassic. The large ghost ranges (e.g. between †Aspidorhynchoidei and Teleosteomorpha) evidence biases in the fossil record.
Keywords: anatomy, systematics, taxonomy, teleosteomorphs, phylogeny, South America
Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov.,
Soledad Gouiric-Cavalli and Gloria Arratia. 2021. A New †Pachycormiformes (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of Gondwana sheds light on the Evolutionary History of the Group. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19(21); 1517-1550 [29 Apr 2022] DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382
twitter.com/JournalSystPal/status/1540255620363915265
www.conicet.gov.ar/reportan-el-hallazgo-de-un-nuevo-pez-perteneciente-a-un-grupo-extinto/
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5175.2.6
PUBLISHED: 2022-08-16
A new species of spiny Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin and costal rivers from Rio de Janeiro State
PISCESBIODIVERSITYLORICARIINAEPARAIBA DO SULCATFISHODONTOIDAbstractAlthough the genus Rineloricaria is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, its species usually occupy single drainages with high habitat fidelity. Rineloricaria species show evident sexual dimorphism with hypertrophied odontodes in sexually mature males. Here, we describe a new species of Rineloricaria present in the Rio Paraiba do Sul basin and coastal rivers in Rio de Janeiro State. The new species has extreme sexual dimorphism making possible to differentiate it from all congeners. The new species can also be separated from other sympatric species by morphometric characteristics and dermal plates pattern.
==========================
PUBLISHED: 2022-08-16
A new species of spiny Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin and costal rivers from Rio de Janeiro State
PISCESBIODIVERSITYLORICARIINAEPARAIBA DO SULCATFISHODONTOIDAbstractAlthough the genus Rineloricaria is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, its species usually occupy single drainages with high habitat fidelity. Rineloricaria species show evident sexual dimorphism with hypertrophied odontodes in sexually mature males. Here, we describe a new species of Rineloricaria present in the Rio Paraiba do Sul basin and coastal rivers in Rio de Janeiro State. The new species has extreme sexual dimorphism making possible to differentiate it from all congeners. The new species can also be separated from other sympatric species by morphometric characteristics and dermal plates pattern.
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Nothobranchius balamaensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from northern Mozambique
- PEDRO H. N. BRAGANÇA+
- DIRK U. BELLSTEDT+
- P. DE WET VAN DER MERWE+
- FENTON P.D. COTTERILL+
- BRIAN R. WATTERS+
- ALBERT CHAKONA+
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Species delineation and systematics of a hemiclonal hybrid complex in Australian freshwaters (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae: Hypseleotris)Christine E. Thacker
,
Daniel L. Geiger
and
Peter J. Unmack
Published:27 July 2022https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220201
Full paper available on link.
==========================
,
Daniel L. Geiger
and
Peter J. Unmack
Published:27 July 2022https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220201
Full paper available on link.
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A new species of toothless, short dorsal-fin Schindleria (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) from the Red Sea (Egypt)
Harald Ahnelt, Vanessa Robitzch, Mohamed Abu El-Regal
Abstract
We describe a new, tiny species of Schindleria from a reef lagoon in the Red Sea off the coast of Hurghada, Egypt. Schindleria edentata, new species, belongs to the short dorsal-fin type of Schindleria, with the dorsal and anal fins of about equal length. Schindleria edentata is characterized by an elongated but relatively deep body (body depth at anal-fin origin 10.8% of SL and at 4th anal-fin ray 10.9 % of SL); a short dorsal fin originating just slightly anterior to the anal fin (predorsal-fin length 60.9% of SL, pre-anal fin length 64.8% of SL); a stubby head with a steep frontal profile, a short snout (i.e., 23.1% of head length), and large eye (i.e., 27.7% of the head’s length); a long pectoral radial plate (length 7.6% of SL); four dorsal and four ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays increasing in length posteriorly; last procurrent ray simple without additional spine and, although the longest, not distinctly elongate; 15 dorsal-fin rays; 13 anal-fin rays; the base of the first anal-fin ray positioned below the base of the third dorsal-fin ray; upper and lower jaws toothless; in vivo with translucent body; eye black; swim bladder capped by a melanophore blotch; no pigmentation externally on body after preservation.
KeywordsGobiiformes, morphology, new species, paedomorphosis, progenesis
IntroductionThe genus Schindleria (Giltay, 1934) (Schindler’s fishes or infant fishes) has a large biogeographic range spanning the entire Indo-Pacific from remote South American islands to East and South African coasts, and from the Red Sea to Japan (summarized in Ahnelt and Sauberer 2020). Often found in and close to coral reef lagoons (Leis 1994; Watson 2000; Robitzch et al. 2021a), also offshore and deep-water records have been documented (Belyanina 1989; Parin 1991; Ahnelt and Sauberer 2020). Schindleria are not only among the smallest vertebrates (8 mm– 22 mm, average ca. 17 mm) but also mature rapidly. Some species reach maturity at an average of 37 days and may produce up to nine generations per year (Kon and Yoshino 2002).
Although individuals of Schindleria are likely among the most numerous fishes associated with coral reefs (Gosline and Brock 1960; Whittle 2003; Robitzch et al. 2021) these tiny gobioids are easily overlooked and frequently mistaken for larval fishes (Bogorodsky and Randall 2019; Robitzch et al. 2021a). Numerous records are based on a few specimens only (Ahnelt and Sauberer 2019, 2020; Robitzch et al. 2021b) and these were often collected as by-catch of other research surveys. Therefore, almost nothing is known about the biology and ecology of Schindleria (Robitzch et al. 2021a). To date, the sister group of Schindleria is still unknown and its position among gobioid fishes is still under debate (e.g., Ahnelt 2020; Abu El-Regal et al., 2021). Originally described as species of Hemirhamphus (Schindler 1930, 1931, 1932), these tiny fishes were reclassified as a new genus, Schindleria, and placed in a new family, Schindleriidae, by Giltay (1934) and demonstrated to belong to the Gobioidei by Johnson & Brothers (1993). However, in two molecular phylogenetic studies Schindleria was resolved within the family Gobiidae (Thacker 2009; Agorreta et al. 2013).
Eight nominal species of Schindleria have been described so far: S. brevipinguis Watson and Walker 2004, S. elongata Fricke and Abu El-Regal 2017, S. macrodentata Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018, S. multidentata Ahnelt 2020, S. nigropunctata Fricke and Abu El-Regal 2017, S. parva Abu El-Regal et al. 2021, S. pietschmanni (Schindler 1931), and S. praematura (Schindler 1930). Yet, this number of species underestimates their true diversity as over 25 unrecognized species of Schindleria were documented during two surveys on the Ryukyu, Ogasawara, and Palau Islands (Western Pacific), where nearly all of them are endemic to one of these islands (Kon et al., 2007, 2011). Based on short generation time and high levels of endemism Kon et al. (2007) suggested that large numbers of species throughout the entire range of the genus have remained undescribed.
Schindleria are extremely progenetic (Johnson and Brothers 1993) and are among the most short-lived vertebrates (Kon and Yoshino 2002, Zák et al. 2021). Adult Schindleria have a reduced larva-like, elongate, translucent, and scaleless body with a straight gut and a characteristic caudal complex (comprising two modified last vertebrae, an extremely elongate urostyle, and fused hypurals forming a triangular plate (Johnson & Brothers 1993) and a pair of elongated muscles on each side of the urostyle) (Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018). Many morphological characteristics important for species-level diagnoses in gobioid fishes, mainly involving features of the pelvic and first dorsal fins, are missing in Schindleria (Schindler 1932; Johnson and Brothers 1993). However, Schindleria species are morphologically more diverse than often assumed, having relatively few but distinct characters, which allow the identification of species (Watson and Walker 2004; Kon et al., 2010; Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018, Ahnelt 2020; Abu El-Regal et al. 2021; Robitzch et al. 2021b). For instance, the relative position of the dorsal and anal fins to each other, the number of their fin rays, the number of myomeres and vertebrae (Schindler 1930, 1931; Kon et al. 2007; Fricke and Abu El-Regal 2017a, b), the shape of the pectoral radial plate, the shape of the last procurrent caudal-fin rays, the shape of the lower jaw arch, and details of the dentition of the oral jaws (Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018; Ahnelt 2019, 2020) are helpful in diagnosing species.
In an attempt to group Schindleria specimens morphologically (Ahnelt 2019; Abu El-Regal et al. 2021), two characters seem most useful: (1) relative length of dorsal and anal fins (Ahnelt 2019, 2020) and (2) dentition (Watson and Walker 2004; Ahnelt 2020). The dentition of the jaws allows distinction of two main groups: species with jaw teeth and species that lack teeth in one or both jaws. In six out of the eight described species of Schindleria, teeth are present on both, the premaxilla and the dentary (Ahnelt 2020). Among the remaining two species of Schindleria, S. parva has a toothless dentary but a toothed premaxilla (Abu El-Regal et al. 2021) and S. brevipinguis lacks teeth in both jaws (Watson and Walker 2004). These two species share a very small size (<12 mm SL and <9 mm, respectively). In the present study we describe another tiny species of Schindleria with toothless jaws.
==========================
Harald Ahnelt, Vanessa Robitzch, Mohamed Abu El-Regal
Abstract
We describe a new, tiny species of Schindleria from a reef lagoon in the Red Sea off the coast of Hurghada, Egypt. Schindleria edentata, new species, belongs to the short dorsal-fin type of Schindleria, with the dorsal and anal fins of about equal length. Schindleria edentata is characterized by an elongated but relatively deep body (body depth at anal-fin origin 10.8% of SL and at 4th anal-fin ray 10.9 % of SL); a short dorsal fin originating just slightly anterior to the anal fin (predorsal-fin length 60.9% of SL, pre-anal fin length 64.8% of SL); a stubby head with a steep frontal profile, a short snout (i.e., 23.1% of head length), and large eye (i.e., 27.7% of the head’s length); a long pectoral radial plate (length 7.6% of SL); four dorsal and four ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays increasing in length posteriorly; last procurrent ray simple without additional spine and, although the longest, not distinctly elongate; 15 dorsal-fin rays; 13 anal-fin rays; the base of the first anal-fin ray positioned below the base of the third dorsal-fin ray; upper and lower jaws toothless; in vivo with translucent body; eye black; swim bladder capped by a melanophore blotch; no pigmentation externally on body after preservation.
KeywordsGobiiformes, morphology, new species, paedomorphosis, progenesis
IntroductionThe genus Schindleria (Giltay, 1934) (Schindler’s fishes or infant fishes) has a large biogeographic range spanning the entire Indo-Pacific from remote South American islands to East and South African coasts, and from the Red Sea to Japan (summarized in Ahnelt and Sauberer 2020). Often found in and close to coral reef lagoons (Leis 1994; Watson 2000; Robitzch et al. 2021a), also offshore and deep-water records have been documented (Belyanina 1989; Parin 1991; Ahnelt and Sauberer 2020). Schindleria are not only among the smallest vertebrates (8 mm– 22 mm, average ca. 17 mm) but also mature rapidly. Some species reach maturity at an average of 37 days and may produce up to nine generations per year (Kon and Yoshino 2002).
Although individuals of Schindleria are likely among the most numerous fishes associated with coral reefs (Gosline and Brock 1960; Whittle 2003; Robitzch et al. 2021) these tiny gobioids are easily overlooked and frequently mistaken for larval fishes (Bogorodsky and Randall 2019; Robitzch et al. 2021a). Numerous records are based on a few specimens only (Ahnelt and Sauberer 2019, 2020; Robitzch et al. 2021b) and these were often collected as by-catch of other research surveys. Therefore, almost nothing is known about the biology and ecology of Schindleria (Robitzch et al. 2021a). To date, the sister group of Schindleria is still unknown and its position among gobioid fishes is still under debate (e.g., Ahnelt 2020; Abu El-Regal et al., 2021). Originally described as species of Hemirhamphus (Schindler 1930, 1931, 1932), these tiny fishes were reclassified as a new genus, Schindleria, and placed in a new family, Schindleriidae, by Giltay (1934) and demonstrated to belong to the Gobioidei by Johnson & Brothers (1993). However, in two molecular phylogenetic studies Schindleria was resolved within the family Gobiidae (Thacker 2009; Agorreta et al. 2013).
Eight nominal species of Schindleria have been described so far: S. brevipinguis Watson and Walker 2004, S. elongata Fricke and Abu El-Regal 2017, S. macrodentata Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018, S. multidentata Ahnelt 2020, S. nigropunctata Fricke and Abu El-Regal 2017, S. parva Abu El-Regal et al. 2021, S. pietschmanni (Schindler 1931), and S. praematura (Schindler 1930). Yet, this number of species underestimates their true diversity as over 25 unrecognized species of Schindleria were documented during two surveys on the Ryukyu, Ogasawara, and Palau Islands (Western Pacific), where nearly all of them are endemic to one of these islands (Kon et al., 2007, 2011). Based on short generation time and high levels of endemism Kon et al. (2007) suggested that large numbers of species throughout the entire range of the genus have remained undescribed.
Schindleria are extremely progenetic (Johnson and Brothers 1993) and are among the most short-lived vertebrates (Kon and Yoshino 2002, Zák et al. 2021). Adult Schindleria have a reduced larva-like, elongate, translucent, and scaleless body with a straight gut and a characteristic caudal complex (comprising two modified last vertebrae, an extremely elongate urostyle, and fused hypurals forming a triangular plate (Johnson & Brothers 1993) and a pair of elongated muscles on each side of the urostyle) (Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018). Many morphological characteristics important for species-level diagnoses in gobioid fishes, mainly involving features of the pelvic and first dorsal fins, are missing in Schindleria (Schindler 1932; Johnson and Brothers 1993). However, Schindleria species are morphologically more diverse than often assumed, having relatively few but distinct characters, which allow the identification of species (Watson and Walker 2004; Kon et al., 2010; Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018, Ahnelt 2020; Abu El-Regal et al. 2021; Robitzch et al. 2021b). For instance, the relative position of the dorsal and anal fins to each other, the number of their fin rays, the number of myomeres and vertebrae (Schindler 1930, 1931; Kon et al. 2007; Fricke and Abu El-Regal 2017a, b), the shape of the pectoral radial plate, the shape of the last procurrent caudal-fin rays, the shape of the lower jaw arch, and details of the dentition of the oral jaws (Ahnelt and Sauberer 2018; Ahnelt 2019, 2020) are helpful in diagnosing species.
In an attempt to group Schindleria specimens morphologically (Ahnelt 2019; Abu El-Regal et al. 2021), two characters seem most useful: (1) relative length of dorsal and anal fins (Ahnelt 2019, 2020) and (2) dentition (Watson and Walker 2004; Ahnelt 2020). The dentition of the jaws allows distinction of two main groups: species with jaw teeth and species that lack teeth in one or both jaws. In six out of the eight described species of Schindleria, teeth are present on both, the premaxilla and the dentary (Ahnelt 2020). Among the remaining two species of Schindleria, S. parva has a toothless dentary but a toothed premaxilla (Abu El-Regal et al. 2021) and S. brevipinguis lacks teeth in both jaws (Watson and Walker 2004). These two species share a very small size (<12 mm SL and <9 mm, respectively). In the present study we describe another tiny species of Schindleria with toothless jaws.
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Tempestichthys bettyae • A New Genus and Species of Ocean Sleeper (Gobiiformes: Thalasseleotrididae) from the central Coral Sea
Tempestichthys bettyae
Goatley & Tornabene, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2090633
twitter.com/buzzgoatley
Abstract
The Thalasseleotrididae is a small family of exclusively marine gobioids. They form a sister taxon to the Gobiidae and Oxudercidae and are distinguished from most species in these families by having six branchiostegal rays and a membrane linking the hyoid arch to the first ceratobranchial. Here we use micro-CT informed morphological data and molecular phylogenetics to describe a new genus and species of thalasseleotridid discovered on a tropical oceanic coral reef in the central Coral Sea. Tempestichthys bettyae gen. et sp. nov. is the first tropical thalasseleotridid and differs from other members of the Thalasseleotrididae by having a T-shaped palatine and a distinctive shape and colouration. The three previously described thalasseleotridid species are endemic to temperate coastal waters of southern Australia and New Zealand and are all translucent brown with dorsoventrally compressed heads. However, Tempestichthys bettyae is laterally compressed with a pointed snout and is translucent white with opaque white and crimson red markings and a largely crimson iris. We discuss the unique characters of this new genus, including its distribution, form, colouration and diminutive size, and highlight the potential of there being undescribed diversity in the Thalasseleotrididae.
Key words: Australia, coral reef, cryptic, cryptobenthic fishes, Gobiidae, Gobioidei, morphology, osteology, phylogeny, tropical
Tempestichthys bettyae gen. et sp. nov.
Christopher H. R. Goatley and Luke Tornabene. 2022. Tempestichthys bettyae, A New Genus and Species of Ocean Sleeper (Gobiiformes, Thalasseleotrididae) from the central Coral Sea. Systematics and Biodiversity. 20(1); 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2090633
twitter.com/buzzgoatley/status/1551664984282656768
==========================
Tempestichthys bettyae
Goatley & Tornabene, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2090633
twitter.com/buzzgoatley
Abstract
The Thalasseleotrididae is a small family of exclusively marine gobioids. They form a sister taxon to the Gobiidae and Oxudercidae and are distinguished from most species in these families by having six branchiostegal rays and a membrane linking the hyoid arch to the first ceratobranchial. Here we use micro-CT informed morphological data and molecular phylogenetics to describe a new genus and species of thalasseleotridid discovered on a tropical oceanic coral reef in the central Coral Sea. Tempestichthys bettyae gen. et sp. nov. is the first tropical thalasseleotridid and differs from other members of the Thalasseleotrididae by having a T-shaped palatine and a distinctive shape and colouration. The three previously described thalasseleotridid species are endemic to temperate coastal waters of southern Australia and New Zealand and are all translucent brown with dorsoventrally compressed heads. However, Tempestichthys bettyae is laterally compressed with a pointed snout and is translucent white with opaque white and crimson red markings and a largely crimson iris. We discuss the unique characters of this new genus, including its distribution, form, colouration and diminutive size, and highlight the potential of there being undescribed diversity in the Thalasseleotrididae.
Key words: Australia, coral reef, cryptic, cryptobenthic fishes, Gobiidae, Gobioidei, morphology, osteology, phylogeny, tropical
Tempestichthys bettyae gen. et sp. nov.
Christopher H. R. Goatley and Luke Tornabene. 2022. Tempestichthys bettyae, A New Genus and Species of Ocean Sleeper (Gobiiformes, Thalasseleotrididae) from the central Coral Sea. Systematics and Biodiversity. 20(1); 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2090633
twitter.com/buzzgoatley/status/1551664984282656768
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5168.3.8
PUBLISHED: 2022-07-22
A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermidae) from Son La Province, Vietnam
KARST FORESTMORPHOLOGYPHYLOGENYTAXONOMYVAN HO DISTRICTREPTILIAAbstractA new snake of the genus Achalinus Peters, 1869 is described based on an adult male specimen from Son La Province, Vietnam. Achalinus vanhoensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: 1) maxillary teeth 32; 2) suture between the internasals distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals; 3) loreal fused with prefrontal, prefrontals stretch towards the supralabials; 4) dorsal scales in 25–23–23 rows, keeled; 5) supralabials six (left) and seven (right); 6) infralabials six; 7) temporals 2+2, the two anterior temporals in broad contact with eye; 8) ventrals 176; 9) subcaudals 84, entire; 10) cloacal entire; 11) dorsum in preservative dark purple grey above; 12) venter somewhat lighter with yellow-edged scales in the chin region, including infralabials; 13) posterior edges of ventrals and subcaudals with yellow margin. In the molecular analysis, the new species is recovered as a sister taxon of Achalinus timi, a species endemic to Vietnam, and genetically the two species are around 5% divergent from each other based on a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. This discovery brings the number of Achalinus species known from Vietnam to nine.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-07-22
A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermidae) from Son La Province, Vietnam
KARST FORESTMORPHOLOGYPHYLOGENYTAXONOMYVAN HO DISTRICTREPTILIAAbstractA new snake of the genus Achalinus Peters, 1869 is described based on an adult male specimen from Son La Province, Vietnam. Achalinus vanhoensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: 1) maxillary teeth 32; 2) suture between the internasals distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals; 3) loreal fused with prefrontal, prefrontals stretch towards the supralabials; 4) dorsal scales in 25–23–23 rows, keeled; 5) supralabials six (left) and seven (right); 6) infralabials six; 7) temporals 2+2, the two anterior temporals in broad contact with eye; 8) ventrals 176; 9) subcaudals 84, entire; 10) cloacal entire; 11) dorsum in preservative dark purple grey above; 12) venter somewhat lighter with yellow-edged scales in the chin region, including infralabials; 13) posterior edges of ventrals and subcaudals with yellow margin. In the molecular analysis, the new species is recovered as a sister taxon of Achalinus timi, a species endemic to Vietnam, and genetically the two species are around 5% divergent from each other based on a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. This discovery brings the number of Achalinus species known from Vietnam to nine.
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Re-description of the loach species Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) (Pisces: Nemacheilidae) from the middle Huang-He basin in Shaanxi Province of Central ChinaYi Liu,Liang Cao,E. Zhang
First published: 07 May 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15080Funding information: Chinese Research Academy of Enviromental Sciences, Grant/Award Number: Y991041101
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SHAREAbstractDespite the wide recognition of Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) as a valid Chinese loach, its type locality, identity and distribution still remain contentious. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene for samples from all known range of the species showed that three distinct species are involved. Morphological comparisons, coupled with examination on the types, confirmed that H. variegata s. str. is characterized by having a sparsely scaled predorsal body, an adipose crest along the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle that extends forward to the vertical through the posterior end of the anal-fin base and a broadly rounded caudal fin. It is found merely in the Wei-He of the Huang-He basin. The Jinsha-Jiang population, previously misidentified as H. variegata, represents a distinct species, for which Homatula oxygnathra is the available name. Homatula laxiclathra, endemic to the Wei-He, is also a valid species distinct from H. variegata.
Volume101, Issue1
July 2022
Pages 154-167
First published: 07 May 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15080Funding information: Chinese Research Academy of Enviromental Sciences, Grant/Award Number: Y991041101
Read the full text
TOOLS
SHAREAbstractDespite the wide recognition of Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) as a valid Chinese loach, its type locality, identity and distribution still remain contentious. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene for samples from all known range of the species showed that three distinct species are involved. Morphological comparisons, coupled with examination on the types, confirmed that H. variegata s. str. is characterized by having a sparsely scaled predorsal body, an adipose crest along the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle that extends forward to the vertical through the posterior end of the anal-fin base and a broadly rounded caudal fin. It is found merely in the Wei-He of the Huang-He basin. The Jinsha-Jiang population, previously misidentified as H. variegata, represents a distinct species, for which Homatula oxygnathra is the available name. Homatula laxiclathra, endemic to the Wei-He, is also a valid species distinct from H. variegata.
Volume101, Issue1
July 2022
Pages 154-167
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Astronotus mikoljii • A New Species of Astronotus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria Basins, northern South America
Astronotus mikoljii
Lozano, Lasso-Alcalá, Bittencourt, Taphorn, Perez & Farias, 2022
Mikolji’s Oscar | Oscar de Mikolji || DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240
Abstract
Based on morphological and molecular analysis of Astronotus species, a new species is described from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria basins in Venezuela and Colombia. Morphologically, it differs from Astronotus crassipinnis and Astronotus ocellatus in pre-orbital depth, caudal peduncle depth, head width, and caudal peduncle length, with significant differences in average percentage values. Osteologically, it differs from the two described species by lacking a hypurapophysis on the parahypural bone (hypural complex) and having two or three supraneural bones. Another characteristic that helps diagnose the new species is the morphology of the sagitta otolith, which is oval with crenulated dorsal and ventral margins and a rounded posterior edge. Genetically, the new species is distinct from all the other lineages previously proposed for the genus, delimited by five single locus species delimitation methods, and also has unique diagnostic nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the new species as well as all other species/lineages. Astronotus species have considerable genetic, anatomical, and sagitta otolith shape differences, but have few significant traditional morphometric and meristic differences, because there is high variability in counts of spines, soft dorsal-fin rays, and lateral-line scales. It is clear that this new species is genetically and anatomically differentiated from all other species within the genus, and deserves recognition as a new valid species.
Keywords: DNA, fish, freshwater, morphometrics, osteology, sagitta otoliths, taxonomy
Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., preserved holotype MCNG 56677 (240.12 mm SL),
Venezuela., Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo in a small stream tributary of Arauca River.
Photograph: Ivan Mikolji.
Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov.,
A live coloration of specimens collected with holotype
B Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela.
Photographs: Ivan Mikolji.
Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov.
Diagnosis: The new species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: two or three supraneural bones (Fig. 4) (vs. two); absence of the spinous process (hypurapophysis) on the anterosuperior border of the parahypural bone (hypural complex) in Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. (vs. present in A. ocellatus and A. crassipinnis) (Fig. 5). The sagitta otolith in A. mikoljii sp. nov. is oval, with strongly crenulated ventral and dorsal margins (vs. elliptical and smooth-lobed margins in A. crassipinnis, and elliptical and smooth-dentate margins A. ocellatus); the rostrum is projected with an elongated process, in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (vs. rostrum process short in A. crassipinnis and A. ocellatus); the posterior region of the sagitta otolith is rounded in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (vs. straight or flat in A. crassipinnis and A. ocellatus) (Fig. 6). The aspect ratio of sagitta otoliths in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (AR = 0.665) is higher than that of A. ocellatus (AR = 0.606), and A. crassipinnis (AR = 0.585), and the differences are statistically significant at P < 0.05. The roundness index was highest in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (Rd = 0.597) vs. A. ocellatus (Rd = 0.545) and A. crassipinnis (Rd = 0.543) (P < 0.05). Also the morphometric index showed higher values in A. mikoljii sp. nov. compared to A. ocellatus (0.837 vs. 0.767) and A. crassipinnis (0.735) (Suppl. material 1: Table S2). The new species also is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of morphometric characters: the mean head length of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (36.72% SL) is longer than that of A. crassipinnis (35.01% SL), and also A. ocellatus (33.26% SL); the mean diameter of the orbit of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (9.06% SL) is greater than that of A. ocellatus (7.36%SL) and that of A. crassipinnis (7.73% SL); the mean pre-orbital depth of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (14.22% SL) is greater than that of A. crassipinnis (10.14% SL) but less than that of A. ocellatus (15.91% SL); the mean snout length of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (11.53% SL) is longer than that of A. crassipinnis (5.36% SL), and A. ocellatus (10.67% SL) (Tables 1, 2).
Etymology: The specific name is given to honor Mr. Ivan Mikolji, Venezuelan explorer, artist, author, underwater photographer, and audiovisual producer, in recognition for being a tireless and enthusiastic diffuser of the biodiversity and natural history of freshwater fishes, conservation of aquatic ecosystems of Venezuela and Colombia, and for logistic support for this work. Since 2020, Ivan Mikolji has been recognized as Associate Researcher of the Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, from the Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, in Caracas, Venezuela.
Common names: In Spanish and indigenous local languages, names which are known for Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. in Venezuela are pavona, vieja, cupaneca, Oscar, mijsho (Kariña), boisikuajaba (Warao), hácho (Pumé = Yaruro), phadeewa, jadaewa (Ye’Kuana = Makiritare), perewa, parawa (Eñepá = Panare), yawirra (Kúrrim = Kurripako), kohukohurimï, kohokohorimï, owënawë kohoromï” (Yanomami = Yanomamï) (Barandiarán 1962; Mago 1967, 1970c; Novoa et al. 1982; Obregón et al. 1984; Román 1985; Novoa 1986; Román 1988; Bedoya 1992; Mattei-Müller et al. 1994; Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000; Mosonyi 2002; Machado-Allison 2003; Vispo and Knab-Vispo 2003; Mattei-Müller and Serowe 2007; Brito et al. 2011) and pavo real, carabazú, Oscar, mojarra, mojarra negra, eba (Puinave), Itapukunda (Kurripako), uan (Tucano) in Colombia (Sánchez 2008).
The suggested common name for this species in the aquarium hobby is “Mikolji’s Oscar” in English, “Oscar de Mikolji ‘’ in Spanish.
Alfredo Perez Lozano, Oscar M. Lasso-Alcalá, Pedro S. Bittencourt, Donald C. Taphorn, Nayibe Perez and Izeni Pires Farias. 2022. A New Species of Astronotus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria Basins, northern South America. ZooKeys. 1113: 111-152. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240
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Astronotus mikoljii
Lozano, Lasso-Alcalá, Bittencourt, Taphorn, Perez & Farias, 2022
Mikolji’s Oscar | Oscar de Mikolji || DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240
Abstract
Based on morphological and molecular analysis of Astronotus species, a new species is described from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria basins in Venezuela and Colombia. Morphologically, it differs from Astronotus crassipinnis and Astronotus ocellatus in pre-orbital depth, caudal peduncle depth, head width, and caudal peduncle length, with significant differences in average percentage values. Osteologically, it differs from the two described species by lacking a hypurapophysis on the parahypural bone (hypural complex) and having two or three supraneural bones. Another characteristic that helps diagnose the new species is the morphology of the sagitta otolith, which is oval with crenulated dorsal and ventral margins and a rounded posterior edge. Genetically, the new species is distinct from all the other lineages previously proposed for the genus, delimited by five single locus species delimitation methods, and also has unique diagnostic nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the new species as well as all other species/lineages. Astronotus species have considerable genetic, anatomical, and sagitta otolith shape differences, but have few significant traditional morphometric and meristic differences, because there is high variability in counts of spines, soft dorsal-fin rays, and lateral-line scales. It is clear that this new species is genetically and anatomically differentiated from all other species within the genus, and deserves recognition as a new valid species.
Keywords: DNA, fish, freshwater, morphometrics, osteology, sagitta otoliths, taxonomy
Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., preserved holotype MCNG 56677 (240.12 mm SL),
Venezuela., Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo in a small stream tributary of Arauca River.
Photograph: Ivan Mikolji.
Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov.,
A live coloration of specimens collected with holotype
B Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela.
Photographs: Ivan Mikolji.
Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov.
Diagnosis: The new species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: two or three supraneural bones (Fig. 4) (vs. two); absence of the spinous process (hypurapophysis) on the anterosuperior border of the parahypural bone (hypural complex) in Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. (vs. present in A. ocellatus and A. crassipinnis) (Fig. 5). The sagitta otolith in A. mikoljii sp. nov. is oval, with strongly crenulated ventral and dorsal margins (vs. elliptical and smooth-lobed margins in A. crassipinnis, and elliptical and smooth-dentate margins A. ocellatus); the rostrum is projected with an elongated process, in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (vs. rostrum process short in A. crassipinnis and A. ocellatus); the posterior region of the sagitta otolith is rounded in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (vs. straight or flat in A. crassipinnis and A. ocellatus) (Fig. 6). The aspect ratio of sagitta otoliths in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (AR = 0.665) is higher than that of A. ocellatus (AR = 0.606), and A. crassipinnis (AR = 0.585), and the differences are statistically significant at P < 0.05. The roundness index was highest in A. mikoljii sp. nov. (Rd = 0.597) vs. A. ocellatus (Rd = 0.545) and A. crassipinnis (Rd = 0.543) (P < 0.05). Also the morphometric index showed higher values in A. mikoljii sp. nov. compared to A. ocellatus (0.837 vs. 0.767) and A. crassipinnis (0.735) (Suppl. material 1: Table S2). The new species also is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of morphometric characters: the mean head length of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (36.72% SL) is longer than that of A. crassipinnis (35.01% SL), and also A. ocellatus (33.26% SL); the mean diameter of the orbit of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (9.06% SL) is greater than that of A. ocellatus (7.36%SL) and that of A. crassipinnis (7.73% SL); the mean pre-orbital depth of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (14.22% SL) is greater than that of A. crassipinnis (10.14% SL) but less than that of A. ocellatus (15.91% SL); the mean snout length of A. mikoljii sp. nov. (11.53% SL) is longer than that of A. crassipinnis (5.36% SL), and A. ocellatus (10.67% SL) (Tables 1, 2).
Etymology: The specific name is given to honor Mr. Ivan Mikolji, Venezuelan explorer, artist, author, underwater photographer, and audiovisual producer, in recognition for being a tireless and enthusiastic diffuser of the biodiversity and natural history of freshwater fishes, conservation of aquatic ecosystems of Venezuela and Colombia, and for logistic support for this work. Since 2020, Ivan Mikolji has been recognized as Associate Researcher of the Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, from the Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, in Caracas, Venezuela.
Common names: In Spanish and indigenous local languages, names which are known for Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. in Venezuela are pavona, vieja, cupaneca, Oscar, mijsho (Kariña), boisikuajaba (Warao), hácho (Pumé = Yaruro), phadeewa, jadaewa (Ye’Kuana = Makiritare), perewa, parawa (Eñepá = Panare), yawirra (Kúrrim = Kurripako), kohukohurimï, kohokohorimï, owënawë kohoromï” (Yanomami = Yanomamï) (Barandiarán 1962; Mago 1967, 1970c; Novoa et al. 1982; Obregón et al. 1984; Román 1985; Novoa 1986; Román 1988; Bedoya 1992; Mattei-Müller et al. 1994; Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000; Mosonyi 2002; Machado-Allison 2003; Vispo and Knab-Vispo 2003; Mattei-Müller and Serowe 2007; Brito et al. 2011) and pavo real, carabazú, Oscar, mojarra, mojarra negra, eba (Puinave), Itapukunda (Kurripako), uan (Tucano) in Colombia (Sánchez 2008).
The suggested common name for this species in the aquarium hobby is “Mikolji’s Oscar” in English, “Oscar de Mikolji ‘’ in Spanish.
Alfredo Perez Lozano, Oscar M. Lasso-Alcalá, Pedro S. Bittencourt, Donald C. Taphorn, Nayibe Perez and Izeni Pires Farias. 2022. A New Species of Astronotus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria Basins, northern South America. ZooKeys. 1113: 111-152. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240
==========================
PDF( 5186 KB)Liobagrus chengduensis, a new species of torrent catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) from the upper Changjiang River basin in southwest China
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.114
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.114
- Zhong-Guang Chen1 ,
- Yan-Shu Guo2 ,
- Jia-Yun Wu1 ,
- An-Xiang Wen1 , ,
PDF( 2217 KB)
A new seamoth species of Pegasus (Syngnathiformes: Pegasidae) from the East China Sea
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.109
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A new seamoth species of Pegasus (Syngnathiformes: Pegasidae) from the East China Sea
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.109
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A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species
Roberto E. Reis1 and Pablo Lehmann A.2
www.ni.bio.br/content/v20n2/1982-0224-2022-0002/1982-0224-ni-20-02-e220002.pdf
For the complete paper
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Roberto E. Reis1 and Pablo Lehmann A.2
www.ni.bio.br/content/v20n2/1982-0224-2022-0002/1982-0224-ni-20-02-e220002.pdf
For the complete paper
==========================
A new endemic species of pelvic-brooding ricefish (Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae: Oryzias) from Lake Kalimpa’a, Sulawesi, Indonesia
zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_71_1/077_mokodongan_20220630.pdf
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zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_71_1/077_mokodongan_20220630.pdf
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Ariosoma albimaculata • A New Congrid Eel (Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the southwest Coast of India, Arabian Sea
Ariosoma albimaculata
Kodeeswaran, Dhas, Kumar & Lal, 2022
DOI: 10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1
Abstract
Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov. is described herein based on ten specimens [240–487 mm total length (TL)] collected from the deep-sea trawl landings at Colachel fishing harbour, off Kanyakumari, Arabian Sea, west coast of India. The new species is easily distinguished from all other congeners reported earlier, except its sympatric species, Ariosoma maurostigma Kodeeswaran, Mohapatra, Dhinakaran, Kumar and Lal 2022, having dark mark or streak present in the posterior-dorsal margin of eye orbit, but it readily differs from A. maurostigma with the presence of more total vertebrae (161–164 vs. 136–142 in A. maurostigma); more preanal vertebrae (66–68 vs. 47–51); occurrence of white spot or dot on just before the dorsal-fin origin (vs. absent in A. maurostigma); larger preanal length (49.7–55.7% TL vs. 44.0–48.8% TL); larger trunk length (30.4–33.3% TL vs. 23.5–30.2% TL); shorter tail length (44.6–48.2% TL vs. 47.8–54.6% TL). Further, A. albimaculata differs from its sister taxon A. maurostigma with a divergence of 8.1% and other congeners with the genetic distance of 15.0–28.8% in partial mitochondrial COI gene.
Keywords: Bathymyrinae, Arabian Sea, Systematics, New eel
Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov., NBFGR/CONAALB, holotype, 487 mm TL,
mature female, fresh colouration
Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov.
(New English name: White spotted stout conger)
Distribution. Indian Ocean: Off Kanyakumari, Arabian Sea.
Etymology. The species epithet “albimaculata” is derived from two Latin words albus = white and maculatus = spotted, denotes a white spot present on the dorsal-fin origin.
Paramasivam Kodeeswaran, Deepa Dhas, Thipramalai Thangappan Pillai Ajith Kumar and Kuldeep Kumar Lal. 2022. Description of A New Congrid Eel, Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Congridae), from the southwest coast of India, Arabian Sea. Ichthyological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1 [06 July 2022]
==========================
Ariosoma albimaculata
Kodeeswaran, Dhas, Kumar & Lal, 2022
DOI: 10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1
Abstract
Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov. is described herein based on ten specimens [240–487 mm total length (TL)] collected from the deep-sea trawl landings at Colachel fishing harbour, off Kanyakumari, Arabian Sea, west coast of India. The new species is easily distinguished from all other congeners reported earlier, except its sympatric species, Ariosoma maurostigma Kodeeswaran, Mohapatra, Dhinakaran, Kumar and Lal 2022, having dark mark or streak present in the posterior-dorsal margin of eye orbit, but it readily differs from A. maurostigma with the presence of more total vertebrae (161–164 vs. 136–142 in A. maurostigma); more preanal vertebrae (66–68 vs. 47–51); occurrence of white spot or dot on just before the dorsal-fin origin (vs. absent in A. maurostigma); larger preanal length (49.7–55.7% TL vs. 44.0–48.8% TL); larger trunk length (30.4–33.3% TL vs. 23.5–30.2% TL); shorter tail length (44.6–48.2% TL vs. 47.8–54.6% TL). Further, A. albimaculata differs from its sister taxon A. maurostigma with a divergence of 8.1% and other congeners with the genetic distance of 15.0–28.8% in partial mitochondrial COI gene.
Keywords: Bathymyrinae, Arabian Sea, Systematics, New eel
Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov., NBFGR/CONAALB, holotype, 487 mm TL,
mature female, fresh colouration
Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov.
(New English name: White spotted stout conger)
Distribution. Indian Ocean: Off Kanyakumari, Arabian Sea.
Etymology. The species epithet “albimaculata” is derived from two Latin words albus = white and maculatus = spotted, denotes a white spot present on the dorsal-fin origin.
Paramasivam Kodeeswaran, Deepa Dhas, Thipramalai Thangappan Pillai Ajith Kumar and Kuldeep Kumar Lal. 2022. Description of A New Congrid Eel, Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Congridae), from the southwest coast of India, Arabian Sea. Ichthyological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1 [06 July 2022]
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Dussumieria modakandai • Integrative Taxonomy–based Discovery of A New Species (Clupeiformes: Dussumieriidae) from India
Dussumieria modakandai
Singh, Jayakumar, Kumar, Murali, Mishra, Singh & Lal, 2022
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14943
Abstract
This study is based on integrative taxonomy and reports a new fish species Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov. from India. The new species differs from three valid species within the genus by a combination of characters such as longer maxilla (9.1%–9.9% standard length vs. 8.7% in Dussumieria elopsoides, 6.3%–8.5% in Dussumieria acuta) and one or two rows of small conical teeth on palatine (vs. several rows in D. elopsoides and Dussumieria albulina). It also differs by the absence of longitudinal striae on the posterior side of body scales (vs. presence in D. acuta and D. albulina) and the absence of parasphenoid teeth (vs. presence in D. acuta). The maxilla length of D. modakandai sp. nov. is greater than snout length, which distinguishes it from other congeners. The multivariate analysis of morphometric characters using PCA differentiated the new species from D. elopsoides and D. acuta samples collected in this study. The molecular analysis, based on cytochrome c oxidase I, distinguished the new species from D. acuta, D. albulina and D. elopsoides with a high genetic distance of 13.73%, 12.22% and 12.74%, respectively. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree and automatic barcode gap discovery analysis showed the existence of six putative species in Dussumieria. Even the exhaustive sub-clade formation within species and high intra-species genetic distance in D. acuta (1.59) and D. modakandai (1.95) indicate the possibility of a few more cryptic species. This warrants comprehensive sample collection across the distribution range and integrative taxonomic study of the genus Dussumieria.
Keywords: barcode gap, cryptic species, genetic distance, morphometric character, PCA
Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov., NBFGR, holotype,
144.99 mm standard length (SL),
India, Tamil Nadu
Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov.
English name: Soft Rainbow Sardine
Etymology: The specific name of the new species D. modakandai sp. nov. is derived from two vernacular words in Tamil language, “moda” means “soft” and “kandai” means fish, jointly called soft fish. This is being used as an adjective here.
Mahender Singh, Thazhathe K. Teena Jayakumar, Thipramalai Thangappan A. Kumar, Sanjeev Murali, Akhilesh Mishra, Achal Singh and Kuldeep K. Lal. 2022. Integrative Taxonomy–based Discovery of Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov. from India. Journal of Fish Biology. 100(1); 268-278. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14943.
==========================
Dussumieria modakandai
Singh, Jayakumar, Kumar, Murali, Mishra, Singh & Lal, 2022
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14943
Abstract
This study is based on integrative taxonomy and reports a new fish species Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov. from India. The new species differs from three valid species within the genus by a combination of characters such as longer maxilla (9.1%–9.9% standard length vs. 8.7% in Dussumieria elopsoides, 6.3%–8.5% in Dussumieria acuta) and one or two rows of small conical teeth on palatine (vs. several rows in D. elopsoides and Dussumieria albulina). It also differs by the absence of longitudinal striae on the posterior side of body scales (vs. presence in D. acuta and D. albulina) and the absence of parasphenoid teeth (vs. presence in D. acuta). The maxilla length of D. modakandai sp. nov. is greater than snout length, which distinguishes it from other congeners. The multivariate analysis of morphometric characters using PCA differentiated the new species from D. elopsoides and D. acuta samples collected in this study. The molecular analysis, based on cytochrome c oxidase I, distinguished the new species from D. acuta, D. albulina and D. elopsoides with a high genetic distance of 13.73%, 12.22% and 12.74%, respectively. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree and automatic barcode gap discovery analysis showed the existence of six putative species in Dussumieria. Even the exhaustive sub-clade formation within species and high intra-species genetic distance in D. acuta (1.59) and D. modakandai (1.95) indicate the possibility of a few more cryptic species. This warrants comprehensive sample collection across the distribution range and integrative taxonomic study of the genus Dussumieria.
Keywords: barcode gap, cryptic species, genetic distance, morphometric character, PCA
Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov., NBFGR, holotype,
144.99 mm standard length (SL),
India, Tamil Nadu
Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov.
English name: Soft Rainbow Sardine
Etymology: The specific name of the new species D. modakandai sp. nov. is derived from two vernacular words in Tamil language, “moda” means “soft” and “kandai” means fish, jointly called soft fish. This is being used as an adjective here.
Mahender Singh, Thazhathe K. Teena Jayakumar, Thipramalai Thangappan A. Kumar, Sanjeev Murali, Akhilesh Mishra, Achal Singh and Kuldeep K. Lal. 2022. Integrative Taxonomy–based Discovery of Dussumieria modakandai sp. nov. from India. Journal of Fish Biology. 100(1); 268-278. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14943.
==========================
A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species ==========================
Cobitis indus, a new spined loach from the Dalaman River in the Eastern Aegean Sea basin (Teleostei: Cobitidae) PISCESFRESHWATER FISHTAXONOMYCYTOCHROME OXIDASE IMIDDLE EAST AbstractCobitis indus, new species, from the Dalaman River drainage, is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the eastern Aegean Sea basin by having two laminae circularis, a bifurcate suborbital spine, a narrow caudal peduncle, pigmentation zone 4 with 17–24 small blotches often fused into a stripe, pigmentation below Z4 usually absent, and one black, comma-shaped spot at the upper caudal-fin base. It is further distinguished from its closest relative, C. dorademiri, by having 13 diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the mtDNA COI barcode region and a K2P nearest–neighbour distance of 2.3–2.7%. This is the fourth Cobitis species found in the Dalaman River drainage making this river the most species-rich in spined loaches in the Middle East.
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A new species of deep-sea grunt, Rhonciscus pauco (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae), from Puerto Rico Research article
Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
Biodiversity
Marine Biology
Taxonomy
Zoology
Jose Tavera1, Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre2, Arturo Acero P.3
Tweet Authors
Published June 2, 2022Author and article informationAbstract
A fourth species of the genus Rhonciscus (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae) is described from various specimens collected by small-scale fishers from the insular upper slope of western Puerto Rico. The new species was molecularly recovered as sister to the Eastern Pacific R. branickii, to which it bears many morphological similarities. It is distinguished from other Rhonciscus species by the number of scale rows between the dorsal fin and the lateral line (7), larger and thus fewer scales along the lateral line (48–50), large eyes (9.4–10.4 times in SL), longer caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), larger sized penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last (7.4–9.5% in SL) dorsal fin spines which translates to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, and its opalescent silver with golden specks live coloration. This grunt, only now recognized by ichthyologists, but well known by local fishers that target snappers and groupers between 200 and 500 m in depth, occurs in far deeper waters than any western Atlantic grunt.
Cite this as
Tavera J, Schärer-Umpierre MT, Acero P. A. 2022. A new species of deep-sea grunt, Rhonciscus pauco (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae), from Puerto Rico. PeerJ 10:e13502 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13502
IntroductionThe family Haemulidae (together with the snappers, Lutjanidae) is one of the two clades grouped in the order Lutjaniformes Bleeker (Betancur et al., 2017), a tropical lineage that includes commercially important shore fishes. The number of recognized grunt species in two recent checklists varies between 134 and 136, grouped into two subfamilies (Nelson, Grande & Wilson, 2016; Fricke, Eschmeyer & Fong, 2021). Approximately 62 species of the subfamily Haemulinae inhabit New World waters, with the subfamily Plectorhinchinae restricted to African shores and to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. The most recent revision by Tavera, Acero & Wainwright (2018) recognized 15 New World haemulid genera.
The genus Pomadasys Lacepède, 1802 (type species Sciaena argentea Forsskål, 1775) included several loosely related species from tropical and temperate seas. Species in this polyphyletic assemblage exhibit color and morphological convergence which has resulted in several of them being uncritically assigned to Pomadasys (Tavera et al., 2012). This genus was split into at least five lineages widely spread throughout the family phylogeny, one of which became the genus Rhonciscus (Tavera, Acero & Wainwright, 2018). Further revision is needed to clarify the systematics and taxonomy of the Pomadasys (sensu lato) polyphyletic assemblage.
As for the New World species, Jordan & Evermann (1896) described two genera, Rhencus (type species Pristipoma panamense Steindachner, 1876) and Rhonciscus (type species Pristipoma crocro Cuvier, 1830). These two genera were considered junior synonyms of Pomadasys until Tavera, Acero & Wainwright (2018) resurrected them. The genus Rhonciscus comprises rather elongate species found in marine and brackish waters, but also in rivers and freshwater streams. It presently includes three species, R. crocro, distributed from southern Florida (USA) to at least Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), in the western Atlantic (WA), and two Eastern Pacific (EP) species: R. branickii (Steindachner, 1879) from southern Baja California (Mexico) to Paita (Perú), and R. bayanus (Jordan & Evermann, 1898) from Mazatlán (Mexico) to Rio Tumbes, Perú. Both R. crocro and R. bayanus can be found in freshwater rivers or streams flowing into the ocean. A fourth, unrecognized Rhonciscus species is described based on 14 specimens captured by fishers off the west coast of Puerto Rico, WA.
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Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
Biodiversity
Marine Biology
Taxonomy
Zoology
Jose Tavera1, Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre2, Arturo Acero P.3
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Published June 2, 2022Author and article informationAbstract
A fourth species of the genus Rhonciscus (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae) is described from various specimens collected by small-scale fishers from the insular upper slope of western Puerto Rico. The new species was molecularly recovered as sister to the Eastern Pacific R. branickii, to which it bears many morphological similarities. It is distinguished from other Rhonciscus species by the number of scale rows between the dorsal fin and the lateral line (7), larger and thus fewer scales along the lateral line (48–50), large eyes (9.4–10.4 times in SL), longer caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), larger sized penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last (7.4–9.5% in SL) dorsal fin spines which translates to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, and its opalescent silver with golden specks live coloration. This grunt, only now recognized by ichthyologists, but well known by local fishers that target snappers and groupers between 200 and 500 m in depth, occurs in far deeper waters than any western Atlantic grunt.
Cite this as
Tavera J, Schärer-Umpierre MT, Acero P. A. 2022. A new species of deep-sea grunt, Rhonciscus pauco (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae), from Puerto Rico. PeerJ 10:e13502 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13502
IntroductionThe family Haemulidae (together with the snappers, Lutjanidae) is one of the two clades grouped in the order Lutjaniformes Bleeker (Betancur et al., 2017), a tropical lineage that includes commercially important shore fishes. The number of recognized grunt species in two recent checklists varies between 134 and 136, grouped into two subfamilies (Nelson, Grande & Wilson, 2016; Fricke, Eschmeyer & Fong, 2021). Approximately 62 species of the subfamily Haemulinae inhabit New World waters, with the subfamily Plectorhinchinae restricted to African shores and to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. The most recent revision by Tavera, Acero & Wainwright (2018) recognized 15 New World haemulid genera.
The genus Pomadasys Lacepède, 1802 (type species Sciaena argentea Forsskål, 1775) included several loosely related species from tropical and temperate seas. Species in this polyphyletic assemblage exhibit color and morphological convergence which has resulted in several of them being uncritically assigned to Pomadasys (Tavera et al., 2012). This genus was split into at least five lineages widely spread throughout the family phylogeny, one of which became the genus Rhonciscus (Tavera, Acero & Wainwright, 2018). Further revision is needed to clarify the systematics and taxonomy of the Pomadasys (sensu lato) polyphyletic assemblage.
As for the New World species, Jordan & Evermann (1896) described two genera, Rhencus (type species Pristipoma panamense Steindachner, 1876) and Rhonciscus (type species Pristipoma crocro Cuvier, 1830). These two genera were considered junior synonyms of Pomadasys until Tavera, Acero & Wainwright (2018) resurrected them. The genus Rhonciscus comprises rather elongate species found in marine and brackish waters, but also in rivers and freshwater streams. It presently includes three species, R. crocro, distributed from southern Florida (USA) to at least Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), in the western Atlantic (WA), and two Eastern Pacific (EP) species: R. branickii (Steindachner, 1879) from southern Baja California (Mexico) to Paita (Perú), and R. bayanus (Jordan & Evermann, 1898) from Mazatlán (Mexico) to Rio Tumbes, Perú. Both R. crocro and R. bayanus can be found in freshwater rivers or streams flowing into the ocean. A fourth, unrecognized Rhonciscus species is described based on 14 specimens captured by fishers off the west coast of Puerto Rico, WA.
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Phylogenetics of Archerfishes (Toxotidae) and Evolution of the Toxotid Shooting Apparatus
M G Girard, M P Davis, Tan H.H., D J Wedd, P Chakrabarty, W B Ludt, A P Summers, W L Smith
Integrative Organismal Biology, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2022, obac013, https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac013
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M G Girard, M P Davis, Tan H.H., D J Wedd, P Chakrabarty, W B Ludt, A P Summers, W L Smith
Integrative Organismal Biology, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2022, obac013, https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac013
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5162.2.2
PUBLISHED: 2022-07-06
A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
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PUBLISHED: 2022-07-06
A new species of six-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Lakshadweep Sea
- TREASA AUGUSTINA A.X.+
- MIRIAM PAUL SREERAM+
- SANDHYA SUKUMARAN+
- SREEKUMAR K.M.+
- ANJALY JOSE+
- JOSHI K.K.+
- GOPALAKRISHNAN A.+
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Description of a new species of miniature catfish of the genus Ammoglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from rio Tapajós basin, BrazilAndré L. Colares CantoAlexandre P. HercosFrank Raynner V. RibeiroABOUT THE AUTHORSAbstractA new species of Ammoglanis is described from the rio Aruri Grande, rio Jamanxim drainage, a right bank tributary to the middle rio Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is identified and defined through morphological characters such as color pattern, consisting of eight or nine transverse dark bars regularly spaced along the dorsum; skeletal morphology; numbers of premaxillary teeth, vertebrae, and dorsal- and pectoral-fin rays; presence of cranial fontanel and two small, finger-like papillae on chin anterior to the gular apex. The new species probably is an additional example of endemism in the rio Tapajós basin.
Keywords:
Biodiversity; Freshwater fishes; Sarcoglanidinae; Taxonomy
INTRODUCTIONAmmoglanisCosta, 1994 is a genus of trichomycterid catfish (Sarcoglanidinae) described by Costa, (1994) to allocate A. diaphanusCosta, 1994 from the rio Araguaia basin. Subsequently, five species have been described in the genus: Ammoglanis pulex de Pinna & Winemiller, 2000 and A. natgeorum Henschel, Lujan & Baskin, 2020 from the río Orinoco basin, A. multidentatus Costa, Mattos & Santos, 2019 from coastal rivers of Bahia State in northeastern Brazil, and two other species from the rio Amazonas basin: Ammoglanis obliquus Henschel, Bragança, Rangel-Pereira & Costa, 2020 from the rio Preto da Eva drainage and A. amapaensis Mattos, Costa & Gama, 2008 from the Amapari, Araguari, and Jari river basins (Ferraris Jr., 2007; Mattos et al., 2008; Henschel et al., 2020a).
Ammoglanis species are miniature fishes that inhabit river and stream ecosystems dominated by sandy substrates (Costa, 1994; de Pinna, Winemiller, 2000; Henschel et al., 2020a). The genus was thus originally characterized by 1) a slender quadrate, greatest depth 30% of the length of its main axis; 2) an expanded anterior tip of interopercle, about 50% of the total length of the bone’s upper margin; 3) premaxilla posterior to mesethmoid cornu; 4) ventral mouth; 5) a short lateral process on the premaxilla, about 50% of the length of the premaxilla without process; and 6) absence of separate ossification of the anterior cartilage of palatine (Costa, 1994). However, among these characteristics, only the quadrate morphology is present in all species of the genus (Costa et al., 2019; Henschel et al., 2020a,b).
The objective of this paper is to describe a new species of Ammoglanis collected during recent ichthyofaunal surveys throughout the rio Jamanxim drainage, a right bank tributary to the middle rio Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil.
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Keywords:
Biodiversity; Freshwater fishes; Sarcoglanidinae; Taxonomy
INTRODUCTIONAmmoglanisCosta, 1994 is a genus of trichomycterid catfish (Sarcoglanidinae) described by Costa, (1994) to allocate A. diaphanusCosta, 1994 from the rio Araguaia basin. Subsequently, five species have been described in the genus: Ammoglanis pulex de Pinna & Winemiller, 2000 and A. natgeorum Henschel, Lujan & Baskin, 2020 from the río Orinoco basin, A. multidentatus Costa, Mattos & Santos, 2019 from coastal rivers of Bahia State in northeastern Brazil, and two other species from the rio Amazonas basin: Ammoglanis obliquus Henschel, Bragança, Rangel-Pereira & Costa, 2020 from the rio Preto da Eva drainage and A. amapaensis Mattos, Costa & Gama, 2008 from the Amapari, Araguari, and Jari river basins (Ferraris Jr., 2007; Mattos et al., 2008; Henschel et al., 2020a).
Ammoglanis species are miniature fishes that inhabit river and stream ecosystems dominated by sandy substrates (Costa, 1994; de Pinna, Winemiller, 2000; Henschel et al., 2020a). The genus was thus originally characterized by 1) a slender quadrate, greatest depth 30% of the length of its main axis; 2) an expanded anterior tip of interopercle, about 50% of the total length of the bone’s upper margin; 3) premaxilla posterior to mesethmoid cornu; 4) ventral mouth; 5) a short lateral process on the premaxilla, about 50% of the length of the premaxilla without process; and 6) absence of separate ossification of the anterior cartilage of palatine (Costa, 1994). However, among these characteristics, only the quadrate morphology is present in all species of the genus (Costa et al., 2019; Henschel et al., 2020a,b).
The objective of this paper is to describe a new species of Ammoglanis collected during recent ichthyofaunal surveys throughout the rio Jamanxim drainage, a right bank tributary to the middle rio Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil.
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Geophagus pyrineusi: a new species from the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Geophagini)
PISCESALLOCHROMYCOLORATIONHOMOLOGYMELANOPHOREMORPHOLOGYONTOGENYPIGMENTATIONAbstractGeophagus pyrineusi, new species, is described from the rio Teles Pires drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from the majority of the congeners by presenting a complete infraorbital bar. Additionally, it differs from all other congeners by several coloration-related character states: flank bars 5 and 6–7 as dark as the infraorbital bar, and almost as dark as the midlateral spot; retention of dorsal melanophoric patch 6 as a distinct mark (not connected to any lateral melanophoric patch), and almost as dark as the midlateral spot in adults; retention of lateral melanophoric patch 1p and almost complete absence of dorsal- and caudal-fin color patterns in adults, among other characters.
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A New Species of Chaetostoma (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) Expands the Distribution of Rubbernose Plecos Eastward into the Lower Amazon Basin of Brazil
Vanessa Meza-Vargas1,2, Ba´rbara B. Calegari1,3, Nathan K. Lujan4 , Gustavo A. Ballen5,6, Osvaldo T. Oyakawa5 , Leandro M. Sousa7 , Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel ´ 8 , and Roberto E. Reis1 A new species of the rubbernose pleco genus Chaetostoma is described from the Maicuru and Seiko Rivers, a northern tributary of the lower Amazon River and a tributary of the lower Xingu River, respectively, both in Para´ State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed from all congeners, except members of the Chaetostoma anale species group, by having an enlarged second unbranched anal-fin ray with posterior paired dermal flaps. Additionally, the new species is distinguished from its only other currently recognized congeners from rivers draining the Guiana Shield (C. jegui and C. vasquezi) by having a smaller opercle and a supraoccipital excrescence undeveloped, comprising a simple skin area present in juveniles and absent in adults. A revised multi-locus phylogeny for the species of Chaetostoma is presented, and the Chaetostoma anale species group is discussed and rearranged.
Full paper at:- static1.squarespace.com/static/570d1ea37da24f381ca53c95/t/62acc329543d0f5dfee57c08/1655489334407/14-IH-110-02-14_364..377.pdf
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Vanessa Meza-Vargas1,2, Ba´rbara B. Calegari1,3, Nathan K. Lujan4 , Gustavo A. Ballen5,6, Osvaldo T. Oyakawa5 , Leandro M. Sousa7 , Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel ´ 8 , and Roberto E. Reis1 A new species of the rubbernose pleco genus Chaetostoma is described from the Maicuru and Seiko Rivers, a northern tributary of the lower Amazon River and a tributary of the lower Xingu River, respectively, both in Para´ State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed from all congeners, except members of the Chaetostoma anale species group, by having an enlarged second unbranched anal-fin ray with posterior paired dermal flaps. Additionally, the new species is distinguished from its only other currently recognized congeners from rivers draining the Guiana Shield (C. jegui and C. vasquezi) by having a smaller opercle and a supraoccipital excrescence undeveloped, comprising a simple skin area present in juveniles and absent in adults. A revised multi-locus phylogeny for the species of Chaetostoma is presented, and the Chaetostoma anale species group is discussed and rearranged.
Full paper at:- static1.squarespace.com/static/570d1ea37da24f381ca53c95/t/62acc329543d0f5dfee57c08/1655489334407/14-IH-110-02-14_364..377.pdf
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Two new species of blackwater catfishes (Siluriformes: Siluridae and Clariidae) from the Natuna Archipelago, Indonesia
lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/.../10/2022/07/RBZ-2022-0020.pdfFull pdf of paper
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lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/.../10/2022/07/RBZ-2022-0020.pdfFull pdf of paper
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Combined phylogeny and new classification of catsharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes) photo -- 𝑆𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 - Chain catshark
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Karla D A Soares, Kleber Mathubara
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 195, Issue 3, July 2022, Pages 761–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab108
Published:
03 March 2022
Article historyAbstractThis is the first study to combine morphological and molecular characters to infer the phylogenetic relationships among catsharks. All currently valid genera classified in the family Scyliorhinidae s.l. and representatives of other carcharhinoid families plus one lamnoid and two orectoloboids were included as terminal taxa. A total of 143 morphological characters and 44 NADH2 sequences were analysed. Parsimony analyses under different weighting schemes and strengths were used to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. The phylogenetic analysis of 78 terminal taxa, using the combined dataset and weighting each column separately (SEP; k = 3) resulted in one most-parsimonious cladogram of 4441 steps with the greatest internal resolution of clades and strongest support. The main changes in nomenclature and classification are the revised definition and scope of Scyliorhinidae, Apristurus and Pentanchus and the revalidation of Atelomycteridae. The monophyly of Pentanchidae is supported, as is that of most catshark genera. Two new subfamilies of the family Pentanchidae are defined: Halaelurinae subfam. nov. and Galeinae subfam. nov. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of morphological characters in the inference of evolutionary history of carcharhinoids and sheds light on the taxonomic status of some genera in need of further exploration.
Atelomycteridae, Pentanchidae, Scyliorhinidae, total evidence
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Original Articles
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Linnean Society of London. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
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Get access
Karla D A Soares, Kleber Mathubara
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 195, Issue 3, July 2022, Pages 761–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab108
Published:
03 March 2022
Article historyAbstractThis is the first study to combine morphological and molecular characters to infer the phylogenetic relationships among catsharks. All currently valid genera classified in the family Scyliorhinidae s.l. and representatives of other carcharhinoid families plus one lamnoid and two orectoloboids were included as terminal taxa. A total of 143 morphological characters and 44 NADH2 sequences were analysed. Parsimony analyses under different weighting schemes and strengths were used to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. The phylogenetic analysis of 78 terminal taxa, using the combined dataset and weighting each column separately (SEP; k = 3) resulted in one most-parsimonious cladogram of 4441 steps with the greatest internal resolution of clades and strongest support. The main changes in nomenclature and classification are the revised definition and scope of Scyliorhinidae, Apristurus and Pentanchus and the revalidation of Atelomycteridae. The monophyly of Pentanchidae is supported, as is that of most catshark genera. Two new subfamilies of the family Pentanchidae are defined: Halaelurinae subfam. nov. and Galeinae subfam. nov. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of morphological characters in the inference of evolutionary history of carcharhinoids and sheds light on the taxonomic status of some genera in need of further exploration.
Atelomycteridae, Pentanchidae, Scyliorhinidae, total evidence
Issue Section:
Original Articles
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Linnean Society of London. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
You do not currently have access to this article.
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Liobagrus brevispina, a new species of torrent catfish (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) from the upper Chang-Jiang basin, South ChinaRui-Xia Xie,Liang Cao,E Zhang
First published: 27 June 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15109urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BAA963CF-EDE0-48C5-BB37-1FF6B9B43537
Funding information: the national natural sciences foundation of china, Grant/Award Number: NSFC No. 31572234; China West Normal University
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SHAREAbstractA new species of Liobagrus is unearthed in the Nan-Jiang flowing into the Jialing-Jiang of the upper Chang-Jiang basin in which currently recognized Chinese congeners have a concentrated distribution. This small-sized (less than 100.0 mm LS) torrent fish belongs to the species group defined by the presence of a smooth posterior edge of the pectoral-fin spine and upper and lower jaws of equal length or a lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in length. It is distinct from Liobagrus aequilabris and Liobagrus formosanus by the presence of a pectoral-fin spine extending short of (vs. beyond) the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, maxillary barbels reaching the middle of the pectoral fin (vs. pectoral-fin insertion or slightly beyond), 17–19 anal-fin rays (vs. 15–16 in L. formosanus), 39–41 (vs. 35–37 in L. aequilabris) post-Weberian vertebrae and the pectoral-fin spine length 3.6%–7.4% of LS (vs. 7.6–10.5 in L. aequilabris). It differs from Liobagrus marginatoides by the presence of upper and lower jaws of equal length (vs. a lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in length) and a rounded or unevenly rounded (vs. subtruncate) caudal fin. The validity of the new species is confirmed by its monophyly recovered in a cytochrome b gene-based phylogenetic analysis and its significant genetic distance with sampled congeneric species.
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First published: 27 June 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15109urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BAA963CF-EDE0-48C5-BB37-1FF6B9B43537
Funding information: the national natural sciences foundation of china, Grant/Award Number: NSFC No. 31572234; China West Normal University
Read the full text
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SHAREAbstractA new species of Liobagrus is unearthed in the Nan-Jiang flowing into the Jialing-Jiang of the upper Chang-Jiang basin in which currently recognized Chinese congeners have a concentrated distribution. This small-sized (less than 100.0 mm LS) torrent fish belongs to the species group defined by the presence of a smooth posterior edge of the pectoral-fin spine and upper and lower jaws of equal length or a lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in length. It is distinct from Liobagrus aequilabris and Liobagrus formosanus by the presence of a pectoral-fin spine extending short of (vs. beyond) the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, maxillary barbels reaching the middle of the pectoral fin (vs. pectoral-fin insertion or slightly beyond), 17–19 anal-fin rays (vs. 15–16 in L. formosanus), 39–41 (vs. 35–37 in L. aequilabris) post-Weberian vertebrae and the pectoral-fin spine length 3.6%–7.4% of LS (vs. 7.6–10.5 in L. aequilabris). It differs from Liobagrus marginatoides by the presence of upper and lower jaws of equal length (vs. a lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in length) and a rounded or unevenly rounded (vs. subtruncate) caudal fin. The validity of the new species is confirmed by its monophyly recovered in a cytochrome b gene-based phylogenetic analysis and its significant genetic distance with sampled congeneric species.
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Osteochilichthys elegans, a new cyprinid fish from Kerala, India
Mathews Plamoottil1 * 1Government College, Kottayam, Kerala- 686001, Indi
Mathews Plamoottil1 * 1Government College, Kottayam, Kerala- 686001, Indi
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𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑖. A new #snailfish of the genus #𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑠 (#Cottoidei: #Liparidae) from the Pacific coast of southern Japan.
AbstractA new snailfish, Careproctus tomiyamai, is described on the basis of four specimens collected from Suruga Bay, Tosa Bay, and the Hyuga-nada Sea, southern Japan (600–808 m depth). It is distinguished from all currently recognized congeners by the following combination of characters: total vertebrae 56–58; dorsal-fin rays 51 or 52; anal-fin rays 44–46; pectoral-fin rays 30–32; pyloric caeca 9–13; body slender, maximum depth 15.6–22.8% standard length (SL); teeth on both jaws strongly trilobed; pectoral fin shallowly notched, longest lower lobe ray 9.8–14.3% SL [46.0–60.4% head length (HL)]; proximal pectoral radials 4 (3 + 1), upper portion of 1st and 3rd radials, and lower portion of 2nd radial notched; fenestrae in pectoral girdle 2, between scapula and 1st proximal radial, and 2nd and 3rd proximal radials; pelvic disk oval, wider than long, length 3.4–4.3% SL (14.2–19.3% HL), moderately to deeply cupped; peritoneum black in preserved specimens.
full paper at:- rdcu.be/cQgji
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Osteochilichthys elegans, a new cyprinid fish from Kerala, India Mathews Plamoottil1 * 1Government College, Kottayam, Kerala- 686001, India
*Correspondence: mathewsplamoottil@gmail.com; Received 01-02-2022, Revised: 20-03-2022, Accepted: 30-03-2022 e-Published: 11-04-2022 Osteochilichthys elegans, a new teleost fish, is described from Bhavani River at Palakkad district in Kerala, India. It is related to Osteochilichthys nashii, O. longidorsalis, O. brevidorsalis and O. thomassi. All these species have a deep and compressed body; 39- 43 lateral line scales and 10-11 branched rays in dorsal fin. The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the following combination of characters: body with upper lateral dusky green, lower lateral light yellow, ventral, anal fin and the distal border of dorsal fin reddish, 13-14 pre dorsal scales, 43- 44 lateral line scales, no mid lateral color band and lacking any color band on dorsal and anal fin. The new species is a very rare cyprinid fish residing in the mountain streams of Palakkad district in Kerala. It can also be used as an ornamental fish. The new fish is taxonomically analyzed and compared with its congeners. This study revealed that Gobio augraoides Jerdon (1849) and Osteochilichthys nashii Day (1868) are the one and the same species. As the name augraoides was designated earlier than nashii, the former name gets priority; therefore, Osteochilichthys nashii is now rechristened as Osteochilichthys augraoides. Keywords: Palakkad hill ranges, Taxonomy, Description, New Species, Osteochilus INTRODUCTION Heckel (1843) described the cyprinid genus Scaphiodon as a heterogeneous assemblage of diverse fish forms. Some of these fish have been occurring at the Sind hills and Panjab; others in the Western Ghats. The north Indian and south Indian species can easily be distinguished, with the former having 2 pairs of barbels, 9- 16 branched dorsal fin rays and the last unbranched ray osseous and posteriorly serrated, 7 branched rays on the anal fin and the possession of a furrow between occiput and origin of the dorsal fin (Berg, 1933); south Indian forms are characterised by having 11 (rarely 10) branched rays on the dorsal fin, 5 (rarely 6) branched rays on the anal fin, last unbranched ray on the dorsal fin is smooth and devoid of barbels. The north Indian species Scaphiodon watsoni has been renamed as Cyprinion watsoni and Scaphiodon irregularis is now treated as a synonym of C. watsoni. South Indian species of Scaphiodon were studied well by Hora (1942). After the detailed examination of specimens described from the Western Ghats, he created the taxon Osteochilichthys as a subgenus of the genus Osteochilus Gunther (1868) and inserted Scaphiodon nashii and S. thomassi in Osteochilichthys as they are characterised by weak, non - osseous last simple dorsal fin rays. The other Western Ghats species namely S. brevidorsalis was inserted in another genus Kantaka; the latter is characterised by bearing a strong osseous dorsal spine. Currently, all the above four species are inserted in the genus Osteochilichthys. Osteochilus malabaricus Day (1873) is not considered as a distinct species; it is now treated as a synonym of O. nashii. During 2019- 2020 this author visited and explored many difficult- to- reach areas of Palakkad district in Kerala for fish collection and taxonomic analysis. This led to the procurement of many rare teleost fish, especially several little-known cyprinids. Six specimens of Osteochilichthys were obtained from a freshwater stream during the survey. Careful analysis revealed that they differ from their congeners in many distinct ways. So they are described here as a new species, Osteochilichthys elegans. Mathews Plamoottil Osteochilichthys elegans, a new cyprinid fish Bioscience Research, 2022 volume 19(2): 974-990 975 Fig. 1. Osteochilichthys elegans, V/F/NERC/ZSI/5420, Holotype, 133.2 mm SL, Mannarkkad, 10.98°N 76.47°E Fig. 2 A fresh specimen of Osteochilichthys elegans, ZSI/ANRC/M/27755, Paratype, 126.6 mm SL, Mannarkkad, 10.98°N 76.47°E Fig. 3. A preserved specimen of Osteochilichthys elegans, ZSI/ANRC/M/27755, Paratype, 117.1 mm
full pdf www.isisn.org/BR-19-2-2022/974-990-19(2)2022BR22-103.pdf
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*Correspondence: mathewsplamoottil@gmail.com; Received 01-02-2022, Revised: 20-03-2022, Accepted: 30-03-2022 e-Published: 11-04-2022 Osteochilichthys elegans, a new teleost fish, is described from Bhavani River at Palakkad district in Kerala, India. It is related to Osteochilichthys nashii, O. longidorsalis, O. brevidorsalis and O. thomassi. All these species have a deep and compressed body; 39- 43 lateral line scales and 10-11 branched rays in dorsal fin. The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the following combination of characters: body with upper lateral dusky green, lower lateral light yellow, ventral, anal fin and the distal border of dorsal fin reddish, 13-14 pre dorsal scales, 43- 44 lateral line scales, no mid lateral color band and lacking any color band on dorsal and anal fin. The new species is a very rare cyprinid fish residing in the mountain streams of Palakkad district in Kerala. It can also be used as an ornamental fish. The new fish is taxonomically analyzed and compared with its congeners. This study revealed that Gobio augraoides Jerdon (1849) and Osteochilichthys nashii Day (1868) are the one and the same species. As the name augraoides was designated earlier than nashii, the former name gets priority; therefore, Osteochilichthys nashii is now rechristened as Osteochilichthys augraoides. Keywords: Palakkad hill ranges, Taxonomy, Description, New Species, Osteochilus INTRODUCTION Heckel (1843) described the cyprinid genus Scaphiodon as a heterogeneous assemblage of diverse fish forms. Some of these fish have been occurring at the Sind hills and Panjab; others in the Western Ghats. The north Indian and south Indian species can easily be distinguished, with the former having 2 pairs of barbels, 9- 16 branched dorsal fin rays and the last unbranched ray osseous and posteriorly serrated, 7 branched rays on the anal fin and the possession of a furrow between occiput and origin of the dorsal fin (Berg, 1933); south Indian forms are characterised by having 11 (rarely 10) branched rays on the dorsal fin, 5 (rarely 6) branched rays on the anal fin, last unbranched ray on the dorsal fin is smooth and devoid of barbels. The north Indian species Scaphiodon watsoni has been renamed as Cyprinion watsoni and Scaphiodon irregularis is now treated as a synonym of C. watsoni. South Indian species of Scaphiodon were studied well by Hora (1942). After the detailed examination of specimens described from the Western Ghats, he created the taxon Osteochilichthys as a subgenus of the genus Osteochilus Gunther (1868) and inserted Scaphiodon nashii and S. thomassi in Osteochilichthys as they are characterised by weak, non - osseous last simple dorsal fin rays. The other Western Ghats species namely S. brevidorsalis was inserted in another genus Kantaka; the latter is characterised by bearing a strong osseous dorsal spine. Currently, all the above four species are inserted in the genus Osteochilichthys. Osteochilus malabaricus Day (1873) is not considered as a distinct species; it is now treated as a synonym of O. nashii. During 2019- 2020 this author visited and explored many difficult- to- reach areas of Palakkad district in Kerala for fish collection and taxonomic analysis. This led to the procurement of many rare teleost fish, especially several little-known cyprinids. Six specimens of Osteochilichthys were obtained from a freshwater stream during the survey. Careful analysis revealed that they differ from their congeners in many distinct ways. So they are described here as a new species, Osteochilichthys elegans. Mathews Plamoottil Osteochilichthys elegans, a new cyprinid fish Bioscience Research, 2022 volume 19(2): 974-990 975 Fig. 1. Osteochilichthys elegans, V/F/NERC/ZSI/5420, Holotype, 133.2 mm SL, Mannarkkad, 10.98°N 76.47°E Fig. 2 A fresh specimen of Osteochilichthys elegans, ZSI/ANRC/M/27755, Paratype, 126.6 mm SL, Mannarkkad, 10.98°N 76.47°E Fig. 3. A preserved specimen of Osteochilichthys elegans, ZSI/ANRC/M/27755, Paratype, 117.1 mm
full pdf www.isisn.org/BR-19-2-2022/974-990-19(2)2022BR22-103.pdf
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A review of the gobiid fish genus Aulopareia (Gobiidae: Gobiinae) with description of a new species Aulopareia vadosa from Kuwait and discussion of the status of Gobius cyanomos Bleeker
PISCESGOBIID FISHESACENTROGOBIUSYONGEICHTHYSINDO-PACIFICAbstractThe tropical Indo-west Pacific gobiid fish genus Aulopareia Bleeker is reviewed, with all recognised species redescribed herein, apart from one uncertain species. Additionally, a new species from Kuwait is described (A. vadosa n. sp.). Of the 10 nominal species names usually assigned to this genus, only three appear to be valid Aulopareia (A. koumansi, A. ocellata and A. unicolor). From descriptions and illustrations, Acentrogobius microps Chu and Wu appears to be an Aulopareia but no material was available for study. The species that has been variously named as Acentrogobius cyanomos, Aulopareia cyanomos or Aulopareia spilopterus is redescribed. The status of two other species that may be related is also discussed: Gobius cyanoclavis Cantor and Gobius phaiomelas Bleeker. Aulopareia has been noted as being related to Parachaeturichthys.
mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5155.4.2 link
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A new Congrid eel, Rhynchoconger smithi sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Congridae), from the Bay of Bengal, India
Anil Mohapatra,Hsuan-Ching Ho,Smrutirekha Acharya,Dipanjan Ray,Subhrendu Sekhar Mishra
First published: 04 March 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15031
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SHAREAbstractA new Conger eel species is described based on four specimens collected from Petuaghat fishing harbour, West Bengal, India. The combination of morphological characters and molecular data are discordant with the seven congeners currently recognized. Rhynchoconger smithi sp. nov. can be distinguished by having head smaller than trunk; pre-anal length more than three times in total length; a small eye, diameter 2.0–2.2 in snout length; rictus ending at a vertical through posterior margin of pupil; ethmovomerine teeth patch small, with 58–74 blunt teeth arranged in seven to eight irregular rows; vomerine teeth patch small, with 18–28 granular teeth arranged in four to six irregular rows, distinctly separated by narrow spaces from the ethmovomerine and maxillary teeth; three supraorbital pores and one supra-temporal pore; and 159+ to 164 total vertebrae. Moreover, R. smithi differs significantly from four congeners, R. nitens, R. flavus, R. ectenurus and R. gracilior, with Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances 14.6%–20.3%.
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Anil Mohapatra,Hsuan-Ching Ho,Smrutirekha Acharya,Dipanjan Ray,Subhrendu Sekhar Mishra
First published: 04 March 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15031
Read the full text
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SHAREAbstractA new Conger eel species is described based on four specimens collected from Petuaghat fishing harbour, West Bengal, India. The combination of morphological characters and molecular data are discordant with the seven congeners currently recognized. Rhynchoconger smithi sp. nov. can be distinguished by having head smaller than trunk; pre-anal length more than three times in total length; a small eye, diameter 2.0–2.2 in snout length; rictus ending at a vertical through posterior margin of pupil; ethmovomerine teeth patch small, with 58–74 blunt teeth arranged in seven to eight irregular rows; vomerine teeth patch small, with 18–28 granular teeth arranged in four to six irregular rows, distinctly separated by narrow spaces from the ethmovomerine and maxillary teeth; three supraorbital pores and one supra-temporal pore; and 159+ to 164 total vertebrae. Moreover, R. smithi differs significantly from four congeners, R. nitens, R. flavus, R. ectenurus and R. gracilior, with Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances 14.6%–20.3%.
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Cyphocharax caboclo • Phylogenetic Evidence for the Cyphocharax saladensis Clade (Characiformes: Curimatidae) with Description of A New Species of Cyphocharax Endemic to the Upper Rio Paraguai Basin
Cyphocharax caboclo
Melo, Tencatt & Oliveira, 2022
DOI: 10.1643/i2021057
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps
Photographs by L. F. C. Tencatt.
Abstract
New genetic and morphological data support the recognition of a distinct monophyletic group, the Cyphocharax saladensis clade, which includes C. vanderi, C. saladensis, C. boiadeiro, and a new species. This four-species group can be recognized by modifications in the laterosensory system with instances of incomplete or interrupted poring, by the ontogenetic development of the lateral line with larger specimens having a more developed laterosensory system, and by the presence of a patch of dark pigmentation over the caudal peduncle. The new species is described from the upper Rio Correntes, an upland tributary of the upper Rio Paraguai in central Brazil and is diagnosed by the presence of a thin longitudinal black stripe, by the variable shapes of the dark blotches on the caudal peduncle, and by morphometric and meristic data. New mitochondrial data from paratypes provide clear evidence of genetic distinction between the new species and congeners, and additionally place it as the sister species to C. boiadeiro from the upper Rio Araguaia. Based on the updated molecular phylogeny and biogeographic information, we propose an evolutionary hypothesis with four events of river captures with subsequent allopatric speciation of the new species and C. boiadeiro in the Correntes and Araguaia systems. The new species is suggested to be categorized as Near Threatened, living in a strongly impacted region of the Brazilian Cerrado.
Cyphocharax caboclo, MNRJ 52506, holotype, 59.1 mm SL,
Brazil, Mato Grosso, Itiquira, Rio Correntes, upper Rio Paraguai basin.
Topotypes of Cyphocharax caboclo photographed alive, showing color pattern variation in lateral view (A–E). Smaller black dots randomly scattered on the body apparently caused by unknown parasites. Uncatalogued specimens ~40–50 mm SL.
Photographs by L. F. C. Tencatt.
Cyphocharax caboclo Melo, Tencatt, and Oliveira, new species
Etymology.--The specific epithet ‘‘caboclo’’ apparently derives from the Tupi, one of the most iconic Brazilian indigenous languages, caaboc (or caa´-boc), which means ‘‘the one removed from the woods.’’ The term is widely used in Brazil to designate a person born and raised in rural areas, generally connoting simplicity and kindness. The name honors the ‘‘caboclos’’ from all over Brazil. A noun in apposition.
Bruno F. Melo, Luiz F. C. Tencatt and Claudio Oliveira. 2022. Phylogenetic Evidence for the Cyphocharax saladensis Clade with Description of A New Species of Cyphocharax Endemic to the Upper Rio Paraguai Basin (Teleostei: Curimatidae). Ichthyology & Herpetology. 110(2); 327-339. DOI: 10.1643/i2021057 [31 May 2022]
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps/status/1531707677558161408
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Cyphocharax caboclo
Melo, Tencatt & Oliveira, 2022
DOI: 10.1643/i2021057
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps
Photographs by L. F. C. Tencatt.
Abstract
New genetic and morphological data support the recognition of a distinct monophyletic group, the Cyphocharax saladensis clade, which includes C. vanderi, C. saladensis, C. boiadeiro, and a new species. This four-species group can be recognized by modifications in the laterosensory system with instances of incomplete or interrupted poring, by the ontogenetic development of the lateral line with larger specimens having a more developed laterosensory system, and by the presence of a patch of dark pigmentation over the caudal peduncle. The new species is described from the upper Rio Correntes, an upland tributary of the upper Rio Paraguai in central Brazil and is diagnosed by the presence of a thin longitudinal black stripe, by the variable shapes of the dark blotches on the caudal peduncle, and by morphometric and meristic data. New mitochondrial data from paratypes provide clear evidence of genetic distinction between the new species and congeners, and additionally place it as the sister species to C. boiadeiro from the upper Rio Araguaia. Based on the updated molecular phylogeny and biogeographic information, we propose an evolutionary hypothesis with four events of river captures with subsequent allopatric speciation of the new species and C. boiadeiro in the Correntes and Araguaia systems. The new species is suggested to be categorized as Near Threatened, living in a strongly impacted region of the Brazilian Cerrado.
Cyphocharax caboclo, MNRJ 52506, holotype, 59.1 mm SL,
Brazil, Mato Grosso, Itiquira, Rio Correntes, upper Rio Paraguai basin.
Topotypes of Cyphocharax caboclo photographed alive, showing color pattern variation in lateral view (A–E). Smaller black dots randomly scattered on the body apparently caused by unknown parasites. Uncatalogued specimens ~40–50 mm SL.
Photographs by L. F. C. Tencatt.
Cyphocharax caboclo Melo, Tencatt, and Oliveira, new species
Etymology.--The specific epithet ‘‘caboclo’’ apparently derives from the Tupi, one of the most iconic Brazilian indigenous languages, caaboc (or caa´-boc), which means ‘‘the one removed from the woods.’’ The term is widely used in Brazil to designate a person born and raised in rural areas, generally connoting simplicity and kindness. The name honors the ‘‘caboclos’’ from all over Brazil. A noun in apposition.
Bruno F. Melo, Luiz F. C. Tencatt and Claudio Oliveira. 2022. Phylogenetic Evidence for the Cyphocharax saladensis Clade with Description of A New Species of Cyphocharax Endemic to the Upper Rio Paraguai Basin (Teleostei: Curimatidae). Ichthyology & Herpetology. 110(2); 327-339. DOI: 10.1643/i2021057 [31 May 2022]
twitter.com/IchsAndHerps/status/1531707677558161408
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Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA
PISCESENDEMISMGENOMICSTAXONOMYSCORPAENIFORMESRIFFLE SCULPINPIT SCULPINMITOCHONDRIAL INTROGRESSIONCYTONUCLEAR DISCORDANCEAbstractThe Riffle Sculpin (Cottus gulosus) is a small, bottom-dwelling fish regarded as widespread in the cool-water streams that flow into California’s Central Valley and into streams of the central California coast. Using population genomics, supported by other genetic, distributional, and meristic studies, we demonstrate that C. gulosus consists of three cryptic species with four subspecies (five lineages), all but one entirely endemic to California:
Cottus pitensis, Pit Sculpin Bailey and Bond 1963
Cottus gulosus, Inland Riffle Sculpin (Girard 1854)
- g. gulosus: San Joaquin Riffle Sculpin (Girard 1854), nominate subspecies
- g. wintu: Sacramento Riffle Sculpin, Moyle and Campbell 2022, new subspecies
The three species are endemic to California watersheds although the range of C. pitensis extends into southeastern Oregon. All are confined to cool headwater streams or to rivers with cold water releases below dams. Their populations are increasingly isolated from one another because of anthropogenic changes to California’s river systems and some are threatened with extinction. Providing taxonomic recognition of the distinct forms will improve conservation efforts on their behalf. This study also demonstrates how genomics can be used to resolve situations where signals from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA are in conflict.
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Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin
PISCESFRESHWATER ENDEMICGOBIOIDEIHABITAT FRAGMENTATIONHYBRIDIZATIONIRANSYSTEMATICSAbstractPonticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. is described as a new gobiid species from the Kaboudval Stream, southern Caspian Sea basin. The new species is diagnosed among Caspian Sea basin Ponticola species by the following combination of characters: second dorsal-fin branched rays 14–16, anal-fin branched rays 10–12, scales in lateral series 52–59; lower jaw slightly, if at all, prognathous; head and body yellowish brown showing a reticulate brown pattern on a yellow background, first dorsal fin with a marginal bright orangish-yellow band and a dark anterior spot, upper part of pectoral-fin base with a distinct dark brown stripe; length of third spine in first dorsal fin 13.4–18.3 % of standard length (SL), second dorsal-fin spine length 11.1–13.8 % SL, caudal peduncle length and depth 16.4–20.1 % and 11.1–12.8 % SL, respectively, head depth at nape 70.9–81.0 % of head length (HL), and at eye 52.5–66.0 % HL; sagittal otolith dorsal rim with a broad concavity in the middle, dorsal depression absent or indistinct, sulcus length/sulcus height and sulcus height/otolith height ratios 1.47–1.82 and 0.34–0.40, respectively. It is also characterised by a K2P nearest neighbour distance of 5% to P. kessleri in the mtDNA COI barcode region. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses suggested extensive hybridization between P. hircaniaensis sp. nov. and P. gorlap at Kaboudval, providing evidence for the first record of hybridization in the Ponto-Caspian gobiids. Based on narrow geographic range isolated above the Zarrin Gol Dam (< 2 km2), extensive hybridization with P. gorlap, and other threats, the new species should be considered Critically Endangered.
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Luciogobius punctilineatus • A New Earthworm Goby (Gobiiformes, Gobiidae) from southern Japan
Luciogobius punctilineatus
Koreeda & Motomura, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.2
kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Luciogobius punctilineatus n. sp. is described on the basis of 21 type specimens from Kyushu, and the Koshiki and Osumi Islands, southern Japan. It is also found in Kochi Prefecture (Shikoku) and Amami-oshima island (Ryukyu Islands), Japan, confirmed by examination of non-type specimens. The genus Luciogobius includes 15 valid and several undescribed species, and most of them inhabit interstitial spaces of stones and gravel in the intertidal zone. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: total second dorsal-fin rays 10–12 (modally 11); total anal-fin rays 12–14 (13); pectoral-fin rays 8–12 (10); vertebrae 16–18 + 22–24 = 39–42 (17 + 23 = 40); pectoral-fin posterior margin slightly concave; pelvic fins united, forming a ventral disc; snout relatively short, length 3.1–4.3% of SL; anus to anal-fin origin (AAA) distance twice body depth at anus, 11.4–16.9% of SL; snout length less than 34.7% of AAA distance; pre-anus length less than 85.5% of pre-anal-fin length; single poorly defined black longitudinal line along mid-lateral body region from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base, indistinct anteriorly (line embedded, visible through semi-transparent muscle tissue in fresh or live specimens); black spots forming a single longitudinal row on mid-lateral body surface from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base (more distinct in preserved specimens).
Keywords: Pisces, taxonomy, Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Gobiidae, cryptic diversity
Reo Koreeda and Hiroyuki Motomura. 2022. Luciogobius punctilineatus n. sp., A New Earthworm Goby from southern Japan. Zootaxa. 5138(2); 137-151. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.2
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Luciogobius punctilineatus
Koreeda & Motomura, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.2
kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Luciogobius punctilineatus n. sp. is described on the basis of 21 type specimens from Kyushu, and the Koshiki and Osumi Islands, southern Japan. It is also found in Kochi Prefecture (Shikoku) and Amami-oshima island (Ryukyu Islands), Japan, confirmed by examination of non-type specimens. The genus Luciogobius includes 15 valid and several undescribed species, and most of them inhabit interstitial spaces of stones and gravel in the intertidal zone. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: total second dorsal-fin rays 10–12 (modally 11); total anal-fin rays 12–14 (13); pectoral-fin rays 8–12 (10); vertebrae 16–18 + 22–24 = 39–42 (17 + 23 = 40); pectoral-fin posterior margin slightly concave; pelvic fins united, forming a ventral disc; snout relatively short, length 3.1–4.3% of SL; anus to anal-fin origin (AAA) distance twice body depth at anus, 11.4–16.9% of SL; snout length less than 34.7% of AAA distance; pre-anus length less than 85.5% of pre-anal-fin length; single poorly defined black longitudinal line along mid-lateral body region from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base, indistinct anteriorly (line embedded, visible through semi-transparent muscle tissue in fresh or live specimens); black spots forming a single longitudinal row on mid-lateral body surface from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base (more distinct in preserved specimens).
Keywords: Pisces, taxonomy, Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Gobiidae, cryptic diversity
Reo Koreeda and Hiroyuki Motomura. 2022. Luciogobius punctilineatus n. sp., A New Earthworm Goby from southern Japan. Zootaxa. 5138(2); 137-151. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.2
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Roy Southend,Leigh & Ditrict Aquarist Society`s premier Show goer at the Bracknell Open Show last weekend, Also attended by Gary and Kevin. The Shows are at last back on after the Covid shut downs!
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Synbranchus of the Middle to Lower Xingu Basin, Brazil, with the description of a new rheophilic species, S. royal (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae)
Mark Henry Sabaj, Mariangeles Arce H., Devon Donahue, Amanda Cramer, Leandro M. Sousa
Author Affiliations +
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 166(1):1-23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0119
AbstractSynbranchus (swamp eel) specimens exhibiting remarkable variation were collected from different habitats during recent fieldwork in the Xingu Basin, Brazil. For this study, those specimens were first sorted into about six morphotypes based on external morphology, especially color pattern. Representatives of each morphotype and additional specimens extralimital to the Xingu Basin were then sequenced for three mitochondrial genes (ATPase 8/6, 16s, and Cytb) and one nuclear (Rag1). Molecular phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods supported the recognition of five distinct lineages of Synbranchus in the middle to lower Xingu Basin and up to 10 species-level lineages across all samples. Two of the Xingu lineages were subsequently identified as the nominal S. marmoratus and S. madeirae, and another two were provisionally treated as Synbranchus spp. 5 and 7. The fifth lineage is formally described here as Synbranchus royal, distinguished by its extremely pronounced nuchal hump with dorsal head profile distinctly concave and rising steeply from above middle of eye vs. nuchal region moderately bulbous with dorsal profile ascending more gradually, straight or with shallow concavity behind eye (S. marmoratus) or nuchal hump lacking, dorsal profile ascending modestly, straight to scarcely concave behind eye (S. lampreia and S. madeirae); and relatively deep body, maximum depth at middle of TL 4.7–5.4% TL (vs. 3.2–4.8% TL in congeners). Synbranchus royal and Synbranchus sp. 7 were found in rocky rapids of main channels of the middle Xingu on the Brazilian Shield uplands, a sharp departure from the lentic habitats commonly associated with synbranchid (swamp) eels.
©2022 by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
Citation Download Citation
Mark Henry Sabaj, Mariangeles Arce H., Devon Donahue, Amanda Cramer, and Leandro M. Sousa "Synbranchus of the Middle to Lower Xingu Basin, Brazil, with the description of a new rheophilic species, S. royal (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae)," Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 166(1), 1-23, (27 May 2022). https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0119
Received: 18 April 2022; Accepted: 27 April 2022; Published: 27 May 2022
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Mark Henry Sabaj, Mariangeles Arce H., Devon Donahue, Amanda Cramer, Leandro M. Sousa
Author Affiliations +
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 166(1):1-23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0119
AbstractSynbranchus (swamp eel) specimens exhibiting remarkable variation were collected from different habitats during recent fieldwork in the Xingu Basin, Brazil. For this study, those specimens were first sorted into about six morphotypes based on external morphology, especially color pattern. Representatives of each morphotype and additional specimens extralimital to the Xingu Basin were then sequenced for three mitochondrial genes (ATPase 8/6, 16s, and Cytb) and one nuclear (Rag1). Molecular phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods supported the recognition of five distinct lineages of Synbranchus in the middle to lower Xingu Basin and up to 10 species-level lineages across all samples. Two of the Xingu lineages were subsequently identified as the nominal S. marmoratus and S. madeirae, and another two were provisionally treated as Synbranchus spp. 5 and 7. The fifth lineage is formally described here as Synbranchus royal, distinguished by its extremely pronounced nuchal hump with dorsal head profile distinctly concave and rising steeply from above middle of eye vs. nuchal region moderately bulbous with dorsal profile ascending more gradually, straight or with shallow concavity behind eye (S. marmoratus) or nuchal hump lacking, dorsal profile ascending modestly, straight to scarcely concave behind eye (S. lampreia and S. madeirae); and relatively deep body, maximum depth at middle of TL 4.7–5.4% TL (vs. 3.2–4.8% TL in congeners). Synbranchus royal and Synbranchus sp. 7 were found in rocky rapids of main channels of the middle Xingu on the Brazilian Shield uplands, a sharp departure from the lentic habitats commonly associated with synbranchid (swamp) eels.
©2022 by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
Citation Download Citation
Mark Henry Sabaj, Mariangeles Arce H., Devon Donahue, Amanda Cramer, and Leandro M. Sousa "Synbranchus of the Middle to Lower Xingu Basin, Brazil, with the description of a new rheophilic species, S. royal (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae)," Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 166(1), 1-23, (27 May 2022). https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0119
Received: 18 April 2022; Accepted: 27 April 2022; Published: 27 May 2022
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Rhonciscus pauco • A New Species of Deep-sea Grunt (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae) from Puerto Rico
Rhonciscus pauco
Tavera, Schärer-Umpierre & Acero P., 2022
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13502
Abstract
A fourth species of the genus Rhonciscus (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae) is described from various specimens collected by small-scale fishers from the insular upper slope of western Puerto Rico. The new species was molecularly recovered as sister to the Eastern Pacific R. branickii, to which it bears many morphological similarities. It is distinguished from other Rhonciscus species by the number of scale rows between the dorsal fin and the lateral line (7), larger and thus fewer scales along the lateral line (48–50), large eyes (9.4–10.4 times in SL), longer caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), larger sized penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last (7.4–9.5% in SL) dorsal fin spines which translates to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, and its opalescent silver with golden specks live coloration. This grunt, only now recognized by ichthyologists, but well known by local fishers that target snappers and groupers between 200 and 500 m in depth, occurs in far deeper waters than any western Atlantic grunt.
Rhonciscus pauco, sp. nov. OMNH 86864, holotype, 266 mm SL,
from Tres Cerros, Rincón, Puerto Rico.
Rhonciscus pauco, sp. nov. Underwater photograph taken at 218 m depth in western Puerto Rico.
Image: NOAA NCCOS 2022.
Rhonciscus pauco sp. nov.
Opalescent Grunt
(Spanish name: Ronco opalescente)
Diagnosis. A species of the genus Rhonciscus with XIII, 12 (total 25) dorsal-fin rays; anal-fin rays III, 7; pectoral-fin rays 15–16, 17(1); rather elongate body, maximum depth 32–37.4% SL; convex predorsal profile; eye large, its diameter 9.4% to 10.4% SL; snout subequal to eye, its length 7.6% to 11.5% SL; very coarse serrations on angle of preopercular margin; pectoral fin long (28–32.5% SL) extending beyond the tip of pelvic fin, barely reaching anus; head length 30–37.3% SL; longest dorsal-fin spine (fifth) (12.1–19.1% SL); relatively long and much thicker second anal-fin spine (16.4–21.8% SL), long caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), and a large size of the penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last dorsal-fin (7.4–9.5% in SL) spines which translate to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, eye diameter 0.5 to 0.6 times length of anal fin spine; maxilla reaching anterior border of pupil; seven scale rows between dorsal fin and lateral line; 48 to 50 lateral–line scales.
Distribution. Rhonciscus pauco is found on the deep shelf and upper slope of the western coast of the northeastern Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. We are uncertain of the species’ exact range, but fishers report capturing them exclusively in fine sediment habitats distributed between the municipalities of Rincón and Mayagüez, off western Puerto Rico (Fig. 1). No additional information is currently available.
Habitat. Collection depths range from 200–360 m in fine unconsolidated sediment or mud habitats (Fig. 5).
Etymology. The name pauco comes from the fisher’s nickname Paúco, Edwin Font, who already knew of this fish locally called burro or ronco (grunt). Mr. Font was the first to report and provided specimens to MS, although it is recognized by various fishers as a component of the deep-water catch in western Puerto Rico.
Jose Tavera, Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre and Arturo Acero P. 2022. A New Species of Deep-sea Grunt, Rhonciscus pauco (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae), from Puerto Rico. PeerJ. 10:e13502 . DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13502
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Rhonciscus pauco
Tavera, Schärer-Umpierre & Acero P., 2022
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13502
Abstract
A fourth species of the genus Rhonciscus (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae) is described from various specimens collected by small-scale fishers from the insular upper slope of western Puerto Rico. The new species was molecularly recovered as sister to the Eastern Pacific R. branickii, to which it bears many morphological similarities. It is distinguished from other Rhonciscus species by the number of scale rows between the dorsal fin and the lateral line (7), larger and thus fewer scales along the lateral line (48–50), large eyes (9.4–10.4 times in SL), longer caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), larger sized penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last (7.4–9.5% in SL) dorsal fin spines which translates to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, and its opalescent silver with golden specks live coloration. This grunt, only now recognized by ichthyologists, but well known by local fishers that target snappers and groupers between 200 and 500 m in depth, occurs in far deeper waters than any western Atlantic grunt.
Rhonciscus pauco, sp. nov. OMNH 86864, holotype, 266 mm SL,
from Tres Cerros, Rincón, Puerto Rico.
Rhonciscus pauco, sp. nov. Underwater photograph taken at 218 m depth in western Puerto Rico.
Image: NOAA NCCOS 2022.
Rhonciscus pauco sp. nov.
Opalescent Grunt
(Spanish name: Ronco opalescente)
Diagnosis. A species of the genus Rhonciscus with XIII, 12 (total 25) dorsal-fin rays; anal-fin rays III, 7; pectoral-fin rays 15–16, 17(1); rather elongate body, maximum depth 32–37.4% SL; convex predorsal profile; eye large, its diameter 9.4% to 10.4% SL; snout subequal to eye, its length 7.6% to 11.5% SL; very coarse serrations on angle of preopercular margin; pectoral fin long (28–32.5% SL) extending beyond the tip of pelvic fin, barely reaching anus; head length 30–37.3% SL; longest dorsal-fin spine (fifth) (12.1–19.1% SL); relatively long and much thicker second anal-fin spine (16.4–21.8% SL), long caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), and a large size of the penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last dorsal-fin (7.4–9.5% in SL) spines which translate to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, eye diameter 0.5 to 0.6 times length of anal fin spine; maxilla reaching anterior border of pupil; seven scale rows between dorsal fin and lateral line; 48 to 50 lateral–line scales.
Distribution. Rhonciscus pauco is found on the deep shelf and upper slope of the western coast of the northeastern Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. We are uncertain of the species’ exact range, but fishers report capturing them exclusively in fine sediment habitats distributed between the municipalities of Rincón and Mayagüez, off western Puerto Rico (Fig. 1). No additional information is currently available.
Habitat. Collection depths range from 200–360 m in fine unconsolidated sediment or mud habitats (Fig. 5).
Etymology. The name pauco comes from the fisher’s nickname Paúco, Edwin Font, who already knew of this fish locally called burro or ronco (grunt). Mr. Font was the first to report and provided specimens to MS, although it is recognized by various fishers as a component of the deep-water catch in western Puerto Rico.
Jose Tavera, Michelle T. Schärer-Umpierre and Arturo Acero P. 2022. A New Species of Deep-sea Grunt, Rhonciscus pauco (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae), from Puerto Rico. PeerJ. 10:e13502 . DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13502
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Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 20 (02) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0173
A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins
Rayane G. AguiarErick C. GuimarãesPâmella S. de BritoJadson P. SantosAxel M. KatzLuiz Jorge B. da S. DiasLuis Fernando Carvalho-CostaFelipe P. OttoniABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractA new species of Knodus from the Mearim and Munim River basins, Northeastern Brazil, is herein described based on integrative taxonomy, by using different molecular based species delimitation methods and independent approaches. The new species possesses the combination of character states that usually diagnoses the genus. The new species possesses a similar colour pattern to K. victoriae, which is also morphologically similar to it. The species described herein differs from K. victoriae by possessing more total vertebrae, more branched anal-fin rays, and fewer circumpeduncular scales. We also provide a detailed discussion of the morphological diagnostic features exhibited by Knodus species from adjacent river basins.
Keywords:
Cryptic species; Integrative Taxonomy; Stevardiinae
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A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins
Rayane G. AguiarErick C. GuimarãesPâmella S. de BritoJadson P. SantosAxel M. KatzLuiz Jorge B. da S. DiasLuis Fernando Carvalho-CostaFelipe P. OttoniABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractA new species of Knodus from the Mearim and Munim River basins, Northeastern Brazil, is herein described based on integrative taxonomy, by using different molecular based species delimitation methods and independent approaches. The new species possesses the combination of character states that usually diagnoses the genus. The new species possesses a similar colour pattern to K. victoriae, which is also morphologically similar to it. The species described herein differs from K. victoriae by possessing more total vertebrae, more branched anal-fin rays, and fewer circumpeduncular scales. We also provide a detailed discussion of the morphological diagnostic features exhibited by Knodus species from adjacent river basins.
Keywords:
Cryptic species; Integrative Taxonomy; Stevardiinae
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Pteragogus turdus, a new species of wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Indo-West Pacific OceanIchthyological Research (2022)Cite this article
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ecies of Microlepidogaster (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from rio Pardo, a coastal drainage in eastern BrazilPISCESBIODIVERSITYCASCUDINHOSFRESHWATER FISHNEOTROPICALTAXONOMYTELEOSTEIAbstractA new species of Microlepidogaster is described from rio Pardo drainage, a coastal basin in eastern Brazil. This species can be differentiated from its congeners by having the following unique features: 1) anterior portion of snout with a large odontode-free band extending laterally from the anterior tip of snout to the postrostral plate 2; 2) transverse process of second dorsal-fin pterygiophore exposed and bearing odontodes; and 3) exposed area of pectoral girdle extended to the mesial symphysis, with odontodes mainly distributed in the coracoid ventral expansion. The new species is further distinguished by several other morphological non-exclusive features. Recently, some Microlepidogaster species were reallocated to Rhinolekos. The taxonomic changes involving these genera is herein discussed.
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5134.1.5
PUBLISHED: 2022-05-09
Neodontobutis lani, a new sleeper fish of the family Odontobutidae (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) from Guangxi, southern China PISCESNEODONTOBUTISFRESHWATER SLEEPERSTHE XIJIANG RIVER AbstractA new species, Neodontobutis lani (Odontobutidae) is described from the Zuojiang River, a tributary of the Xijiang River of the Pearl River basin, at Longzhou Town, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Southern China. This species can be distinguished from other Neodontobutis species by following characters: anterior head flat, with interorbital width / eye diameter = 1.4–1.9 (vs. less than 1.4); several rows (vs. single row) of transforming ctenii on posterior edges of body scales; sensory papilla on lower jaw arranged in two oblong clusters (vs. two single lines). It can be distinguished from Odontobutis species by: separated right and left gill membrane (vs. joined); barbel-like projection present on sensory papillae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 2,076 nuclear coding loci indicates that N. lani is a sister species of N. hainanensis, the only Neodontobutis species that has been described from China.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-05-09
Neodontobutis lani, a new sleeper fish of the family Odontobutidae (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) from Guangxi, southern China PISCESNEODONTOBUTISFRESHWATER SLEEPERSTHE XIJIANG RIVER AbstractA new species, Neodontobutis lani (Odontobutidae) is described from the Zuojiang River, a tributary of the Xijiang River of the Pearl River basin, at Longzhou Town, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Southern China. This species can be distinguished from other Neodontobutis species by following characters: anterior head flat, with interorbital width / eye diameter = 1.4–1.9 (vs. less than 1.4); several rows (vs. single row) of transforming ctenii on posterior edges of body scales; sensory papilla on lower jaw arranged in two oblong clusters (vs. two single lines). It can be distinguished from Odontobutis species by: separated right and left gill membrane (vs. joined); barbel-like projection present on sensory papillae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 2,076 nuclear coding loci indicates that N. lani is a sister species of N. hainanensis, the only Neodontobutis species that has been described from China.
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New species of driftwood catfish of Tatia (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from rio Tapajós, Brazil
Frank Raynner V. Ribeiro1 , Cárlison Silva-Oliveira2 , Alberto Conceição F. da Silva3 and André L. Colares Canto1
PDF: EN XML: EN | Cite this article
Abstract A new species of Tatia is described from rio Tapajós, upstream of the rapids of São Luiz do Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is identified and diagnosed from its congeners through morphological characteristics such as the absence of an adipose fin, which is shared with T. akroa and T. britskii; the composition of the cranial roof elements; the color pattern consisting of dorsolateral dark dots formed by both dermal and epidermal pigments; as well as several morphometric measures. The new species is a Centromochlinae fish that feeds on insects on the surface of the water at night and it is probably endemic to rio Tapajós basin.
Keywords: Amazonia, Biodiversity, Centromochlinae, Freshwater fishes, Taxonomy.
Introduction
Tatia Miranda Ribeiro, 1911 is the most species-rich genus in Centromochlinae with 27 valid species of small to medium-sized auchenipterid catfishes that commonly are no more than 200 mm in standard length. Its representatives are widely distributed throughout most of the cis-Andean River basins in South America, i.e., the Orinoco, Amazon, São Francisco, and upper Paraná rivers, along with coastal rivers in the north of the continent between the mouths of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers (Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, 2020; Souza et al., 2020; Fricke et al., 2021).
The taxonomy of Tatia, as well as that of Auchenipteridae, has changed substantially over the past two decades as studies of phylogenetic relationships among the species of Centromochlinae have been addressed (e.g., Calegari et al., 2019; Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, 2020). According to Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro (2020), Tatia is a monophyletic group of auchenipterid catfish that is diagnosed by three autapomorphic and two non-exclusive features: anterior basibranchial cartilage narrow; coracoid process small, shorter than the pectoral-fin base; inclinator anales muscle in mature males that allow anal fin rotational movement to a transverse position; slit-like urogenital opening in females (shared with several Auchenipteridae); and modified anal-fin rays in mature males with the third unbranched and first branched rays converging to a pointed tip (shared with Gelanoglanis nanonocticolus Soares-Porto, Walsh, Nico & Netto, 1999).
Four species of Tatia are currently known to inhabit the rio Tapajós basin: T. brunnea Mees, 1974, T. intermedia (Steindachner, 1877), T. meridionalis (Sarmento-Soares, Cabeceira, Carvalho, Zuanon & Akama, 2013), and T. nigra Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2008 (Sarmento-Soares et al., 2013; Silva-Oliveira et al., 2016; Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, 2020). Specimens of a previously unknown species of Tatia, which is described herein, were collected during recent ichthyofaunal surveys undertaken throughout the rio Tapajós.
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𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑣𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒
An endangered new catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Cambeva gamabelardense n. sp.) (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Chapecó drainage, southern BrazilCosta, W. J. M., Feltrin, C. R. M., Katz, A. M.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2022.45.0123
RESUMNumerous species in fast–flowing streams of southern Brazil have not been described to date. As some of these species inhabit areas under pressure due to the ongoing, intense process of environmental degradation, formal descriptions are urgently needed so as to elaborate strategies for their conservation. We describe a new species, Cambeva gamabelardense n. sp., found in the middle Rio Chapecó drainage, Uruguay River basin, in an area where intense deforestation and soya plantation is endangering fish species. The new species is considered closely related to C. panthera, a species occurring in an isolated coastal basin about 380 km from the area inhabited by the new species, as the two species share a unique jaguar–like pattern on the flank. The new species differs from C. panthera by having shorter barbels, a different position of the origin of the dorsal–fin, more vertebrae, and osteological features that are unique among congeners.
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An endangered new catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Cambeva gamabelardense n. sp.) (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Chapecó drainage, southern BrazilCosta, W. J. M., Feltrin, C. R. M., Katz, A. M.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2022.45.0123
RESUMNumerous species in fast–flowing streams of southern Brazil have not been described to date. As some of these species inhabit areas under pressure due to the ongoing, intense process of environmental degradation, formal descriptions are urgently needed so as to elaborate strategies for their conservation. We describe a new species, Cambeva gamabelardense n. sp., found in the middle Rio Chapecó drainage, Uruguay River basin, in an area where intense deforestation and soya plantation is endangering fish species. The new species is considered closely related to C. panthera, a species occurring in an isolated coastal basin about 380 km from the area inhabited by the new species, as the two species share a unique jaguar–like pattern on the flank. The new species differs from C. panthera by having shorter barbels, a different position of the origin of the dorsal–fin, more vertebrae, and osteological features that are unique among congeners.
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The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae)
PISCESANATOLIABIODIVERSITYCASPIAN SEA BASINFRESHWATER FISHSALMO CASPIUSTAXONOMYAbstractThe taxonomic status of the resident and anadromous trout species native to the Kura and Aras river drainages is evaluated, and three resident species are recognised in the upper reaches of Kura and Aras drainages in Turkey. Salmo murathani, new species, is described from slow flowing tributaries of the Aras River. It is distinguished by the general body color dark greyish in life; the numerous black spots on body, present on the back and on the middle and upper parts of the flank, and on the anterior part of the lower flank in males and females larger than about 230 mm SL; the number of black spots increases with size, in both males and females; and various meristic and morphometric characters. Salmo araxensis, new species, is described from fast flowing tributaries of the Aras River. It is distinguished by the general body color greyish to brownish in life; only few black spots on the body, restricted to the back and the upper part of the flank, their number not increasing with size in both sexes; and various meristic and morphometric characters. Salmo ardahanensis, new species, is described from head waters of the Kura River. It is distinguished by the general body color dark brownish in life; the roundish black spots on the body, scattered on the back, and the middle and upper parts of the flank in most specimens, rarely restricted to the back and the upper part of the flank; in females, the black spots are few, restricted to the back and the upper part of the flank; the number of black spots increases slightly with size in males; the adipose fin is large, almost reaching to caudal-fin base in males larger than about 170 mm SL; and various meristic and morphometric characters.
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Phylogenetic Evidence for the Cyphocharax saladensis Clade with Description of a New Species of Cyphocharax Endemic to the Upper Rio Paraguai Basin (Teleostei: Curimatidae) Bruno F. Melo1 , Luiz F. C. Tencatt2 , and Claudio Oliveira3
Photo Cyphocharax caboclo, MNRJ 52506, holotype, 59.1 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Itiquira, Rio Correntes, upper Rio Paraguai basin.
| 10-ih-110-02-09_327..339.pdf |
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Our second event of the year is taking place at the Kempshott Village hall, Basingstoke.
We are changing things slightly for this show, we are not selling tickets online and all payments will be made on admission. Admission is priced at £3.00 for BLA and AofA members and £5.00 for non-members. Included with admission is day membership to the event for its duration (To comply with FHI/DEFRA guidelines) and £5.00 of free raffle tickets.
There will be a livebearer show featuring 7 classes, Including awards for 'best in show' and a 'novice award'
If you would like to enter fish into show, details of classes, joining criteria and who to contact will be made available on this page, next week.
Letters are now available for the livebearer auction, if you wouild like an auction letter please contact Steve Oliver (steven.oliver63@btinternet.com).
There will be a Raffle, Sales tables and there will be food and hot/cold drinks available.
look forward to seeing you all there.
==========================
We are changing things slightly for this show, we are not selling tickets online and all payments will be made on admission. Admission is priced at £3.00 for BLA and AofA members and £5.00 for non-members. Included with admission is day membership to the event for its duration (To comply with FHI/DEFRA guidelines) and £5.00 of free raffle tickets.
There will be a livebearer show featuring 7 classes, Including awards for 'best in show' and a 'novice award'
If you would like to enter fish into show, details of classes, joining criteria and who to contact will be made available on this page, next week.
Letters are now available for the livebearer auction, if you wouild like an auction letter please contact Steve Oliver (steven.oliver63@btinternet.com).
There will be a Raffle, Sales tables and there will be food and hot/cold drinks available.
look forward to seeing you all there.
==========================
Phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, and the role of Cenozoic events in the diversification of mountain catfishes
Wilson J. E. M. Costa, José Leonardo O. Mattos, Wagner M. S. Sampaio, Patrícia Giongo, Frederico B. de Almeida, Axel M. KatzAbstractThe Brazilian Cerrado highlands shelter the headwaters of the three largest South American hydrographic basins, where a great species diversity is concentrated, but some biological groups are still insufficiently known. The focal taxa of this study are trichomycterid catfishes of the subgenus Cryptocambeva, genus Trichomycterus, endemic to mountain areas of south-eastern Brazil. The primary objective of this study is to test through a molecular phylogeny if a new species collected in streams of the upper Rio Paraná basin draining the Serra da Canastra is sister to T. macrotrichopterus, endemic to the upper Rio São Francisco at another facet of the Serra da Canastra, as suggested by morphological data. The analysis corroborated sister group relationships between these two species, besides supporting four main clades in Cryptocambeva, each of them endemic to distinct mountain regions. A time-calibrated analysis supported the divergence timing between the new species and T. macrotrichopterus at the Pliocene, which is chronologically compatible with the final period of intense fluvial configuration re-arrangement, when São Francisco headwater streams were captured by the Paraná basin. The new species herein described is similar to T. macrotrichopterus and distinguished from all other species of Cryptocambeva by having a long pectoral-fin filament. These two species are distinguished from each other by characteristics of the latero-sensory system, colour pattern and bone morphology.
Key Wordsmolecular systematics, mountain biodiversity, osteology, paleo-drainages, Rio Paraná basin
IntroductionStudies on the Cerrado biota have quickly increased since the 1980s (Oliveira and Marquis 2002). However, some groups are still insufficiently known, including mountain catfishes of the Trichomycterinae (hereafter trichomycterines), the largest subfamily of the Neotropical siluriform family Trichomycteridae (Katz et al. 2018; Costa and Katz 2021). Trichomycterines occur in all areas of the Cerrado, but they are particularly diverse in mountain ranges of south-eastern Brazil (Costa 1992; Triques and Vono 2004; Alencar and Costa 2006; Barbosa and Costa 2010; Costa and Katz 2021; Costa et al. 2021a, b).
The great trichomycterine species diversity concentrated in mountain ranges of south-eastern Brazil is probably a consequence of the past Cenozoic scenario, characterised by intense re-arrangements of the hydrographic systems due to generalised uplift during the Neogene (Riccomini et al. 2004; Valadão 2009). Events of drainage capture by neighbouring basins were frequent until the Pliocene (Rezende et al. 2018), probably shaping the distribution pattern of fish species (Costa and Katz 2021; Costa et al. 2022a, b).Substantial evidence supports the upper and middle sections of the Rio Grande drainage, presently a main tributary of the upper Rio Paraná basin, as being formerly connected to the Rio São Francisco basin, a configuration that was changed after the capture of the Rio Grande drainage by the Rio Paraná basin during the Middle Miocene (Rezende et al. 2018).
The main focus of this study is an undescribed species of Trichomycterus, subgenus Cryptocambeva Costa, 2021, from the upper Rio Araguari drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin. Cryptocambeva comprises 16 species and is diagnosable by a unique morphology of the latero-posterior portion of the neurocranium and adjacent posterior region, including a relatively small posttemporo-supracleithrum separated by large interspaces from adjacent bones, and a narrow and long lateral extremity of the pterotic, with its tip extending beyond the lateral margin of the neurocranium (Costa 2021). The new taxon here described exhibits a long pectoral-fin filament, suggesting it is closely related to T. macrotrichopterus Barbosa & Costa, 2010, the only other species of Cryptocambeva having a similar long filament (Barbosa and Costa 2010). More interestingly, these two species were only found in rivers drainages separated by the Serra da Canastra, a mountain range of about 3,000 km2 that is part of a series of mountain ranges situated between the upper Rio Paraná and upper Rio São Francisco basins. The northeastern facet of the Serra da Canastra is a major watershed divide between the headwaters of the Rio Araguari drainage, of the Rio Paranaíba drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, where the new taxon was found, and the headwaters of the main course of the Rio São Francisco basin, where can be found the type locality of T. macrotrichopterus (Costa & Barbosa, 2010).
The primary objectives of this study are to perform a multigene phylogenetic analysis to test the phylogenetic positioning of the new taxon and to provide a formal description to it. The secondary objective is to conduct a dating analysis in order to establish if the estimated divergence timing for Cryptocambeva lineages from south-eastern Brazil is compatible with the available model for the temporal drainage network evolution.
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Wilson J. E. M. Costa, José Leonardo O. Mattos, Wagner M. S. Sampaio, Patrícia Giongo, Frederico B. de Almeida, Axel M. KatzAbstractThe Brazilian Cerrado highlands shelter the headwaters of the three largest South American hydrographic basins, where a great species diversity is concentrated, but some biological groups are still insufficiently known. The focal taxa of this study are trichomycterid catfishes of the subgenus Cryptocambeva, genus Trichomycterus, endemic to mountain areas of south-eastern Brazil. The primary objective of this study is to test through a molecular phylogeny if a new species collected in streams of the upper Rio Paraná basin draining the Serra da Canastra is sister to T. macrotrichopterus, endemic to the upper Rio São Francisco at another facet of the Serra da Canastra, as suggested by morphological data. The analysis corroborated sister group relationships between these two species, besides supporting four main clades in Cryptocambeva, each of them endemic to distinct mountain regions. A time-calibrated analysis supported the divergence timing between the new species and T. macrotrichopterus at the Pliocene, which is chronologically compatible with the final period of intense fluvial configuration re-arrangement, when São Francisco headwater streams were captured by the Paraná basin. The new species herein described is similar to T. macrotrichopterus and distinguished from all other species of Cryptocambeva by having a long pectoral-fin filament. These two species are distinguished from each other by characteristics of the latero-sensory system, colour pattern and bone morphology.
Key Wordsmolecular systematics, mountain biodiversity, osteology, paleo-drainages, Rio Paraná basin
IntroductionStudies on the Cerrado biota have quickly increased since the 1980s (Oliveira and Marquis 2002). However, some groups are still insufficiently known, including mountain catfishes of the Trichomycterinae (hereafter trichomycterines), the largest subfamily of the Neotropical siluriform family Trichomycteridae (Katz et al. 2018; Costa and Katz 2021). Trichomycterines occur in all areas of the Cerrado, but they are particularly diverse in mountain ranges of south-eastern Brazil (Costa 1992; Triques and Vono 2004; Alencar and Costa 2006; Barbosa and Costa 2010; Costa and Katz 2021; Costa et al. 2021a, b).
The great trichomycterine species diversity concentrated in mountain ranges of south-eastern Brazil is probably a consequence of the past Cenozoic scenario, characterised by intense re-arrangements of the hydrographic systems due to generalised uplift during the Neogene (Riccomini et al. 2004; Valadão 2009). Events of drainage capture by neighbouring basins were frequent until the Pliocene (Rezende et al. 2018), probably shaping the distribution pattern of fish species (Costa and Katz 2021; Costa et al. 2022a, b).Substantial evidence supports the upper and middle sections of the Rio Grande drainage, presently a main tributary of the upper Rio Paraná basin, as being formerly connected to the Rio São Francisco basin, a configuration that was changed after the capture of the Rio Grande drainage by the Rio Paraná basin during the Middle Miocene (Rezende et al. 2018).
The main focus of this study is an undescribed species of Trichomycterus, subgenus Cryptocambeva Costa, 2021, from the upper Rio Araguari drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin. Cryptocambeva comprises 16 species and is diagnosable by a unique morphology of the latero-posterior portion of the neurocranium and adjacent posterior region, including a relatively small posttemporo-supracleithrum separated by large interspaces from adjacent bones, and a narrow and long lateral extremity of the pterotic, with its tip extending beyond the lateral margin of the neurocranium (Costa 2021). The new taxon here described exhibits a long pectoral-fin filament, suggesting it is closely related to T. macrotrichopterus Barbosa & Costa, 2010, the only other species of Cryptocambeva having a similar long filament (Barbosa and Costa 2010). More interestingly, these two species were only found in rivers drainages separated by the Serra da Canastra, a mountain range of about 3,000 km2 that is part of a series of mountain ranges situated between the upper Rio Paraná and upper Rio São Francisco basins. The northeastern facet of the Serra da Canastra is a major watershed divide between the headwaters of the Rio Araguari drainage, of the Rio Paranaíba drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, where the new taxon was found, and the headwaters of the main course of the Rio São Francisco basin, where can be found the type locality of T. macrotrichopterus (Costa & Barbosa, 2010).
The primary objectives of this study are to perform a multigene phylogenetic analysis to test the phylogenetic positioning of the new taxon and to provide a formal description to it. The secondary objective is to conduct a dating analysis in order to establish if the estimated divergence timing for Cryptocambeva lineages from south-eastern Brazil is compatible with the available model for the temporal drainage network evolution.
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Deeply divergent freshwater fish species within a single river system in central Sulawesi- Oryzias. landangiensis.Highlights
•We discovered a ricefish species from a river in central Sulawesi.
•This river shares estuarine waters with another river where its sister species occurs.
•These two species are genetically isolated despite freshwater drainage connectivity.
•Coalescent-based demographic inference demonstrated that they are of lake-origin.
•They are probably relic species left in these rivers due to lost dispersal ability.
AbstractSulawesi is a biodiversity hotspot for ricefishes (Adrianichthyidae), with many species endemic to the central part of this island in single ancient lakes or lake systems. Frequent vicariance by lake fragmentation since the Pliocene may be largely responsible for diversification in this family. In this study, we demonstrate that not only lacustrine species but also riverine species in this area are also deeply divergent even within a single river system. A mitochondrial phylogeny revealed that a ricefish population newly discovered from Cerekang River is sister to Oryzias dopingdopingensis Mandagi, Mokodongan, Tanaka, & Yamahira, another riverine species endemic to Doping-doping River. However, the Cerekang Oryzias was genetically isolated from O. dopingdopingensis, despite that Cerekang River and Doping-doping River share a connection across estuarine waters. This separation was supported by phylogenomic trees and population genetic structure analyses based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Coalescent-based demographic inference demonstrated that the ancestral population of these two riverine ricefishes had experienced a substantial population decrease and subsequently diverged into two sub-populations. Because the Cerekang Oryzias was also morphologically distinguished from O. dopingdopingensis, we described it as a new species, O. landangiensis. We infer that O. landangiensis and O. dopingdopingensis are of lake-origin and are relic species which were left in these rivers after the lake disappeared, and that they have lost their dispersal ability when inhabiting the ancient lake. The lost dispersal ability possibly contributed to the formation of the biodiversity hotspot for this fish group on this island.
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•We discovered a ricefish species from a river in central Sulawesi.
•This river shares estuarine waters with another river where its sister species occurs.
•These two species are genetically isolated despite freshwater drainage connectivity.
•Coalescent-based demographic inference demonstrated that they are of lake-origin.
•They are probably relic species left in these rivers due to lost dispersal ability.
AbstractSulawesi is a biodiversity hotspot for ricefishes (Adrianichthyidae), with many species endemic to the central part of this island in single ancient lakes or lake systems. Frequent vicariance by lake fragmentation since the Pliocene may be largely responsible for diversification in this family. In this study, we demonstrate that not only lacustrine species but also riverine species in this area are also deeply divergent even within a single river system. A mitochondrial phylogeny revealed that a ricefish population newly discovered from Cerekang River is sister to Oryzias dopingdopingensis Mandagi, Mokodongan, Tanaka, & Yamahira, another riverine species endemic to Doping-doping River. However, the Cerekang Oryzias was genetically isolated from O. dopingdopingensis, despite that Cerekang River and Doping-doping River share a connection across estuarine waters. This separation was supported by phylogenomic trees and population genetic structure analyses based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Coalescent-based demographic inference demonstrated that the ancestral population of these two riverine ricefishes had experienced a substantial population decrease and subsequently diverged into two sub-populations. Because the Cerekang Oryzias was also morphologically distinguished from O. dopingdopingensis, we described it as a new species, O. landangiensis. We infer that O. landangiensis and O. dopingdopingensis are of lake-origin and are relic species which were left in these rivers after the lake disappeared, and that they have lost their dispersal ability when inhabiting the ancient lake. The lost dispersal ability possibly contributed to the formation of the biodiversity hotspot for this fish group on this island.
================================
The B.L.A. had a livebearer Open show judged to FBAS rules inside their big Spring Auction on Sunday 24th April.
Heres some pics of some of the fish ,the winners,the auction / racking and the day....well done to the BLA for another successful event and now its BRACKNELL AQUARIST SOCIETY'S turn in 3 weeks to carry on the FBAS return to more shows hopefully.
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Heres some pics of some of the fish ,the winners,the auction / racking and the day....well done to the BLA for another successful event and now its BRACKNELL AQUARIST SOCIETY'S turn in 3 weeks to carry on the FBAS return to more shows hopefully.
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5138.2.6
PUBLISHED: 2022-05-17
Silurichthys exortivus, a new catfish (Teleostei: Siluridae) from eastern Borneo, Indonesia
PISCESOSTARIOPHYSISILURIFORMESKALIMANTAN TIMURAbstractSilurichthys exortivus, a new species of silurid catfish, is described from the Mahakam River drainage in eastern Borneo. The new species can be distinguished from congeners in lacking a dorsal fin, having 4 (vs. 6–7) principal rays on the upper caudal-fin lobe and a combination of: body depth at anus 14.0% SL, caudal peduncle depth 5.1% SL, pelvic fins absent, 54 anal-fin rays, caudal fin with asymmetrical lobes (upper lobe 1.1 times longer than lower), 48 vertebrae, 1 gill raker on the first branchial arch, and a mottled brown body. Based on the reduced number of principal caudal-fin rays, S. exortivus, S. ligneolus and S. sanguineus are hypothesized to form an exclusively Bornean clade.
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PUBLISHED: 2022-05-17
Silurichthys exortivus, a new catfish (Teleostei: Siluridae) from eastern Borneo, Indonesia
PISCESOSTARIOPHYSISILURIFORMESKALIMANTAN TIMURAbstractSilurichthys exortivus, a new species of silurid catfish, is described from the Mahakam River drainage in eastern Borneo. The new species can be distinguished from congeners in lacking a dorsal fin, having 4 (vs. 6–7) principal rays on the upper caudal-fin lobe and a combination of: body depth at anus 14.0% SL, caudal peduncle depth 5.1% SL, pelvic fins absent, 54 anal-fin rays, caudal fin with asymmetrical lobes (upper lobe 1.1 times longer than lower), 48 vertebrae, 1 gill raker on the first branchial arch, and a mottled brown body. Based on the reduced number of principal caudal-fin rays, S. exortivus, S. ligneolus and S. sanguineus are hypothesized to form an exclusively Bornean clade.
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DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5138.2.2
PUBLISHED: 2022-05-17
Luciogobius punctilineatus n. sp., a new earthworm goby from southern Japan
PISCESTAXONOMYACTINOPTERYGIITELEOSTEIGOBIIDAECRYPTIC DIVERSITYAbstractLuciogobius punctilineatus n. sp. is described on the basis of 21 type specimens from Kyushu, and the Koshiki and Osumi Islands, southern Japan. It is also found in Kochi Prefecture (Shikoku) and Amami-oshima island (Ryukyu Islands), Japan, confirmed by examination of non-type specimens. The genus Luciogobius includes 15 valid and several undescribed species, and most of them inhabit interstitial spaces of stones and gravel in the intertidal zone. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: total second dorsal-fin rays 10–12 (modally 11); total anal-fin rays 12–14 (13); pectoral-fin rays 8–12 (10); vertebrae 16–18 + 22–24 = 39–42 (17 + 23 = 40); pectoral-fin posterior margin slightly concave; pelvic fins united, forming a ventral disc; snout relatively short, length 3.1–4.3% of SL; anus to anal-fin origin (AAA) distance twice body depth at anus, 11.4–16.9% of SL; snout length less than 34.7% of AAA distance; pre-anus length less than 85.5% of pre-anal-fin length; single poorly defined black longitudinal line along mid-lateral body region from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base, indistinct anteriorly (line embedded, visible through semi-transparent muscle tissue in fresh or live specimens); black spots forming a single longitudinal row on mid-lateral body surface from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base (more distinct in preserved specimens).
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PUBLISHED: 2022-05-17
Luciogobius punctilineatus n. sp., a new earthworm goby from southern Japan
PISCESTAXONOMYACTINOPTERYGIITELEOSTEIGOBIIDAECRYPTIC DIVERSITYAbstractLuciogobius punctilineatus n. sp. is described on the basis of 21 type specimens from Kyushu, and the Koshiki and Osumi Islands, southern Japan. It is also found in Kochi Prefecture (Shikoku) and Amami-oshima island (Ryukyu Islands), Japan, confirmed by examination of non-type specimens. The genus Luciogobius includes 15 valid and several undescribed species, and most of them inhabit interstitial spaces of stones and gravel in the intertidal zone. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: total second dorsal-fin rays 10–12 (modally 11); total anal-fin rays 12–14 (13); pectoral-fin rays 8–12 (10); vertebrae 16–18 + 22–24 = 39–42 (17 + 23 = 40); pectoral-fin posterior margin slightly concave; pelvic fins united, forming a ventral disc; snout relatively short, length 3.1–4.3% of SL; anus to anal-fin origin (AAA) distance twice body depth at anus, 11.4–16.9% of SL; snout length less than 34.7% of AAA distance; pre-anus length less than 85.5% of pre-anal-fin length; single poorly defined black longitudinal line along mid-lateral body region from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base, indistinct anteriorly (line embedded, visible through semi-transparent muscle tissue in fresh or live specimens); black spots forming a single longitudinal row on mid-lateral body surface from behind pectoral fin to caudal-fin base (more distinct in preserved specimens).
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A new diminutive subterranean eel loach species of the genus Pangio (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Southern India PISCESFRESHWATER FISHGROUNDWATERTAXONOMYWESTERN GHATS AbstractA second subterranean species of Pangio is described from an old dug-out well in Kerala, Southern India. The new species, Pangio pathala is unique within the genus in possessing the highest number (27) of caudal vertebrae. Pangio pathala is distinguished from P. bhujia, the only subterranean Pangio species known so far, in having four pectoral-fin rays (vs. three), five anal-fin rays (vs. six), 67 vertebrae (40 abdominal and 27 caudal vertebrae) (vs. 62–63), and a raw genetic distance of 8.1–8.7% in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene. This paper also provides an additional record of Pangio bhujia from a location 40 km south of the type locality.
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Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1775Full paper
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europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1775Full paper
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Poecilocharax callipterus & P. rhizophilus • The Monophyly of Crenuchinae and Description of Two New Species of Poecilocharax (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) based on Phenotypic and Genotypic
Evidence
River microhabitat of Poecilocharax callipterus
Murilo N.L. Pastana & Willian M. Ohara
May 16, 2022
Media Photo/Video
Murilo N.L. Pastana & Willian M. Ohara
The recently described Poecilocharax callipterus, male above and female below. Notice the dimorphic coloration and dorsal- and anal-fin elongation. Males are reddish in color and slightly darker than females and have a conspicuously long filament on the dorsal and anal fins. Dimorphism is a term scientists use to describe the differences in appearance between males and females of the same species. Fish size ~3 centimeters.The river microhabitat (photo 1) where Poecilocharax callipterus (photo 2) was discovered. This species is found among vegetation accumulating along the riverbanks, such as the aquatic grass in the lower-left corner of the photo. P. callipterus lives in blackwater rivers, which are tinted by leaves and other organic matter that accumulate at the bottom of the river.
Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History researcher Murilo Pastana and his colleagues have discovered and described two new species of Amazonian fish—one with striking red-orange fins and the other so small it is technically considered a miniature fish species—in a paper published today, May 16, in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Both species inhabit waters located at the bleeding edge of human encroachment into the Amazon rainforest roughly 25 miles north of the Brazilian city of Apuí.
Poecilocharax callipterus & P. rhizophilus • The Monophyly of Crenuchinae and Description of Two New Species of Poecilocharax (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) based on Phenotypic and Genotypic Evidence
Poecilocharax callipterus
Ohara, Pastana & Camelier, 2022
DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac026
twitter.com/NMNH
Abstract
Crenuchinae is a subfamily of the fish family Crenuchidae distributed in the Amazon Basin with pronounced sexual dimorphism and exuberant colour patterns. Recent fieldwork in the tributaries of the Rio Aripuanã drainage, a large tributary of the Rio Madeira (Amazon Basin), resulted in the discovery of two distinctive, undescribed species of the crenuchin genus Poecilocharax, which are formally described herein, combining morphological and molecular data. These are the first representatives of Crenuchinae discovered after a gap of 57 years and the first records of Poecilocharax from the tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Amazonas draining the Brazilian crystalline shield. Based on a taxonomic review including all species of the subfamily, we provide an expanded morphological diagnosis for Crenuchinae. This now includes characteristics related to the lateral-line canals of head and body, the number of dorsal-fin rays and sexually dimorphic traits. In addition, we review previous characteristics used to diagnose Crenuchus and Poecilocharax, providing comments on their polarity and distribution across the subfamily. A dichotomous key is provided for the first time for species of Crenuchinae.
Amazon, COI gene, DNA, freshwater fishes, lateral line, phylogeny, taxonomy, tetras
Poecilocharax rhizophilus
Willian M. Ohara, Murilo Pastana and Priscila Camelier. 2022. The Monophyly of Crenuchinae and Description of Two New Species of Poecilocharax (Teleostei: Crenuchidae) based on Phenotypic and Genotypic Evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlac026. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac026
twitter.com/NMNH/status/1526225093541642240
==========================
Evidence
River microhabitat of Poecilocharax callipterus
Murilo N.L. Pastana & Willian M. Ohara
May 16, 2022
Media Photo/Video
Murilo N.L. Pastana & Willian M. Ohara
The recently described Poecilocharax callipterus, male above and female below. Notice the dimorphic coloration and dorsal- and anal-fin elongation. Males are reddish in color and slightly darker than females and have a conspicuously long filament on the dorsal and anal fins. Dimorphism is a term scientists use to describe the differences in appearance between males and females of the same species. Fish size ~3 centimeters.The river microhabitat (photo 1) where Poecilocharax callipterus (photo 2) was discovered. This species is found among vegetation accumulating along the riverbanks, such as the aquatic grass in the lower-left corner of the photo. P. callipterus lives in blackwater rivers, which are tinted by leaves and other organic matter that accumulate at the bottom of the river.
Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History researcher Murilo Pastana and his colleagues have discovered and described two new species of Amazonian fish—one with striking red-orange fins and the other so small it is technically considered a miniature fish species—in a paper published today, May 16, in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Both species inhabit waters located at the bleeding edge of human encroachment into the Amazon rainforest roughly 25 miles north of the Brazilian city of Apuí.
Poecilocharax callipterus & P. rhizophilus • The Monophyly of Crenuchinae and Description of Two New Species of Poecilocharax (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) based on Phenotypic and Genotypic Evidence
Poecilocharax callipterus
Ohara, Pastana & Camelier, 2022
DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac026
twitter.com/NMNH
Abstract
Crenuchinae is a subfamily of the fish family Crenuchidae distributed in the Amazon Basin with pronounced sexual dimorphism and exuberant colour patterns. Recent fieldwork in the tributaries of the Rio Aripuanã drainage, a large tributary of the Rio Madeira (Amazon Basin), resulted in the discovery of two distinctive, undescribed species of the crenuchin genus Poecilocharax, which are formally described herein, combining morphological and molecular data. These are the first representatives of Crenuchinae discovered after a gap of 57 years and the first records of Poecilocharax from the tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Amazonas draining the Brazilian crystalline shield. Based on a taxonomic review including all species of the subfamily, we provide an expanded morphological diagnosis for Crenuchinae. This now includes characteristics related to the lateral-line canals of head and body, the number of dorsal-fin rays and sexually dimorphic traits. In addition, we review previous characteristics used to diagnose Crenuchus and Poecilocharax, providing comments on their polarity and distribution across the subfamily. A dichotomous key is provided for the first time for species of Crenuchinae.
Amazon, COI gene, DNA, freshwater fishes, lateral line, phylogeny, taxonomy, tetras
Poecilocharax rhizophilus
Willian M. Ohara, Murilo Pastana and Priscila Camelier. 2022. The Monophyly of Crenuchinae and Description of Two New Species of Poecilocharax (Teleostei: Crenuchidae) based on Phenotypic and Genotypic Evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlac026. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac026
twitter.com/NMNH/status/1526225093541642240
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5138.1.1
PUBLISHED: 2022-05-16
Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)
PISCESTAXONOMYMORPHOMETRICSCOISPECIES DELIMITATIONHIMALAYA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTALLOPATRIC DISTRIBUTIONSEXUAL DICHROMATISMAbstractDario tigris, new species, is described from mountain streams south of Mogaung, in the Ayeyarwaddy River basin, Myanmar. It differs from congeneric species by its unique colour pattern, which consists of a series of eight straight vertical bars, the first two of which in males are ash-grey and the subsequent six are orange-red in life, combined with a series of small black spots arranged in three to four rows dorsolaterally on the head and nape. It differs further from its close relative Dario hysginon, with which it may occur syntopically, by fewer dorsal-fin spines (modally 14 vs modally 15), and fewer vertebrae (modally 12+12=24 vs modally 12+13= 25). Dario melanogrammus, new species, is another barred Dario from the Chindwin River basin. It differs from all other species of the genus by its zigzagging dark vertical bars; amongst Myanmar species, it can be further distinguished from D. hysginon and D. tigris by more vertebrae (modally 26 vs 25 in D. hysginon, and 24 in D. tigris).
References
PUBLISHED: 2022-05-16
Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)
PISCESTAXONOMYMORPHOMETRICSCOISPECIES DELIMITATIONHIMALAYA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTALLOPATRIC DISTRIBUTIONSEXUAL DICHROMATISMAbstractDario tigris, new species, is described from mountain streams south of Mogaung, in the Ayeyarwaddy River basin, Myanmar. It differs from congeneric species by its unique colour pattern, which consists of a series of eight straight vertical bars, the first two of which in males are ash-grey and the subsequent six are orange-red in life, combined with a series of small black spots arranged in three to four rows dorsolaterally on the head and nape. It differs further from its close relative Dario hysginon, with which it may occur syntopically, by fewer dorsal-fin spines (modally 14 vs modally 15), and fewer vertebrae (modally 12+12=24 vs modally 12+13= 25). Dario melanogrammus, new species, is another barred Dario from the Chindwin River basin. It differs from all other species of the genus by its zigzagging dark vertical bars; amongst Myanmar species, it can be further distinguished from D. hysginon and D. tigris by more vertebrae (modally 26 vs 25 in D. hysginon, and 24 in D. tigris).
References
Britz, R. (2010) A new earthworm eel of the genus Chaudhuria from the Ayeyarwaddy River drainage, Myanmar (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes: Chaudhuriidae). Zootaxa, 2571 (1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2571.1.4
Britz, R., Ali, A. & Philip, S. (2012) Dario urops, a new species of badid fish from the Western Ghats, southern India (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Badidae). Zootaxa, 3348 (1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3348.1.5
Britz, R. & Ali, A. (2015) Dario huli, a new species of badid from Karnataka, southern India (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Badidae). Zootaxa, 3911 (1), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.9
Britz, R. & Kullander, S.O. (2013) Dario kajal, a new species of badid fish from Meghalaya, India (Teleostei: Badidae). Zootaxa, 3731 (3), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.3.3
Britz, R., Anoop, V.K. & Dahanukar, N. (2018). Dario neela, a new species of badid fish from the Western Ghats of India (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Badidae). Zootaxa, 4429 (1), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.1.6
Conte-Grand, C., Britz R., Dahanukar, N., Raghavan, R., Pethiyagoda, R., Tan, H.H., Hadiaty, R.K., Yaakob, N.S. & Rüber, L. (2017) Barcoding snakeheads (Teleostei, Channidae) revisited: Discovering greater species diversity and resolving perpetuated taxonomic confusions. PLoS ONE, 12 (9), e0184017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184017
Gregory, J.W. (1925) The evolution of the river system of south-eastern Asia. The Scottish geographical magazine, 41, 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00369222508734474
Kullander, S. O. & Britz R. (2002) Revision of the family Badidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), with descriptions of a new genus and ten new species. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 13, 295–372.
Kullander, S., Norén, M., Rahman, Md. M. & Mollah, A.R. (2019) Chameleonfishes in Bangladesh: hipshot taxonomy, sibling species, elusive species, and limit of species delimitation (Teleostei: Badidae). Zootaxa, 4586 (2), 301–337. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.7
Plinius Secundus Maior, G. (535–1538) Naturalis Historia. Aldus, Venetia, 314 + 303 + 195 pp., index.
Rüber, L., Britz, R., Kullander, S.O. & Zardoya, R. (2004) Evolutionary and biogeographic patterns of the Badidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 1010–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.020
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30, 1312–1313. [PMID: 24451623] https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Swofford, D.L. (2002) Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 144 pp.
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.G. (1985) Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium, 9, 107–119.
Ward, R., Zemlak, T., Innes, B., Last, P. & Hebert, P. (2005) DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 360, 1847–1857. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716
Weitzman, S.H. & Vari, R.P. (1988) Miniaturization in South American freshwater fishes; an overview and discussion. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 101, 444–465.
“Tropical Truth”: A Fresh, Science-Based Look at Hawaii’s Aquarium Fishery12 May, 2022
“We’ve collected data for over 17 years from over 6,700 surveys and have found that aquarium fish populations are generally stable and increasing in West Hawai’i where, again, most of these aquarium fish are collected. The populations of Yellow Tang and Kole – which are the two most heavily collected species – are not declining. In recent years, they’ve both been increasing both in the protected areas and in open areas. […] If you define sustainable as the numbers remaining the same and/or increasing, then they’re sustainable.”
—Dr. Bruce Carlson,
former Waikiki Aquarium Director and Chief Science Officer at the Georgia Aquarium From CORAL Contributor Art Parola comes this news:
“A new website has been released to promote the efforts of the Hawaiian fishermen. There are some significant deadlines approaching in Hawaii, and it would be good to make people aware of this new resource.”
Randall Kosaki, Ph.D., NOAA scientistThe content has videos, graphics, and references that lend scientific support to the arguments that the aquarium fishery in the Hawaiian Islands has a track record of sustainability and not causing the loss marine biodiversity.
Among the biologists and fishery observers quoted are Dr. William Walsh (state fisheries biologist); Dr. Bruce Carlson (former director, Waikiki Aquarium); Ron Tubbs, Tony & Sally Nahacky (AQ collectors); Dr. Richard Pyle (Bishop Museum); Dr. Randall Kosaki (NOAA), and others.
Excerpt
“A picture of a fish is worth 1,000 words, but in many ways a live fish in an aquarium is worth 1,000 pictures. It really does compel people to care not just about that fish in the aquarium but the habitat that it came from.”
—Randall Kosaki, Ph.D., NOAA scientist
https://tropicaltruth.com/https://tropicaltruth.com/
==========================
.
“We’ve collected data for over 17 years from over 6,700 surveys and have found that aquarium fish populations are generally stable and increasing in West Hawai’i where, again, most of these aquarium fish are collected. The populations of Yellow Tang and Kole – which are the two most heavily collected species – are not declining. In recent years, they’ve both been increasing both in the protected areas and in open areas. […] If you define sustainable as the numbers remaining the same and/or increasing, then they’re sustainable.”
—Dr. Bruce Carlson,
former Waikiki Aquarium Director and Chief Science Officer at the Georgia Aquarium From CORAL Contributor Art Parola comes this news:
“A new website has been released to promote the efforts of the Hawaiian fishermen. There are some significant deadlines approaching in Hawaii, and it would be good to make people aware of this new resource.”
Randall Kosaki, Ph.D., NOAA scientistThe content has videos, graphics, and references that lend scientific support to the arguments that the aquarium fishery in the Hawaiian Islands has a track record of sustainability and not causing the loss marine biodiversity.
Among the biologists and fishery observers quoted are Dr. William Walsh (state fisheries biologist); Dr. Bruce Carlson (former director, Waikiki Aquarium); Ron Tubbs, Tony & Sally Nahacky (AQ collectors); Dr. Richard Pyle (Bishop Museum); Dr. Randall Kosaki (NOAA), and others.
Excerpt
“A picture of a fish is worth 1,000 words, but in many ways a live fish in an aquarium is worth 1,000 pictures. It really does compel people to care not just about that fish in the aquarium but the habitat that it came from.”
—Randall Kosaki, Ph.D., NOAA scientist
https://tropicaltruth.com/https://tropicaltruth.com/
==========================
.
Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 20 (02) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0143 COPYNew species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Xingu River basinGabriel S. C. SilvaLuz E. OchoaÍthalo S. CastroABOUT THE AUTHORSAbstractHeptapteridae is a diverse group of catfishes composed of 231 valid species endemic to the Neotropical region, recognized in two subfamilies: Rhamdiinae and Heptapterinae. Phenacorhamdia is a Heptapterinae member and currently has 13 valid species broadly distributed throughout the main river basins of South America. Here we described a new species of Phenacorhamdia from the Xingu River basin. Morphological data were obtained from 30 specimens under 23 morphometric measures and 6 meristic counts. The new species differs from congeners based on the exclusive combination of the following diagnostic characters: atypical mottled colored body and all fins with interradial membranes mottled pigmented; multicuspid teeth; maxillary barbel reaching pectoral-fin origin; lacking a short extension of the first pectoral-fin ray; caudal fin lobes extremely elongated and pointed; and 43−45 total vertebrae.
Keywords:
Amazon River basin; Brazilian Shield; Catfishes; Taxonomy
ResumoHeptapteridae é um grupo diverso de bagres neotropicais composto por 231 espécies válidas, endêmicas da região Neotropical, divididas em duas subfamílias: Rhamdiinae e Heptapterinae. Phenacorhamdia é um membro de Heptapterinae e atualmente possui 13 espécies válidas amplamente distribuídas pelos principais rios da América do Sul. Aqui nós descrevemos uma nova espécie de Phenacorhamdia da bacia do rio Xingu. Dados morfológicos foram obtidos de 30 espécimes, 23 medidas morfométricas e seis contagens merísticas. A nova espécie é diferenciada de suas congêneres com base na seguinte combinação de características: um atípico corpo manchado com as membranas interradiais de todas as nadadeiras manchadas; dentes multicuspidados; barbilhão maxilar atingindo a origem da nadadeira peitoral; ausência de uma curta extensão do primeiro raio da nadadeira peitoral; lóbulos da nadadeira caudal extremamente alongados e pontiagudos, e 43−45 vértebras.
Palavras-chave:
: Bacia do rio Amazonas; Bagres; Escudo Brasileiro; Taxonomia
INTRODUCTIONPhenacorhamdiaDahl, 1961 is a genus of Heptapteridae a Neotropical catfish family widely distributed from southern Mexico to Pampas of Argentina (Bockmann & Guazzelli, 2003). According to Britski, (1993) and Bockmann (1998:367), species of the genus are distinguished by having small eyes covered by integument, prognathous mouth, second pore of the nasal canal located far posterior to the anterior nostril, the epioccipital process prominent, and neural and hemal spines of posterior vertebrae inclined 30º or less. Phenacorhamdia was considered a junior synonym of Heptapterus Bleeker, 1858 by Mees, (1974). Still, posteriorly, Britski, (1993), in the description of Phenacorhamdia unifasciata recognized the genus as valid and proposed some morphological features as potentially diagnostic for the genus. The genus was recovered as a member of an unnamed monophyletic group composed of Chasmocranus Eigenmann, 1912, Pariolius Cope, 1872, and two undescribed genera in a phylogenetic analysis by Bockmann, (1998). Recently, in comprehensive Heptapteridae phylogeny based on UCEs, Silva et al., (2021) found two major subclades, classified as the subfamilies Rhamdiinae and Heptapterinae. Phenacorhamdia was recognized as a member of Heptapterinae and belonged to the large tribe Heptapterini, in the Clade 3, together with Pariolius and Cetopsorhamdia Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916.
Currently, Phenacorhamdia includes 13 valid species (Fricke et al., 2021) widespread in the South America river basins: P. anisura (Mees, 1987), P. macarenensisDahl, 1961, P. provenzanoi DoNascimiento & Milani, 2008, and P. taphorni DoNascimiento & Milani, 2008 occur throughout the Orinoco River basin in Venezuela and Colombia; P. tenuis (Mees, 1986) in the Guiana Shield; in the upper Amazon, P. boliviana (Pearson, 1924) occurs in the Madeira River basin in Bolivia and Brazil; P. nigrolineataZarske, 1998 in streams from Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia; in the Brazilian Shield, P. cabocla Rocha, Ramos & Ramos, 2018 in the Parnaíba River basin, P. somnians (Mees, 1974) in Araguaia River basin, P. hoehnei (Miranda Ribeiro, 1914) in Paraguay; and P. roxoi Silva, 2020, P. tenebrosa (Schubart, 1964), and P. unifasciataBritski, 1993 in the upper Paraná River basin. In addition, Silva et al., (2021) recognized four undescribed species of Phenacorhamdia occurring in the Amazon basin in the Brazilian Shield, from the Tocantins, Xingu, and Tapajós river basins. Below we described one of these species from the Xingu River basin.
MATERIAL AND METHODSMeasurements and counts were taken from the left side of specimens and made point to point to the nearest 0.1 mm with digital calipers. Measurements and abbreviations follow DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008). Morphometrics is given as percentages of standard length (SL), except for subunits of the head, which are expressed as percentages of head length (HL). Specimens were cleared and stained (c&s) according to Taylor, Van Dyke, (1985). The number of branchiostegals, gill rackers, vertebrae, ribs, and supporting elements of dorsal and anal fins positions were determined in cleared and stained specimens and radiographs. Vertebral counts include the first five vertebrae in the Weberian apparatus and the compound caudal centrum was counted as one. The osteology nomenclature follows Bockmann, Castro, (2010). Nomenclature for supraorbital and infraorbital sensory pores and lateral-lines canal and branches following Bockmann, Castro, (2010). Data on pectoral, anal, and caudal-fin rays, pleural ribs, and total vertebrae for Phenacorhamdia anisura, P. provenzanoi, P. tenuis, and P. taphorni were taken from DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008). Phenacorhamdia cabocla, P. macarenensis, and P. nigrolineata data were obtained from their original descriptions (Dahl, 1961; Zarske, 1998; Rocha et al., 2018) and for P. boliviana from images of the syntype, available at CAS Ichthyology Primary Types Imagebase website (http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/types/Index.asp). Additional data were obtained from the BMNH (P. somnians) and MNRJ (P. hoehnei) images collections. Counts are given in parentheses, and an asterisk indicates the holotype. Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj, (2020). Zoological nomenclature follows the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).
RESULTSPhenacorhamdia suia, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74342E2A-673C-405D-9CEA-46CC289C4C7E
(Figs. 1−3; Tab. 1)
Phenacorhamdia n. sp. 2. Xingu. --Silva et al., 2021: fig. 1 [phylogenetic relationships of Heptapteridae].
Holotype. MNRJ 24850, 81.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, São Félix do Araguaia, Xingu River basin, Comandante Fontoura River basin, Santa Luzia stream, 11°19’30”S 52°17’06”W, 16 Jan 2002, P. Buckup, A. Aranda, F. Silva & C. Figueiredo.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Xingu River basin. Mato Grosso State: LBP 15885, 1, 32.9 mm SL, Canarana, Tanguro River, Culuene River, 13º25’30.9”S 52º16’47.0”W, 1 Aug 2012, C. Oliveira, M. I. Taylor, G. J. Costa-Silva & J. H. M Martinez. LBP 15886, 6, 57.1−79.9 mm SL (2 c&s, 44.9−51.3 mm SL), Canarana, Tanguro River, Culuene River, 13º25’30.9”S 52º16’47.0”W, 1 Aug 2012, C. Oliveira, M. I. Taylor, G. J. Costa-Silva & J. H. M Martinez. LBP 15910, 1, 32.6 mm SL, Canarana, Coronél Vanick River, 13º31’34.1”S 52º43’52.5”W, 2 Aug 2012, C. Oliveira, M. I. Taylor, G. J. Costa-Silva & J. H. M Martinez. LBP 16013, 1, 37.1 mm SL, unnamed stream affluent of Culuene River, 13º27’26.9”S 53º09’36.6”W, 3 Aug 2012, Oliveira, M. I. Taylor & G. J. Costa-Silva. LBP 16014, 1, 47.8 mm SL, Gaúcha do Norte, Culuene River, 13º27’26.9”S 53º09’36.6”W, 3 Aug 2012, Oliveira, M. I. Taylor & G. J. Costa-Silva. LBP 16017, 1, 47.6 mm SL, Gaúcha do Norte, affluent of Culuene River, 13º26’32.8”S 53º08’45.1”W, 3 Aug 2012, Oliveira, M. I. Taylor & G. J. Costa-Silva. MZUSP 86862, 15, 23.2−44.9 mm SL, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Suiazinho River, 12º57’10.0”S 51º51’08.0”W, 16 Out 2004, O. T. Oyakawa, J. L. Birindelli & C. Oliveira. MZUSP 86875.0, 2, 24.5−26.4 mm SL, Canarana, Capim stream, 13º30’46.0”S 52º23’36”W, 17 Out 2004, C. Moreira, M. I. Landim, J. C. Nolasco & A. Datovo. MZUSP 86846, 1, 30.0 mm SL, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Turvo River, 13º13’28.0”S 51º55’50.0”W, 16 Out 2004, Axe team. Pará State: LBP 16703, 2, 31.4−35.7 mm SL, Vitória do Xingu, Fonte Boa stream, 02º58’12.3”S 52º05’11”W, C. Oliveira, R. Britzke & L. M. Souza.
FIGURE 1 |
Phenacorhamdia suia, MNRJ 24850, holotype, 81.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, São Félix do Araguaia, upper Xingu River basin. Photographed by Dario Faustino-Fuster.
Diagnosis.Phenacorhamdia suia differs from all congeners by having an atypical mottled colored body (Figs. 1−2) (vs. uniformly counter-shaded, without mottled pattern; with a longitudinal dark brown stripe along the dorsal half of the body in P. unifasciata), and by having all fins with interradial membranes pigmented and mottled (vs. fins with interradial membranes hyaline). Additionally, P. suia differs from all congeners, except P. taphorni by having multicuspid teeth (vs. conical teeth) (Fig. 3). The new species differs from some of its congeners by maxillary barbel reaching pectoral-fin origin (vs. maxillary barbel reaching the end of adpressed pectoral fin in P. anisura, P. boliviana, P. nigrolineata, and P. tenebrosa; reaching half the length of pectoral fin in P. tenuis; surpassing pectoral fin in P. provenzanoi and P. taphorni; reaching pelvic-fin origin in P. macarenensis); lacking a short extension of the first pectoral-fin ray (vs. present in P. anisura, P. macarenensis, P. nigrolineata, P. provenzanoi, and P. taphorni), by caudal fin deeply forked with extremely elogated and pointed lobes (vs. moderately pointed in P. hoehnei; rounded in P. somnians); and by having 43−45 total vertebrae (vs. 39 in P. taphorni; 41 in P. hoehnei; 41−42 in P. tenebrosa; 46−47 P. unifasciata; 47−48 in P. provenzanoi; 53−55 in P. tenuis).
FIGURE 2 |
Phenacorhamdia suia, paratypes, LBP 15886: A. 79.9 mm SL; B. 65.7 mm SL; C. 56.0 mm SL. Photographed by Lais Reia.
Description. Morphometric data are summarized in Tab. 1. Small-sized Heptapteridae (largest specimen 81.8 mm SL). In dorsal view, body elongated progressively more compressed from dorsal-fin base to caudal peduncle. Greatest body width at cleithral region, progressively narrowing anteriorly towards snout tip and posteriorly towards caudal fin. In lateral view, body depressed and convex profile from the end of head to dorsal-fin origin; slightly convex from dorsal-fin origin to adipose-fin origin; straight from adipose-fin origin to caudal peduncle. In lateral view, ventral profile convex and descending from snout tip to opercular region; slightly convex from opercular region to pelvic-fin origin; straight from that point to anal-fin origin; slightly concave from that point to lower procurrent caudal-fin ray origin. Head depressed, dorsally covered by skin with small papillae. Snout short and rounded in dorsal view. Dorsal profile of head convex (in large specimens) or straight (in small specimens) from snout tip to the occipital region. Subcutaneous eyes, dorsally positioned, just anterior of the midpoint of head. Mouth gape slightly superior (prognathous). Premaxillary and dentary teeth arranged in a rectangular patch of several irregular rows. Distal portion of teeth flattened and multicuspid. Maxillary barbel reaching the base of first pectoral-fin ray, when adpressed. Outer mental barbel longer than inner barbel. Inner and outer mental barbels aligned. Outer mental barbels reaching posterior margin of branchiostegal membrane. Anterior and posterior nares tubular. Gill membranes free, supported by seven (2) branchiostegals and joined to isthmus only at anterior point. Five (2) gill rakers along the anterior border of the first ceratobranchial.
FIGURE 3 |
Left dentary of Phenacorhamdia suia, paratype, LBP 15886, 51.3 mm SL (c&s). A. Dorsal view of medial portion of dentary teeth (scale bar = 0.1 mm) and B. Dorsal view of entirely dentary teeth (scale bar = 0.5 mm).
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TABLE 1 |
Morphometric data for Phenacorhamdia suia. SD = standard deviation; N = number of specimens.
Laterosensory canal of the head with simple tubes ending in single pores. Supraorbital sensory canal usually with five branches and pores: s1, s2, s3, and s8. Supraorbital pore 1 medially adjacent to anterior nares. Supraorbital s2 and infraorbital i2 fused (forming complex s2+i2) at midway between anterior and posterior nares, s3 inside posterior nares, at the notch of the cutaneous membrane. s4, s5, and s6 pores absent. The s8 at the posterior surface of the frontal. Infraorbital laterosensory canal with six branches pores: i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, and i6, with i2 fused to s2. Infraorbital pore i1 adjacent to anterior nares, between nares and maxillary barbel; i2+s2 neared to anterior nares. Pore i3 laterally positioned at midway between anterior and posterior nares; i4 at vertical through anterior orbit; i5 posterior to eye. Pore i6 located posterior to pore i5, vertical through pm9. Preoperculo mandibular canal with 12 lateral-line branches and pores: pm1 in the medial portion of dentary; pm2, pm3, and pm4 aligned anteriorly to inner and outer mental barbel; pm5 dorsal to outer mental barbel base; pm6 just posterior to pm5; pm7 and pm8 at vertical through anterior and posterior orbit respectively. Four pores in the preopercle region: pm9, pm10, pm11+po1, and po2 (Fig. 4).
FIGURE 4 |
Lateral, dorsal and ventral view of head of Phenacorhamdia suia, LBP 15886, 79.9 mm SL, paratype, showing the cephalic laterosensory pores. Infraorbital pores (i1–i6); Preoperculomandibular pores (pm1–pm11); Postotic pores (po1–po2); Supraorbital pores (s1–s3, and s8).
Precaudal vertebrae 15*(3), caudal vertebrae 27*(1) or 30(2), totaling 43*(1) or 45(2) vertebrae. First hemal spine on vertebra 16*(1) or 17(2). Hemal spine of vertebrae 26*(1) or 27(2) to 31(2) or 32*(1) bifid (Fig. 5). Eight(2) or nine*(1) ribs (Fig. 6).
FIGURE 5 |
Lateral view of bifid hemal spines of vertebrae 27 to 31, located dorsally to anal-fin pterygiophores. Phenacorhamdia suia, paratype, LBP 15886 (1 c&s), 51.3 mm SL.
Pectoral fin with one unbranched and seven branched rays (30). Pelvic-fin origin at vertical through dorsal-fin origin and with i,5(30) rays. First pelvic-fin ray shortest, second and third branched rays longest. Dorsal fin with i,6(30) rays. Dorsal fin unbranched ray slightly convex. First basal radial inserted in the 13º vertebra, and last basal radial anterior to the neural spine of vertebra 18. Adipose fin long (15.3−22.5% SL). Anal fin with v,8*(7) or v,9(23) rays. Anal fin supported by 10 basal and 8 distal radials. Caudal skeleton composed of a plate formed by parhypural + hypurals 1 and 2 in the lower lobe, upper lobe plate formed by hypurals 3 and 4 fused, hypural 5 free, and a pleurostyle. Caudal fin forked with i,7*(3)+7,i*(1) or 8,i(2) principal rays. Caudal-fin lobes long, the ventral longer (27.6−35.6% SL) than dorsal lobe (25.8−32.1% SL). Twelve (2) to thirteen (2) procurrent rays in dorsal and ventral lobes.
FIGURE 6 |
Radiograph images of the holotype of Phenacorhamdia suia, MNRJ 24850, 81.8 mm SL. Lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views.
Color in alcohol. Overall pigmentation mottled (with light brown background and irregular dark brown blotches formed by minutes and concentrated melanophores that overlap each other) (Figs. 1−2), becoming ventrally mostly unpigmented. Interradial membranes of all fins pigmented as the body.
Geographical distribution.Phenacorhamdiasuia is known from nine localities from the upper and lower Xingu River basins (Fig. 7). The type-locality is Santa Luzia stream, Comandante Fontoura River basin. Other sites are Culuene, Coronel Vanick, Suiazinho, Turvo Rivers, Capim and Fonte Boa streams, and two unnamed streams.
FIGURE 7 |
Geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia suia in Brazilian Shield. Black star = holotype. Red circles = paratypes localities.
Etymology. The specific name “suia” refers to the Suias indigenous people who, since the 90’s, have stood out in the fight to protect the Suiá-Missu River environment and for recovery of their traditional lands outside the limits of Xingu park. A noun in apposition.
Conservation status.Phenacorhamdiasuia is a widely distributed species in the Xingu basin, known from nine localities; moreover, the areas where the specimens were collected are relatively well preserved. Because there is no imminent threat to the species, P. suia is recommended to be categorized as Least Concern (LC), according to the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019).
DISCUSSIONThe new species is unequivocally placed within Phenacorhamdia since it has five of the six synapomorphies for the genus proposed by Bockmann (1998:368): (1) posterior process of epioccipital prominent; (2) prognathous mouth; (3) neural and hemal spines of the posterior vertebrae inclined 30º or less; (4) eight branched rays in the lower lobe of the caudal fin; and (5) second pore of the supraorbital nasal canal located too far posteriorly from the anterior nostril. Phenacorhamdia suia lacks one synapomorphy: the first pectoral-fin ray is slightly longer than the second. Phenacorhamdia suia exhibits the first pectoral-fin ray shorter than the second ray. Additionally, the genus placement of P. suia is supported by the phylogenomic hypothesis of Heptapteridae based on the UCEs dataset proposed by Silva et al., (2021). In that study, P. suia (there named as Phenacorhamdia n. sp. 2. Xingu) was more related to typical species of Phenacorhamdia: P. roxoi, P. somnians, and three new species from Tapajós and Tocantins rivers of the Amazon basin.
Although Phenacorhamdia is recognized as a monophyletic group, different hypotheses of relationship at the intergeneric level have been proposed. Bockmann, (1998) proposed Phenacorhamdia as the sister group to Pariolius armillatus Cope, 1872 and a new genus, consisting of two species: Imparfinis microps Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916 and an undescribed form. In the last hypothesis, Chasmocranus Eigenmann, 1912 was in a basal position as the sister group of Phenacorhamdia (Pariolius (Imparfinis microps, undescribed species)). Subsequently, DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008) found morphological evidence of phylogenetic affinities of Phenacorhamdia with Chasmocranus, based on both genera share distinctive bifid hemal spines of the vertebrae immediately dorsal to the insertion of the anal-fin pterygiophores. In contrast with the last hypothesis, Silva et al., (2021) placed Phenacorhamdia as sister to Pariolius, suggesting the homoplasic evolution of single to bifid spines in Heptapteridae.
Phenacorhamdia suia has a peculiar tooth morphology with maxillary and dentary teeth with several tiny cusps (Fig. 3). This character was first reported by DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008) in P. taphorni and two undescribed species from the Paraná and Mamoré River basin, indicating a putative close relationship between the species mentioned above and P. suia. Although this character seems to be essential evidence to a putative natural group inside Phenacorhamdia, a phylogenetic study with a dense number of species is required to evaluate if the multicuspid teeth (primary homology) can be confirmed as a synapomorphic condition or if this character evolved several times independently.
The new species described here was collected in several localities of the upper Xingu River basin in Mato Grosso State (LBP 15910, 15885, 15886, 16014, 16017, 16013; MNRJ 24850; MZUSP 86862, 86875, 86846) and a single stream in the lower Xingu River basin, in Pará State (LBP 16703), far from the upper portion of the Xingu River (Fig. 4). Silva et al., (2021) analyzed both the samples from the upper (LBP 16017) and lower (LBP 16703) Xingu River in their phylogeny and confirmed that these specimens form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, the specimens from the lower portion have the same diagnostic characters found in the specimens from the upper portion.
Comparative material examined.Phenacorhamdia boliviana: Bolivia. CAS 63632, syntype, photo and x-ray, 47.0 mm SL. Brazil. LBP 12008, 1, 41.0 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia cabocla: Brazil. LBP 5550, 1, 40.0 mm SL. UFPB 10041, 1 c&s, 59.2 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia hoehnei: Brazil. MNRJ 787, lectotype, photo and x-ray, 29.7 mm SL. NUP 21562, 5, 37.3–70.2 mm SL, 1 c&s, 73.4 mm SL. ZUFMS 1969, 46.5–66.0 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata: Peru. MTD F 20728, holotype, photo and x-ray, 37.6 mm SL. MTD F 17472, paratype, photo and x-ray, 33.2 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia roxoi: Brazil. MZUSP 125819, holotype, 63.2 mm SL. LBP 1994, paratypes, 11, 24.1–83.7 mm SL, 3 c&s, 42.9–83.7 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia somnians: Brazil. BMNH 1971.7.29.4, holotype, photo and x-ray, 55.0 mm SL. LBP 2468, 45.8 mm SL. LBP 2474, 4, 35.8–47.6 mm SL. LBP 5717, 3, 55.0–46.2 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia tenebrosa: Brazil. LBP 29845, topotype, 20, 46.3–27.5 mm SL, 2 c&s, 37.6–38.6 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia unifasciata: Brazil. DZSJRP 14228, 4, 44.8–53.1 mm SL, 1 c&s, 54.0 mm SL.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThanks to colleagues for the loan of specimens and curatorial assistance: Carla S. Pavanelli, Marli Campos (NUP), Francisco Langeani (DZSJRP), and Francisco Severo Neto (ZUFMS); Lais Reia for helping with the figures; J. Maclaine (BMNH) for the images of the type and Dario Faustino-Fuster for the image of the holotype. We also thank the research support from FAPESP grant #2021/12979–8 (GSCS) and CNPq grant #140174/2018–4 (ISC).
REFERENCES
Keywords:
Amazon River basin; Brazilian Shield; Catfishes; Taxonomy
ResumoHeptapteridae é um grupo diverso de bagres neotropicais composto por 231 espécies válidas, endêmicas da região Neotropical, divididas em duas subfamílias: Rhamdiinae e Heptapterinae. Phenacorhamdia é um membro de Heptapterinae e atualmente possui 13 espécies válidas amplamente distribuídas pelos principais rios da América do Sul. Aqui nós descrevemos uma nova espécie de Phenacorhamdia da bacia do rio Xingu. Dados morfológicos foram obtidos de 30 espécimes, 23 medidas morfométricas e seis contagens merísticas. A nova espécie é diferenciada de suas congêneres com base na seguinte combinação de características: um atípico corpo manchado com as membranas interradiais de todas as nadadeiras manchadas; dentes multicuspidados; barbilhão maxilar atingindo a origem da nadadeira peitoral; ausência de uma curta extensão do primeiro raio da nadadeira peitoral; lóbulos da nadadeira caudal extremamente alongados e pontiagudos, e 43−45 vértebras.
Palavras-chave:
: Bacia do rio Amazonas; Bagres; Escudo Brasileiro; Taxonomia
INTRODUCTIONPhenacorhamdiaDahl, 1961 is a genus of Heptapteridae a Neotropical catfish family widely distributed from southern Mexico to Pampas of Argentina (Bockmann & Guazzelli, 2003). According to Britski, (1993) and Bockmann (1998:367), species of the genus are distinguished by having small eyes covered by integument, prognathous mouth, second pore of the nasal canal located far posterior to the anterior nostril, the epioccipital process prominent, and neural and hemal spines of posterior vertebrae inclined 30º or less. Phenacorhamdia was considered a junior synonym of Heptapterus Bleeker, 1858 by Mees, (1974). Still, posteriorly, Britski, (1993), in the description of Phenacorhamdia unifasciata recognized the genus as valid and proposed some morphological features as potentially diagnostic for the genus. The genus was recovered as a member of an unnamed monophyletic group composed of Chasmocranus Eigenmann, 1912, Pariolius Cope, 1872, and two undescribed genera in a phylogenetic analysis by Bockmann, (1998). Recently, in comprehensive Heptapteridae phylogeny based on UCEs, Silva et al., (2021) found two major subclades, classified as the subfamilies Rhamdiinae and Heptapterinae. Phenacorhamdia was recognized as a member of Heptapterinae and belonged to the large tribe Heptapterini, in the Clade 3, together with Pariolius and Cetopsorhamdia Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916.
Currently, Phenacorhamdia includes 13 valid species (Fricke et al., 2021) widespread in the South America river basins: P. anisura (Mees, 1987), P. macarenensisDahl, 1961, P. provenzanoi DoNascimiento & Milani, 2008, and P. taphorni DoNascimiento & Milani, 2008 occur throughout the Orinoco River basin in Venezuela and Colombia; P. tenuis (Mees, 1986) in the Guiana Shield; in the upper Amazon, P. boliviana (Pearson, 1924) occurs in the Madeira River basin in Bolivia and Brazil; P. nigrolineataZarske, 1998 in streams from Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia; in the Brazilian Shield, P. cabocla Rocha, Ramos & Ramos, 2018 in the Parnaíba River basin, P. somnians (Mees, 1974) in Araguaia River basin, P. hoehnei (Miranda Ribeiro, 1914) in Paraguay; and P. roxoi Silva, 2020, P. tenebrosa (Schubart, 1964), and P. unifasciataBritski, 1993 in the upper Paraná River basin. In addition, Silva et al., (2021) recognized four undescribed species of Phenacorhamdia occurring in the Amazon basin in the Brazilian Shield, from the Tocantins, Xingu, and Tapajós river basins. Below we described one of these species from the Xingu River basin.
MATERIAL AND METHODSMeasurements and counts were taken from the left side of specimens and made point to point to the nearest 0.1 mm with digital calipers. Measurements and abbreviations follow DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008). Morphometrics is given as percentages of standard length (SL), except for subunits of the head, which are expressed as percentages of head length (HL). Specimens were cleared and stained (c&s) according to Taylor, Van Dyke, (1985). The number of branchiostegals, gill rackers, vertebrae, ribs, and supporting elements of dorsal and anal fins positions were determined in cleared and stained specimens and radiographs. Vertebral counts include the first five vertebrae in the Weberian apparatus and the compound caudal centrum was counted as one. The osteology nomenclature follows Bockmann, Castro, (2010). Nomenclature for supraorbital and infraorbital sensory pores and lateral-lines canal and branches following Bockmann, Castro, (2010). Data on pectoral, anal, and caudal-fin rays, pleural ribs, and total vertebrae for Phenacorhamdia anisura, P. provenzanoi, P. tenuis, and P. taphorni were taken from DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008). Phenacorhamdia cabocla, P. macarenensis, and P. nigrolineata data were obtained from their original descriptions (Dahl, 1961; Zarske, 1998; Rocha et al., 2018) and for P. boliviana from images of the syntype, available at CAS Ichthyology Primary Types Imagebase website (http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/types/Index.asp). Additional data were obtained from the BMNH (P. somnians) and MNRJ (P. hoehnei) images collections. Counts are given in parentheses, and an asterisk indicates the holotype. Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj, (2020). Zoological nomenclature follows the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).
RESULTSPhenacorhamdia suia, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74342E2A-673C-405D-9CEA-46CC289C4C7E
(Figs. 1−3; Tab. 1)
Phenacorhamdia n. sp. 2. Xingu. --Silva et al., 2021: fig. 1 [phylogenetic relationships of Heptapteridae].
Holotype. MNRJ 24850, 81.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, São Félix do Araguaia, Xingu River basin, Comandante Fontoura River basin, Santa Luzia stream, 11°19’30”S 52°17’06”W, 16 Jan 2002, P. Buckup, A. Aranda, F. Silva & C. Figueiredo.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Xingu River basin. Mato Grosso State: LBP 15885, 1, 32.9 mm SL, Canarana, Tanguro River, Culuene River, 13º25’30.9”S 52º16’47.0”W, 1 Aug 2012, C. Oliveira, M. I. Taylor, G. J. Costa-Silva & J. H. M Martinez. LBP 15886, 6, 57.1−79.9 mm SL (2 c&s, 44.9−51.3 mm SL), Canarana, Tanguro River, Culuene River, 13º25’30.9”S 52º16’47.0”W, 1 Aug 2012, C. Oliveira, M. I. Taylor, G. J. Costa-Silva & J. H. M Martinez. LBP 15910, 1, 32.6 mm SL, Canarana, Coronél Vanick River, 13º31’34.1”S 52º43’52.5”W, 2 Aug 2012, C. Oliveira, M. I. Taylor, G. J. Costa-Silva & J. H. M Martinez. LBP 16013, 1, 37.1 mm SL, unnamed stream affluent of Culuene River, 13º27’26.9”S 53º09’36.6”W, 3 Aug 2012, Oliveira, M. I. Taylor & G. J. Costa-Silva. LBP 16014, 1, 47.8 mm SL, Gaúcha do Norte, Culuene River, 13º27’26.9”S 53º09’36.6”W, 3 Aug 2012, Oliveira, M. I. Taylor & G. J. Costa-Silva. LBP 16017, 1, 47.6 mm SL, Gaúcha do Norte, affluent of Culuene River, 13º26’32.8”S 53º08’45.1”W, 3 Aug 2012, Oliveira, M. I. Taylor & G. J. Costa-Silva. MZUSP 86862, 15, 23.2−44.9 mm SL, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Suiazinho River, 12º57’10.0”S 51º51’08.0”W, 16 Out 2004, O. T. Oyakawa, J. L. Birindelli & C. Oliveira. MZUSP 86875.0, 2, 24.5−26.4 mm SL, Canarana, Capim stream, 13º30’46.0”S 52º23’36”W, 17 Out 2004, C. Moreira, M. I. Landim, J. C. Nolasco & A. Datovo. MZUSP 86846, 1, 30.0 mm SL, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Turvo River, 13º13’28.0”S 51º55’50.0”W, 16 Out 2004, Axe team. Pará State: LBP 16703, 2, 31.4−35.7 mm SL, Vitória do Xingu, Fonte Boa stream, 02º58’12.3”S 52º05’11”W, C. Oliveira, R. Britzke & L. M. Souza.
FIGURE 1 |
Phenacorhamdia suia, MNRJ 24850, holotype, 81.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, São Félix do Araguaia, upper Xingu River basin. Photographed by Dario Faustino-Fuster.
Diagnosis.Phenacorhamdia suia differs from all congeners by having an atypical mottled colored body (Figs. 1−2) (vs. uniformly counter-shaded, without mottled pattern; with a longitudinal dark brown stripe along the dorsal half of the body in P. unifasciata), and by having all fins with interradial membranes pigmented and mottled (vs. fins with interradial membranes hyaline). Additionally, P. suia differs from all congeners, except P. taphorni by having multicuspid teeth (vs. conical teeth) (Fig. 3). The new species differs from some of its congeners by maxillary barbel reaching pectoral-fin origin (vs. maxillary barbel reaching the end of adpressed pectoral fin in P. anisura, P. boliviana, P. nigrolineata, and P. tenebrosa; reaching half the length of pectoral fin in P. tenuis; surpassing pectoral fin in P. provenzanoi and P. taphorni; reaching pelvic-fin origin in P. macarenensis); lacking a short extension of the first pectoral-fin ray (vs. present in P. anisura, P. macarenensis, P. nigrolineata, P. provenzanoi, and P. taphorni), by caudal fin deeply forked with extremely elogated and pointed lobes (vs. moderately pointed in P. hoehnei; rounded in P. somnians); and by having 43−45 total vertebrae (vs. 39 in P. taphorni; 41 in P. hoehnei; 41−42 in P. tenebrosa; 46−47 P. unifasciata; 47−48 in P. provenzanoi; 53−55 in P. tenuis).
FIGURE 2 |
Phenacorhamdia suia, paratypes, LBP 15886: A. 79.9 mm SL; B. 65.7 mm SL; C. 56.0 mm SL. Photographed by Lais Reia.
Description. Morphometric data are summarized in Tab. 1. Small-sized Heptapteridae (largest specimen 81.8 mm SL). In dorsal view, body elongated progressively more compressed from dorsal-fin base to caudal peduncle. Greatest body width at cleithral region, progressively narrowing anteriorly towards snout tip and posteriorly towards caudal fin. In lateral view, body depressed and convex profile from the end of head to dorsal-fin origin; slightly convex from dorsal-fin origin to adipose-fin origin; straight from adipose-fin origin to caudal peduncle. In lateral view, ventral profile convex and descending from snout tip to opercular region; slightly convex from opercular region to pelvic-fin origin; straight from that point to anal-fin origin; slightly concave from that point to lower procurrent caudal-fin ray origin. Head depressed, dorsally covered by skin with small papillae. Snout short and rounded in dorsal view. Dorsal profile of head convex (in large specimens) or straight (in small specimens) from snout tip to the occipital region. Subcutaneous eyes, dorsally positioned, just anterior of the midpoint of head. Mouth gape slightly superior (prognathous). Premaxillary and dentary teeth arranged in a rectangular patch of several irregular rows. Distal portion of teeth flattened and multicuspid. Maxillary barbel reaching the base of first pectoral-fin ray, when adpressed. Outer mental barbel longer than inner barbel. Inner and outer mental barbels aligned. Outer mental barbels reaching posterior margin of branchiostegal membrane. Anterior and posterior nares tubular. Gill membranes free, supported by seven (2) branchiostegals and joined to isthmus only at anterior point. Five (2) gill rakers along the anterior border of the first ceratobranchial.
FIGURE 3 |
Left dentary of Phenacorhamdia suia, paratype, LBP 15886, 51.3 mm SL (c&s). A. Dorsal view of medial portion of dentary teeth (scale bar = 0.1 mm) and B. Dorsal view of entirely dentary teeth (scale bar = 0.5 mm).
Thumbnail
TABLE 1 |
Morphometric data for Phenacorhamdia suia. SD = standard deviation; N = number of specimens.
Laterosensory canal of the head with simple tubes ending in single pores. Supraorbital sensory canal usually with five branches and pores: s1, s2, s3, and s8. Supraorbital pore 1 medially adjacent to anterior nares. Supraorbital s2 and infraorbital i2 fused (forming complex s2+i2) at midway between anterior and posterior nares, s3 inside posterior nares, at the notch of the cutaneous membrane. s4, s5, and s6 pores absent. The s8 at the posterior surface of the frontal. Infraorbital laterosensory canal with six branches pores: i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, and i6, with i2 fused to s2. Infraorbital pore i1 adjacent to anterior nares, between nares and maxillary barbel; i2+s2 neared to anterior nares. Pore i3 laterally positioned at midway between anterior and posterior nares; i4 at vertical through anterior orbit; i5 posterior to eye. Pore i6 located posterior to pore i5, vertical through pm9. Preoperculo mandibular canal with 12 lateral-line branches and pores: pm1 in the medial portion of dentary; pm2, pm3, and pm4 aligned anteriorly to inner and outer mental barbel; pm5 dorsal to outer mental barbel base; pm6 just posterior to pm5; pm7 and pm8 at vertical through anterior and posterior orbit respectively. Four pores in the preopercle region: pm9, pm10, pm11+po1, and po2 (Fig. 4).
FIGURE 4 |
Lateral, dorsal and ventral view of head of Phenacorhamdia suia, LBP 15886, 79.9 mm SL, paratype, showing the cephalic laterosensory pores. Infraorbital pores (i1–i6); Preoperculomandibular pores (pm1–pm11); Postotic pores (po1–po2); Supraorbital pores (s1–s3, and s8).
Precaudal vertebrae 15*(3), caudal vertebrae 27*(1) or 30(2), totaling 43*(1) or 45(2) vertebrae. First hemal spine on vertebra 16*(1) or 17(2). Hemal spine of vertebrae 26*(1) or 27(2) to 31(2) or 32*(1) bifid (Fig. 5). Eight(2) or nine*(1) ribs (Fig. 6).
FIGURE 5 |
Lateral view of bifid hemal spines of vertebrae 27 to 31, located dorsally to anal-fin pterygiophores. Phenacorhamdia suia, paratype, LBP 15886 (1 c&s), 51.3 mm SL.
Pectoral fin with one unbranched and seven branched rays (30). Pelvic-fin origin at vertical through dorsal-fin origin and with i,5(30) rays. First pelvic-fin ray shortest, second and third branched rays longest. Dorsal fin with i,6(30) rays. Dorsal fin unbranched ray slightly convex. First basal radial inserted in the 13º vertebra, and last basal radial anterior to the neural spine of vertebra 18. Adipose fin long (15.3−22.5% SL). Anal fin with v,8*(7) or v,9(23) rays. Anal fin supported by 10 basal and 8 distal radials. Caudal skeleton composed of a plate formed by parhypural + hypurals 1 and 2 in the lower lobe, upper lobe plate formed by hypurals 3 and 4 fused, hypural 5 free, and a pleurostyle. Caudal fin forked with i,7*(3)+7,i*(1) or 8,i(2) principal rays. Caudal-fin lobes long, the ventral longer (27.6−35.6% SL) than dorsal lobe (25.8−32.1% SL). Twelve (2) to thirteen (2) procurrent rays in dorsal and ventral lobes.
FIGURE 6 |
Radiograph images of the holotype of Phenacorhamdia suia, MNRJ 24850, 81.8 mm SL. Lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views.
Color in alcohol. Overall pigmentation mottled (with light brown background and irregular dark brown blotches formed by minutes and concentrated melanophores that overlap each other) (Figs. 1−2), becoming ventrally mostly unpigmented. Interradial membranes of all fins pigmented as the body.
Geographical distribution.Phenacorhamdiasuia is known from nine localities from the upper and lower Xingu River basins (Fig. 7). The type-locality is Santa Luzia stream, Comandante Fontoura River basin. Other sites are Culuene, Coronel Vanick, Suiazinho, Turvo Rivers, Capim and Fonte Boa streams, and two unnamed streams.
FIGURE 7 |
Geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia suia in Brazilian Shield. Black star = holotype. Red circles = paratypes localities.
Etymology. The specific name “suia” refers to the Suias indigenous people who, since the 90’s, have stood out in the fight to protect the Suiá-Missu River environment and for recovery of their traditional lands outside the limits of Xingu park. A noun in apposition.
Conservation status.Phenacorhamdiasuia is a widely distributed species in the Xingu basin, known from nine localities; moreover, the areas where the specimens were collected are relatively well preserved. Because there is no imminent threat to the species, P. suia is recommended to be categorized as Least Concern (LC), according to the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019).
DISCUSSIONThe new species is unequivocally placed within Phenacorhamdia since it has five of the six synapomorphies for the genus proposed by Bockmann (1998:368): (1) posterior process of epioccipital prominent; (2) prognathous mouth; (3) neural and hemal spines of the posterior vertebrae inclined 30º or less; (4) eight branched rays in the lower lobe of the caudal fin; and (5) second pore of the supraorbital nasal canal located too far posteriorly from the anterior nostril. Phenacorhamdia suia lacks one synapomorphy: the first pectoral-fin ray is slightly longer than the second. Phenacorhamdia suia exhibits the first pectoral-fin ray shorter than the second ray. Additionally, the genus placement of P. suia is supported by the phylogenomic hypothesis of Heptapteridae based on the UCEs dataset proposed by Silva et al., (2021). In that study, P. suia (there named as Phenacorhamdia n. sp. 2. Xingu) was more related to typical species of Phenacorhamdia: P. roxoi, P. somnians, and three new species from Tapajós and Tocantins rivers of the Amazon basin.
Although Phenacorhamdia is recognized as a monophyletic group, different hypotheses of relationship at the intergeneric level have been proposed. Bockmann, (1998) proposed Phenacorhamdia as the sister group to Pariolius armillatus Cope, 1872 and a new genus, consisting of two species: Imparfinis microps Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916 and an undescribed form. In the last hypothesis, Chasmocranus Eigenmann, 1912 was in a basal position as the sister group of Phenacorhamdia (Pariolius (Imparfinis microps, undescribed species)). Subsequently, DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008) found morphological evidence of phylogenetic affinities of Phenacorhamdia with Chasmocranus, based on both genera share distinctive bifid hemal spines of the vertebrae immediately dorsal to the insertion of the anal-fin pterygiophores. In contrast with the last hypothesis, Silva et al., (2021) placed Phenacorhamdia as sister to Pariolius, suggesting the homoplasic evolution of single to bifid spines in Heptapteridae.
Phenacorhamdia suia has a peculiar tooth morphology with maxillary and dentary teeth with several tiny cusps (Fig. 3). This character was first reported by DoNascimiento, Milani, (2008) in P. taphorni and two undescribed species from the Paraná and Mamoré River basin, indicating a putative close relationship between the species mentioned above and P. suia. Although this character seems to be essential evidence to a putative natural group inside Phenacorhamdia, a phylogenetic study with a dense number of species is required to evaluate if the multicuspid teeth (primary homology) can be confirmed as a synapomorphic condition or if this character evolved several times independently.
The new species described here was collected in several localities of the upper Xingu River basin in Mato Grosso State (LBP 15910, 15885, 15886, 16014, 16017, 16013; MNRJ 24850; MZUSP 86862, 86875, 86846) and a single stream in the lower Xingu River basin, in Pará State (LBP 16703), far from the upper portion of the Xingu River (Fig. 4). Silva et al., (2021) analyzed both the samples from the upper (LBP 16017) and lower (LBP 16703) Xingu River in their phylogeny and confirmed that these specimens form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, the specimens from the lower portion have the same diagnostic characters found in the specimens from the upper portion.
Comparative material examined.Phenacorhamdia boliviana: Bolivia. CAS 63632, syntype, photo and x-ray, 47.0 mm SL. Brazil. LBP 12008, 1, 41.0 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia cabocla: Brazil. LBP 5550, 1, 40.0 mm SL. UFPB 10041, 1 c&s, 59.2 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia hoehnei: Brazil. MNRJ 787, lectotype, photo and x-ray, 29.7 mm SL. NUP 21562, 5, 37.3–70.2 mm SL, 1 c&s, 73.4 mm SL. ZUFMS 1969, 46.5–66.0 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata: Peru. MTD F 20728, holotype, photo and x-ray, 37.6 mm SL. MTD F 17472, paratype, photo and x-ray, 33.2 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia roxoi: Brazil. MZUSP 125819, holotype, 63.2 mm SL. LBP 1994, paratypes, 11, 24.1–83.7 mm SL, 3 c&s, 42.9–83.7 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia somnians: Brazil. BMNH 1971.7.29.4, holotype, photo and x-ray, 55.0 mm SL. LBP 2468, 45.8 mm SL. LBP 2474, 4, 35.8–47.6 mm SL. LBP 5717, 3, 55.0–46.2 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia tenebrosa: Brazil. LBP 29845, topotype, 20, 46.3–27.5 mm SL, 2 c&s, 37.6–38.6 mm SL. Phenacorhamdia unifasciata: Brazil. DZSJRP 14228, 4, 44.8–53.1 mm SL, 1 c&s, 54.0 mm SL.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThanks to colleagues for the loan of specimens and curatorial assistance: Carla S. Pavanelli, Marli Campos (NUP), Francisco Langeani (DZSJRP), and Francisco Severo Neto (ZUFMS); Lais Reia for helping with the figures; J. Maclaine (BMNH) for the images of the type and Dario Faustino-Fuster for the image of the holotype. We also thank the research support from FAPESP grant #2021/12979–8 (GSCS) and CNPq grant #140174/2018–4 (ISC).
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Preston and District Aquarist Society Auction 2/4
70 Stanifield Lane, Leyland, PR25 4GA, United Kingdom
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70 Stanifield Lane, Leyland, PR25 4GA, United Kingdom
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70 Stanifield Lane, Leyland, PR25 4GA, United Kingdom
More
About
Discussion
Interested
Going
InviteDetails
52 people responded
Event by Elliot Garstang and Preston and District Aquarist society
70 Stanifield Lane, Leyland, PR25 4GA, United Kingdom
Public · Anyone on or off Facebook
Held at Farington Conservative Club and starts at 12pm
Open both to members and non-members
Sellers are required to book in a lot by contacting Elliot G, booking in starts from May 4th
=======================
10 May 2022
A New Glyptosternine Catfish from Myanmar Glaridoglanis ramosa (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Sisoridae)
Heok Hee Ng, Maurice Kottelat
Author Affiliations +
Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110(2):262-267 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2021056
AbstractGlaridoglanis ramosa, new species, is described from a cryptorheic basin in northern Shan State, Myanmar. The new species can be distinguished from G. andersonii, the sole congener, in having fewer vertebrae (39–40 vs. 42–44), more branched pectoral-fin rays (13–14 vs. 8–10), a longer maxillary barbel (reaching beyond proximal half vs. not more than proximal third of first pectoral-fin element; 87–101% head length vs. 75–79), a shorter pelvic fin (10.8–16.3% standard length vs. 18.0–22.4) and dorsal-to-adipose distance (7.1–11.7% standard length vs. 17.5–20.0), absence (vs. presence) of a thin, pale midlateral stripe, and an adipose fin that is strongly incised (vs. without incision or with a weak incision) at the posterior extremity of its base. We also investigated the taxonomic status of Glyptosternon malaisei, and conclude that it is a junior subjective synonym of Glaridoglanis andersonii.
© 2022 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Citation Download Citation
Heok Hee Ng and Maurice Kottelat "A New Glyptosternine Catfish from Myanmar (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Sisoridae)," Ichthyology & Herpetology 110(2), 262-267, (10 May 2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2021056
Received: 13 May 2021; Accepted: 6 October 2021; Published: 10 May 2022
==========================
A New Glyptosternine Catfish from Myanmar Glaridoglanis ramosa (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Sisoridae)
Heok Hee Ng, Maurice Kottelat
Author Affiliations +
Ichthyology & Herpetology, 110(2):262-267 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2021056
AbstractGlaridoglanis ramosa, new species, is described from a cryptorheic basin in northern Shan State, Myanmar. The new species can be distinguished from G. andersonii, the sole congener, in having fewer vertebrae (39–40 vs. 42–44), more branched pectoral-fin rays (13–14 vs. 8–10), a longer maxillary barbel (reaching beyond proximal half vs. not more than proximal third of first pectoral-fin element; 87–101% head length vs. 75–79), a shorter pelvic fin (10.8–16.3% standard length vs. 18.0–22.4) and dorsal-to-adipose distance (7.1–11.7% standard length vs. 17.5–20.0), absence (vs. presence) of a thin, pale midlateral stripe, and an adipose fin that is strongly incised (vs. without incision or with a weak incision) at the posterior extremity of its base. We also investigated the taxonomic status of Glyptosternon malaisei, and conclude that it is a junior subjective synonym of Glaridoglanis andersonii.
© 2022 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Citation Download Citation
Heok Hee Ng and Maurice Kottelat "A New Glyptosternine Catfish from Myanmar (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Sisoridae)," Ichthyology & Herpetology 110(2), 262-267, (10 May 2022). https://doi.org/10.1643/i2021056
Received: 13 May 2021; Accepted: 6 October 2021; Published: 10 May 2022
==========================
The Rapid Evolution of Lungfish Durophagy
Youngolepis praecursor Chang & Yu, 1981
in Cui, Friedman, Qiao, et al., 2022.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3
twitter.com/Friedman_Lab
artwork by Brian Choo
Abstract
Innovations relating to the consumption of hard prey are implicated in ecological shifts in marine ecosystems as early as the mid-Paleozoic. Lungfishes represent the first and longest-ranging lineage of durophagous vertebrates, but how and when the various feeding specializations of this group arose remain unclear. Two exceptionally preserved fossils of the Early Devonian lobe-finned fish Youngolepis reveal the origin of the specialized lungfish feeding mechanism. Youngolepis has a radically restructured palate, reorienting jaw muscles for optimal force transition, coupled with radiating entopterygoid tooth rows like those of lungfish toothplates. This triturating surface occurs in conjunction with marginal dentition and blunt coronoid fangs, suggesting a role in crushing rather than piercing prey. Bayesian tip-dating analyses incorporating these morphological data indicate that the complete suite of lungfish feeding specializations may have arisen in as little as 7 million years, representing one of the most striking episodes of innovation during the initial evolutionary radiations of bony fishes.
Xindong Cui, Matt Friedman, Tuo Qiao, Yilun Yu and Min Zhu. 2022. The Rapid Evolution of Lungfish Durophagy. Nature Communications. 13: 2390. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3
twitter.com/Friedman_Lab/status/1521172479632461826
highlighting feeding innovations in Youngolepis, an Early Devonian stem lungfish from China (art: Brian Choo) @NatureComms @Friedman_Lab
==========================
Youngolepis praecursor Chang & Yu, 1981
in Cui, Friedman, Qiao, et al., 2022.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3
twitter.com/Friedman_Lab
artwork by Brian Choo
Abstract
Innovations relating to the consumption of hard prey are implicated in ecological shifts in marine ecosystems as early as the mid-Paleozoic. Lungfishes represent the first and longest-ranging lineage of durophagous vertebrates, but how and when the various feeding specializations of this group arose remain unclear. Two exceptionally preserved fossils of the Early Devonian lobe-finned fish Youngolepis reveal the origin of the specialized lungfish feeding mechanism. Youngolepis has a radically restructured palate, reorienting jaw muscles for optimal force transition, coupled with radiating entopterygoid tooth rows like those of lungfish toothplates. This triturating surface occurs in conjunction with marginal dentition and blunt coronoid fangs, suggesting a role in crushing rather than piercing prey. Bayesian tip-dating analyses incorporating these morphological data indicate that the complete suite of lungfish feeding specializations may have arisen in as little as 7 million years, representing one of the most striking episodes of innovation during the initial evolutionary radiations of bony fishes.
Xindong Cui, Matt Friedman, Tuo Qiao, Yilun Yu and Min Zhu. 2022. The Rapid Evolution of Lungfish Durophagy. Nature Communications. 13: 2390. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3
twitter.com/Friedman_Lab/status/1521172479632461826
highlighting feeding innovations in Youngolepis, an Early Devonian stem lungfish from China (art: Brian Choo) @NatureComms @Friedman_Lab
==========================
Biogeographic Reconstruction of the Migratory Neotropical Fish Family Prochilodontidae (Teleostei: Characiformes)
in Frable, Melo, Fontenelle, et al., 2022.
DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12531
twitter.com/JPF_ishes
Abstract
Geographically, widespread Neotropical fish lineages offer opportunities to reconstruct historical biogeography patterns and infer processes leading to modern ichthyological diversity and distribution. The characiform family Prochilodontidae is well suited for such reconstruction because their migrations limit population substructure within river systems. Therefore, their biogeographic history should match closely the history of connectivity among Neotropical river basins. Here, we combine a time-calibrated phylogeny with biogeographic model testing to recover the history of this family's diversification. Results support the Miocene rise of the Andean Eastern Cordillera as a dispersal barrier, but also indicate a much earlier Eocene origin of the trans-Andean genus Ichthyoelephas. Despite the early origin of the family and its three constituent genera, most prochilodontid lineages originated during the Miocene in Greater Amazonia, likely due to drainage reorganizations caused by Andean uplift. Subsequent speciation appears linked to interbasin exchanges and expansions of Amazonian lineages into Brazilian coastal systems. The modern richness of Prochilodus in easterly drainages appears to be relatively young, with only Prochilodus vimboides likely reaching that region prior to the late Miocene. The rise of the Vaupes Arch coincides with two splits between Orinocoan and Amazonian lineages circa 9 million years ago (Ma). However, two instances of later dispersal between these drainages reveal the permeability of the Vaupes Arch, suggesting that it may promote periodic speciation. This study illustrates how model-based biogeographic studies of widespread groups can reconstruct historic paths of dispersal and help reveal how landscape evolution promoted modern diversity patterns.
Keywords: Amazon, BioGeoBEARS, Eastern Cordillera, historical biogeography, Ostariophysi
Time-calibrated phylogeny and ancestral range evolution of Prochilodontidae estimated by BEAST and BioGeoBEARS.
Photos by A. Nobile (Prochilodus lineatus), B. Melo (Semaprochilodus insignis, P. nigricans1, P. rubrotaeniatus2), J. García-Melo (Ichthyoelephas longirostris), M. Sabaj (S. varii, P. magdalenae, P. nigricans2) and R. Castro (P. vimboides).
Benjamin W. Frable, Bruno F. Melo, João P. Fontenelle, Claudio Oliveira and Brian L. Sidlauskas. 2022. Biogeographic Reconstruction of the Migratory Neotropical Fish Family Prochilodontidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Zoologica Scripta. DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12531
twitter.com/JPF_ishes/status/1502330451972796424
==========================
in Frable, Melo, Fontenelle, et al., 2022.
DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12531
twitter.com/JPF_ishes
Abstract
Geographically, widespread Neotropical fish lineages offer opportunities to reconstruct historical biogeography patterns and infer processes leading to modern ichthyological diversity and distribution. The characiform family Prochilodontidae is well suited for such reconstruction because their migrations limit population substructure within river systems. Therefore, their biogeographic history should match closely the history of connectivity among Neotropical river basins. Here, we combine a time-calibrated phylogeny with biogeographic model testing to recover the history of this family's diversification. Results support the Miocene rise of the Andean Eastern Cordillera as a dispersal barrier, but also indicate a much earlier Eocene origin of the trans-Andean genus Ichthyoelephas. Despite the early origin of the family and its three constituent genera, most prochilodontid lineages originated during the Miocene in Greater Amazonia, likely due to drainage reorganizations caused by Andean uplift. Subsequent speciation appears linked to interbasin exchanges and expansions of Amazonian lineages into Brazilian coastal systems. The modern richness of Prochilodus in easterly drainages appears to be relatively young, with only Prochilodus vimboides likely reaching that region prior to the late Miocene. The rise of the Vaupes Arch coincides with two splits between Orinocoan and Amazonian lineages circa 9 million years ago (Ma). However, two instances of later dispersal between these drainages reveal the permeability of the Vaupes Arch, suggesting that it may promote periodic speciation. This study illustrates how model-based biogeographic studies of widespread groups can reconstruct historic paths of dispersal and help reveal how landscape evolution promoted modern diversity patterns.
Keywords: Amazon, BioGeoBEARS, Eastern Cordillera, historical biogeography, Ostariophysi
Time-calibrated phylogeny and ancestral range evolution of Prochilodontidae estimated by BEAST and BioGeoBEARS.
Photos by A. Nobile (Prochilodus lineatus), B. Melo (Semaprochilodus insignis, P. nigricans1, P. rubrotaeniatus2), J. García-Melo (Ichthyoelephas longirostris), M. Sabaj (S. varii, P. magdalenae, P. nigricans2) and R. Castro (P. vimboides).
Benjamin W. Frable, Bruno F. Melo, João P. Fontenelle, Claudio Oliveira and Brian L. Sidlauskas. 2022. Biogeographic Reconstruction of the Migratory Neotropical Fish Family Prochilodontidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Zoologica Scripta. DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12531
twitter.com/JPF_ishes/status/1502330451972796424
==========================
Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters/IEF-1176/pp. 1-11 Published 22 April 2022 LSID: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:88733E63-E35C-4173-96EC-9A1501116517 DOI: http://doi.org/10.23788/IEF-1176
Hypostomus fuscomaculatus (Teleostei: Loricariidae), a new armored catfish from the upper Rio Paraguay basin, Brazil
Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki* and Hugmar Pains da Silva** Since 1996, in field monitoring for the construction of the Manso Reservoir in the Rio Manso basin, a peculiar black-blotched morphotype of Hypostomus was found that differed from several congeners from the region. This species is already used to aquarium trade being labeled Hypostomus sp. L233. The aim of the present work is to describe L233 as a new species to science, Hypostomus fuscomaculatus. The new species is distinguished from congeners by having conspicuous, large (usually larger than eye diameter) and widely spaced black blotches on living specimens. In preserved specimens, the blotches usually fade to brown but keep still evident for a long time under proper fixation and storage. Other important diagnostic traits are the flattened head, large eyes, absence of keels on lateral series of plates, robust and moderate number of teeth, and plates covering most part of abdominal region. Introduction Loricariidae, with about 1020 valid species (Reis et al., 2003; Fricke et al., 2022), represents one of the largest fish families in the world. Six subfamilies of Loricariidae are currently recognized: Delturinae, Hypoptopomatinae, Hypostominae, Lithogeninae, Loricariinae, and Rhinelepinae (Reis et al., 2006; Chiachio et al., 2008; Lujan et al., 2015). The subfamily Hypostominae was surveyed by Lujan et al. (2015), who found Hypostomini nested within Ancistrini. Queiroz et al. (2020) in a multilocus phylogeny of Hypostomus confirmed the monophyly of the genus retrieving four wellsupported main lineages: H. auroguttatus, Hypostomus cochliodon, H. hemiurus, H. nematopterus, and H. plecostomus super-groups. Hypostomus with about 140 species (Zawadzki et al., 2019), is the most species-rich genus of this group and it is one of the largest genera in the Neotropical region. Species of Hypostomus occur almost everywhere in tropical East Andean and southern temperate regions of South America colonizing nearly any aquatic habitat, although preferring running waters (Montoya-Burgos, 2003). * Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Av. Colombo – 5790, Bl. G90 – s. 18B, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. E-mail: chzawadzki@hotmail.com (corresponding author) ** Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia. Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa – 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters – ISSN 0936-9902 (print) © 2022 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany www.pfeil-verlag.de
==========================
Hypostomus fuscomaculatus (Teleostei: Loricariidae), a new armored catfish from the upper Rio Paraguay basin, Brazil
Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki* and Hugmar Pains da Silva** Since 1996, in field monitoring for the construction of the Manso Reservoir in the Rio Manso basin, a peculiar black-blotched morphotype of Hypostomus was found that differed from several congeners from the region. This species is already used to aquarium trade being labeled Hypostomus sp. L233. The aim of the present work is to describe L233 as a new species to science, Hypostomus fuscomaculatus. The new species is distinguished from congeners by having conspicuous, large (usually larger than eye diameter) and widely spaced black blotches on living specimens. In preserved specimens, the blotches usually fade to brown but keep still evident for a long time under proper fixation and storage. Other important diagnostic traits are the flattened head, large eyes, absence of keels on lateral series of plates, robust and moderate number of teeth, and plates covering most part of abdominal region. Introduction Loricariidae, with about 1020 valid species (Reis et al., 2003; Fricke et al., 2022), represents one of the largest fish families in the world. Six subfamilies of Loricariidae are currently recognized: Delturinae, Hypoptopomatinae, Hypostominae, Lithogeninae, Loricariinae, and Rhinelepinae (Reis et al., 2006; Chiachio et al., 2008; Lujan et al., 2015). The subfamily Hypostominae was surveyed by Lujan et al. (2015), who found Hypostomini nested within Ancistrini. Queiroz et al. (2020) in a multilocus phylogeny of Hypostomus confirmed the monophyly of the genus retrieving four wellsupported main lineages: H. auroguttatus, Hypostomus cochliodon, H. hemiurus, H. nematopterus, and H. plecostomus super-groups. Hypostomus with about 140 species (Zawadzki et al., 2019), is the most species-rich genus of this group and it is one of the largest genera in the Neotropical region. Species of Hypostomus occur almost everywhere in tropical East Andean and southern temperate regions of South America colonizing nearly any aquatic habitat, although preferring running waters (Montoya-Burgos, 2003). * Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Av. Colombo – 5790, Bl. G90 – s. 18B, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. E-mail: chzawadzki@hotmail.com (corresponding author) ** Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia. Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa – 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters – ISSN 0936-9902 (print) © 2022 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany www.pfeil-verlag.de
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Aetomylaeus wafickii • Resolution of the Aetomylaeus nichofii Species Complex (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae), with the Description of A New Eagle Ray Species from the northwest Indian Ocean and A Key to the Genus Aetomylaeus
Aetomylaeus wafickii
Jabado, Ebert & Al Dhaheri, 2022
Wafic’s Eagle Ray | لخمت وفيق || DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01234-4
Abstract
In recent years, the eagle ray family Myliobatidae has undergone major taxonomic revisions due to molecular and morphological findings. A new species of eagle ray, Aetomylaeus wafickii sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the Arabian Gulf, Northwest Indian Ocean. The new species externally most closely resembles A. caeruleofasciatus White, Last, & Baje, 2015 in White et al. 2016 and A. nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). It can be distinguished from these species by a combination of morphological and meristic characteristics including a higher number of transverse pale bluish to light grey bands on its dorsal surface (8–10 in Aetomylaeus wafickii sp. nov. vs 5–8 in A. caeruleofasciatus and A. nichofii), a higher number of tooth plate rows (13–15 vs 7), a shorter upper tooth plate width (3.1–4.3 vs 4.6–7.5%DW), and a shorter tail ((0.9–1.6) vs (1.4–1.8)) times disc width. Pelvic fin radial counts separate the new species from A. nichofii for males (14–16 vs 16–19) and females (16–19 vs 20–21). Geographically, it occurs from the southern Red Sea, eastwards to the Arabian Sea, and south to Sri Lanka, including in the Arabian Gulf. It appears to be frequently caught as bycatch in gillnets due to its habit of schooling, and is considered particularly susceptible to impacts from regional fisheries. Morphological and meristic findings complement prior molecular evidence documenting three species within the A. nichofii complex. A key to the genus Aetomylaeus is provided for the first time.
Keywords: Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranch, Batoid, United Arab Emirates, Arabian Gulf, New species
Aetomylaeus wafickii, sp. nov.
Wafic’s Eagle Ray
(Arabic name: Lukhmat Wafic – لخمت وفيق).
Etymology: The new species is named after Wafic Jabado, father of author Rima Jabado in recognition of his support for her work and the occasion of his 73rd birthday. The proposed common name is Wafic’s Eagle Ray.
Rima W. Jabado, David A. Ebert and Shaikha S. Al Dhaheri. 2022. Resolution of the Aetomylaeus nichofii Species Complex, with the Description of A New Eagle Ray Species from the northwest Indian Ocean and A Key to the Genus Aetomylaeus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae). Marine Biodiversity. 52; 15. DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01234-4
Researchgate.net/publication/358537943_Resolution_of_the_Aetomylaeus_nichofii_species_complex
https://dubaigazette.com/ead-2/
Aetomylaeus wafickii
Jabado, Ebert & Al Dhaheri, 2022
Wafic’s Eagle Ray | لخمت وفيق || DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01234-4
Abstract
In recent years, the eagle ray family Myliobatidae has undergone major taxonomic revisions due to molecular and morphological findings. A new species of eagle ray, Aetomylaeus wafickii sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the Arabian Gulf, Northwest Indian Ocean. The new species externally most closely resembles A. caeruleofasciatus White, Last, & Baje, 2015 in White et al. 2016 and A. nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). It can be distinguished from these species by a combination of morphological and meristic characteristics including a higher number of transverse pale bluish to light grey bands on its dorsal surface (8–10 in Aetomylaeus wafickii sp. nov. vs 5–8 in A. caeruleofasciatus and A. nichofii), a higher number of tooth plate rows (13–15 vs 7), a shorter upper tooth plate width (3.1–4.3 vs 4.6–7.5%DW), and a shorter tail ((0.9–1.6) vs (1.4–1.8)) times disc width. Pelvic fin radial counts separate the new species from A. nichofii for males (14–16 vs 16–19) and females (16–19 vs 20–21). Geographically, it occurs from the southern Red Sea, eastwards to the Arabian Sea, and south to Sri Lanka, including in the Arabian Gulf. It appears to be frequently caught as bycatch in gillnets due to its habit of schooling, and is considered particularly susceptible to impacts from regional fisheries. Morphological and meristic findings complement prior molecular evidence documenting three species within the A. nichofii complex. A key to the genus Aetomylaeus is provided for the first time.
Keywords: Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranch, Batoid, United Arab Emirates, Arabian Gulf, New species
Aetomylaeus wafickii, sp. nov.
Wafic’s Eagle Ray
(Arabic name: Lukhmat Wafic – لخمت وفيق).
Etymology: The new species is named after Wafic Jabado, father of author Rima Jabado in recognition of his support for her work and the occasion of his 73rd birthday. The proposed common name is Wafic’s Eagle Ray.
Rima W. Jabado, David A. Ebert and Shaikha S. Al Dhaheri. 2022. Resolution of the Aetomylaeus nichofii Species Complex, with the Description of A New Eagle Ray Species from the northwest Indian Ocean and A Key to the Genus Aetomylaeus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae). Marine Biodiversity. 52; 15. DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01234-4
Researchgate.net/publication/358537943_Resolution_of_the_Aetomylaeus_nichofii_species_complex
https://dubaigazette.com/ead-2/
The genus Pseudohemiodon (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in Ecuador, with the description of a new species PISCESAMAZON RIVERBIODIVERSITYCATFISHESFRESHWATER FISHESSOUTH AMERICATAXONOMYSYSTEMATIC AbstractAt the Fish Collection of the Museo de la Escuela Politecnica Nacional (MEPN), Quito, the specimens of the genus Pseudohemiodon were revised and three species were identified. The three species inhabit the Amazon versant of Ecuador. Chronologically the species are: P. lamina (Günther 1868) originally described from Xeberos (Jeberos), Peru; P. apithanos Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978, originally described from the Conejo River, Putumayo River system, Ecuador, and a new species described herein. The new species was caught in the Aguarico River, Napo River system, and is represented by two small sized specimens. It is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: abdomen totally covered with small to medium-sized, irregularly shaped plates; absence of small plates, anterior to gill openings; eyes relatively small, and six to seven dark transverse bands, posterior to the dorsal-fin. Isbrücker & Nijssen (1978) indicate the presence of P. laticeps (Regan 1904) in Ecuador; however we didn’t find any specimen of this species. The specimens that could potentially be identified as P. laticeps are large sized specimens of P. apithanos. Some external morphological characters, morphometric and meristic data of analyzed specimens of P. apithanos and P. lamina are provided.
==========================
The genus Pseudohemiodon (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in Ecuador, with the description of a new species PISCESAMAZON RIVERBIODIVERSITYCATFISHESFRESHWATER FISHESSOUTH AMERICATAXONOMYSYSTEMATIC AbstractAt the Fish Collection of the Museo de la Escuela Politecnica Nacional (MEPN), Quito, the specimens of the genus Pseudohemiodon were revised and three species were identified. The three species inhabit the Amazon versant of Ecuador. Chronologically the species are: P. lamina (Günther 1868) originally described from Xeberos (Jeberos), Peru; P. apithanos Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978, originally described from the Conejo River, Putumayo River system, Ecuador, and a new species described herein. The new species was caught in the Aguarico River, Napo River system, and is represented by two small sized specimens. It is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: abdomen totally covered with small to medium-sized, irregularly shaped plates; absence of small plates, anterior to gill openings; eyes relatively small, and six to seven dark transverse bands, posterior to the dorsal-fin. Isbrücker & Nijssen (1978) indicate the presence of P. laticeps (Regan 1904) in Ecuador; however we didn’t find any specimen of this species. The specimens that could potentially be identified as P. laticeps are large sized specimens of P. apithanos. Some external morphological characters, morphometric and meristic data of analyzed specimens of P. apithanos and P. lamina are provided.
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Glyptothorax yuensis, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Myanmar PISCESSILURIFORMESGLYPTOTHORAXNEW SPECIESCHINDWIN-IRRAWADDYMYANMAR AbstractGlyptothorax yuensis, new species, is described from the Yu River, Sagaing division, Myanmar. It is characteristic in having a shallow adipose fin acutely incised at the posterior extremity of its base with an elongated pointed tip, adipose-fin base length 7.6–10.0 % SL; short nasal barbel, not extending to anterior margin of orbit; thoracic adhesive apparatus present with a conical-shaped median depression opening caudally, its length 11.7–13.0% SL and width 8.2–10.1% SL, anteromedial striae present; deep caudal peduncle, its depth 9.4–11.0 % SL; and two thin yellowish stripes on the body. A key to the species of the genus of Chindwin drainage is provided.
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Ng, H.H. & Lalramliana (2012) Glyptothorax maceriatus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) from north-eastern India. Zootaxa, 3416 (1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3416.1.4
Ng, H.H. & Lalramliana (2013) Glyptothorax radiolus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes) from northeastern India, with a redescription of G. striatus McClelland 1842. Zootaxa, 3682 (4), 501–512. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3682.4.1
Ng, H.H. & Rachmatika, I. (2005) Glyptothorax exodon, a new species of rheophilic catfish from Borneo (Teleostei: Sisoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53 (2), 251–255.
Prashad, B. & Mukerji, D.D. (1929) The fish of the Indawgyi Lake and the streams of the Myitkyina District (Upper Burma). Records of the Indian Museum, 31 (3), 161–223.
Premananda, N., Kosygin, L. & Saidullah, B. (2015) Glyptothorax senapatiensis, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Manipur, India. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (4), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1443.2617-26
Roberts, T.R. (1994) Systematic revision of Asian bagrid catfishes of the genus Mystus sensu stricto, with a new species from Thailand and Cambodia. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 5, 241–256.
Vishwanath, W. & Linthoingambi, I. (2006) A new sisorid catfish of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth from Manipur, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 102 (2), 201–203.
Vishwanath, W. & Linthoingambi, I. (2007) Fishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Manipur, India, with description of three new species. Zoos’ Print Journal, 22 (3), 2617–2626.
More on the new Haplochromis species from Lake Edward
Haplochromis aquila, H. kimondo, H. rex, H. simba, etc. • From A Pair to A Dozen: The Piscivorous Species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward System
Haplochromis rex, H. aquila,
Haplochromis simba, H. kimondo,
Haplochromis glaucus, H. falcatus,
Vranken, Van Steenberge, Heylen, Decru & Snoeks, 2022
DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.815.1749
twitter.com/Phinnochromis
ABSTRACT
Piscivory is a common trophic niche among cichlids of the East African Great Lakes, including Lakes Edward and George. From these two lakes, we examined the taxonomic diversity of cichlid species with a piscivorous morphology. Prior to this study, two piscivorous species were formally described, Haplochromis squamipinnis and H. mentatus. We redescribe both species and describe an additional ten new species of Haplochromis with a piscivorous morphology: H. latifrons sp. nov., H. rex sp. nov., H. simba sp. nov., H. glaucus sp. nov., H. aquila sp. nov., H. kimondo sp. nov., H. falcatus sp. nov., H. curvidens sp. nov., H. pardus sp. nov., and H. quasimodo sp. nov. All twelve species differ in dominant male colour pattern (unknown for H. latifrons sp. nov. and H. curvidens sp. nov.) and morphological traits. The species can be divided into two morphological groups: the macrodontic piscivores and the microdontic piscivores. This division potentially reflects an ecological differentiation in habitat use, hunting technique, prey species, and prey size. We conclude that some 12–20% of the species from the cichlid assemblage of Lake Edward have a piscivorous morphology.
Keywords: Adaptive radiation, haplochromines, Harpagochromis, Prognathochromis, new species
Phylum Chordata Haeckel, 1874
Class Actinopterygii Klein, 1885
Order Cichliformes Betancur-R et al., 2013
Family Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1840
Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae Fowler, 1934
Tribe Haplochromini Poll, 1986
Genus Haplochromis Hilgendorf, 1888
Haplochromis Hilgendorf, 1888: 76
(as a subgenus of Chromis Cuvier, 1814).
Haplochromis mentatus Regan, 1925
Etymology: Specific name not explained in original description, probably derived from the Latin ‘mentum’ for ‘chin’; probably referring to the protruding lower jaw (i.e., projecting lower jaw sensu Regan 1925).
Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921
Etymology: Specific name not explained in original description, from the Latin ‘squamus’ for ‘scale’, and ‘pinnis’ for ‘fin’; probably referring to minute scales on basal parts of dorsal and anal fins.
Haplochromis latifrons sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from Latin ‘latus’ for ‘wide’ and ‘frons’ for ‘forehead’; referring to very broad interorbital area for a piscivorous species.
Haplochromis rex sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘rex’ for ‘king’ (one that holds a preeminent position); referring to very small eyes, deep cheeks, and strong jaws set with large and acute teeth indicating this piscivore has most specialised morphology among all piscivores from the Lake Edward system to hunt on large prey (Barel et al. 1977).
Haplochromis simba sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from Swahili ‘simba’ for ‘lion’; referring to yellow body, orange cheeks that resemble manes, and predatory morphology.
Haplochromis glaucus sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘glaucus’ for ‘greyish blue’; referring to grey and light-blue colour pattern of all adult specimens.
Haplochromis aquila sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘aquila’ for ‘eagle’; referring to predatory morphology and large eyes.
Haplochromis kimondo sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Swahili ‘kimondo’ for ‘meteor’; referring to blunt head, pyriform body with mid-lateral band, and yellow colouration of ventral part of body.
Haplochromis falcatus sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘falcatus’ for ‘sickle-shaped’; referring to acutely pointed sickle-like outer oral teeth.
Haplochromis rex sp. nov. a. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, a dominant male. d. A female (RMCA 2017.006.P.0355; 135.7 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis simba sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2016.035.P.0224; 97.9 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0348; 109.0 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis glaucus sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male, the holotype. d. Female (RMCA 2019.002.P.0017; 102.1 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis aquila sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male, the holotype. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0352; 108.7 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis kimondo sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, a dominant male. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0364; 128.1 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis falcatus sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2017.006.P.0416; 119.1 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2016.035.P.0257; 112.8 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis curvidens sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, an adult male. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0340); 90.2 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis quasimodo sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP3072); 123.7 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP3064); 116.6 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2016.035.P.0250; 169.7 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2016.035.P(HP823); 129.6 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
The contrast was slightly enhanced.
Haplochromis curvidens sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘curvus’ for ‘curvature’, and ‘dentatus’ for ‘tooth’; referring to strongly recurved oral teeth.
Haplochromis pardus sp. nov.
EtymologySpecific name from the Latin ‘pardus’ for ‘leopard’; referring to nearly uniform black to yellow-pink flanks with clear black blotches, i.e., interrupted horizontal and vertical stripes.
Haplochromis quasimodo sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from Quasimodo, hunchbacked character in Victor Hugo’s novel ‘Notre-Dame de Paris’ (1831); referring to rather shallow head and deep and rhomboid bodies of large specimens.
Nathan Vranken, Maarten Van Steenberge, Annelies Heylen, Eva Decru and Jos Snoeks. 2022. From A Pair to A Dozen: The Piscivorous Species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward System. European Journal of Taxonomy. 815(1), 1-94. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.815.1749
twitter.com/Phinnochromis/status/1517159969623207945
==========================
Haplochromis aquila, H. kimondo, H. rex, H. simba, etc. • From A Pair to A Dozen: The Piscivorous Species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward System
Haplochromis rex, H. aquila,
Haplochromis simba, H. kimondo,
Haplochromis glaucus, H. falcatus,
Vranken, Van Steenberge, Heylen, Decru & Snoeks, 2022
DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.815.1749
twitter.com/Phinnochromis
ABSTRACT
Piscivory is a common trophic niche among cichlids of the East African Great Lakes, including Lakes Edward and George. From these two lakes, we examined the taxonomic diversity of cichlid species with a piscivorous morphology. Prior to this study, two piscivorous species were formally described, Haplochromis squamipinnis and H. mentatus. We redescribe both species and describe an additional ten new species of Haplochromis with a piscivorous morphology: H. latifrons sp. nov., H. rex sp. nov., H. simba sp. nov., H. glaucus sp. nov., H. aquila sp. nov., H. kimondo sp. nov., H. falcatus sp. nov., H. curvidens sp. nov., H. pardus sp. nov., and H. quasimodo sp. nov. All twelve species differ in dominant male colour pattern (unknown for H. latifrons sp. nov. and H. curvidens sp. nov.) and morphological traits. The species can be divided into two morphological groups: the macrodontic piscivores and the microdontic piscivores. This division potentially reflects an ecological differentiation in habitat use, hunting technique, prey species, and prey size. We conclude that some 12–20% of the species from the cichlid assemblage of Lake Edward have a piscivorous morphology.
Keywords: Adaptive radiation, haplochromines, Harpagochromis, Prognathochromis, new species
Phylum Chordata Haeckel, 1874
Class Actinopterygii Klein, 1885
Order Cichliformes Betancur-R et al., 2013
Family Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1840
Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae Fowler, 1934
Tribe Haplochromini Poll, 1986
Genus Haplochromis Hilgendorf, 1888
Haplochromis Hilgendorf, 1888: 76
(as a subgenus of Chromis Cuvier, 1814).
Haplochromis mentatus Regan, 1925
Etymology: Specific name not explained in original description, probably derived from the Latin ‘mentum’ for ‘chin’; probably referring to the protruding lower jaw (i.e., projecting lower jaw sensu Regan 1925).
Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921
Etymology: Specific name not explained in original description, from the Latin ‘squamus’ for ‘scale’, and ‘pinnis’ for ‘fin’; probably referring to minute scales on basal parts of dorsal and anal fins.
Haplochromis latifrons sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from Latin ‘latus’ for ‘wide’ and ‘frons’ for ‘forehead’; referring to very broad interorbital area for a piscivorous species.
Haplochromis rex sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘rex’ for ‘king’ (one that holds a preeminent position); referring to very small eyes, deep cheeks, and strong jaws set with large and acute teeth indicating this piscivore has most specialised morphology among all piscivores from the Lake Edward system to hunt on large prey (Barel et al. 1977).
Haplochromis simba sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from Swahili ‘simba’ for ‘lion’; referring to yellow body, orange cheeks that resemble manes, and predatory morphology.
Haplochromis glaucus sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘glaucus’ for ‘greyish blue’; referring to grey and light-blue colour pattern of all adult specimens.
Haplochromis aquila sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘aquila’ for ‘eagle’; referring to predatory morphology and large eyes.
Haplochromis kimondo sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Swahili ‘kimondo’ for ‘meteor’; referring to blunt head, pyriform body with mid-lateral band, and yellow colouration of ventral part of body.
Haplochromis falcatus sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘falcatus’ for ‘sickle-shaped’; referring to acutely pointed sickle-like outer oral teeth.
Haplochromis rex sp. nov. a. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, a dominant male. d. A female (RMCA 2017.006.P.0355; 135.7 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis simba sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2016.035.P.0224; 97.9 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0348; 109.0 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis glaucus sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male, the holotype. d. Female (RMCA 2019.002.P.0017; 102.1 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis aquila sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male, the holotype. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0352; 108.7 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis kimondo sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, a dominant male. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0364; 128.1 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis falcatus sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2017.006.P.0416; 119.1 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2016.035.P.0257; 112.8 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis curvidens sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Holotype, an adult male. d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P.0340); 90.2 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis quasimodo sp. nov. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP3072); 123.7 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2018.008.P(HP3064); 116.6 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921. c–d. Photographs of freshly caught specimens. c. Dominant male (RMCA 2016.035.P.0250; 169.7 mm SL). d. Female (RMCA 2016.035.P(HP823); 129.6 mm SL) to illustrate the live colour patterns.
The contrast was slightly enhanced.
Haplochromis curvidens sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from the Latin ‘curvus’ for ‘curvature’, and ‘dentatus’ for ‘tooth’; referring to strongly recurved oral teeth.
Haplochromis pardus sp. nov.
EtymologySpecific name from the Latin ‘pardus’ for ‘leopard’; referring to nearly uniform black to yellow-pink flanks with clear black blotches, i.e., interrupted horizontal and vertical stripes.
Haplochromis quasimodo sp. nov.
Etymology: Specific name from Quasimodo, hunchbacked character in Victor Hugo’s novel ‘Notre-Dame de Paris’ (1831); referring to rather shallow head and deep and rhomboid bodies of large specimens.
Nathan Vranken, Maarten Van Steenberge, Annelies Heylen, Eva Decru and Jos Snoeks. 2022. From A Pair to A Dozen: The Piscivorous Species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward System. European Journal of Taxonomy. 815(1), 1-94. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.815.1749
twitter.com/Phinnochromis/status/1517159969623207945
==========================
From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of Haplochromis (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward systemABSTRACTPiscivory is a common trophic niche among cichlids of the East African Great Lakes, including Lakes Edward and George. From these two lakes, we examined the taxonomic diversity of cichlid species with a piscivorous morphology. Prior to this study, two piscivorous species were formally described, Haplochromis squamipinnis and H. mentatus. We redescribe both species and describe an additional ten new species of Haplochromis with a piscivorous morphology: H. latifrons sp. nov., H. rex sp. nov., H. simba sp. nov., H. glaucus sp. nov., H. aquila sp. nov., H. kimondo sp. nov., H. falcatus sp. nov., H. curvidens sp. nov., H. pardus sp. nov., and H. quasimodo sp. nov. All twelve species differ in dominant male colour pattern (unknown for H. latifrons sp. nov. and H. curvidens sp. nov.) and morphological traits. The species can be divided into two morphological groups: the macrodontic piscivores and the microdontic piscivores. This division potentially reflects an ecological differentiation in habitat use, hunting technique, prey species, and prey size. We conclude that some 12–20% of the species from the cichlid assemblage of Lake Edward have a piscivorous morphology.
Full paper as a PDF at:- europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1749/6615
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Full paper as a PDF at:- europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1749/6615
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Astyanax varii • A New Species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio de Contas basin, Bahia, Brazil
Astyanax varii
Zanata, Burger, Vita & Camelier, 2019
DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190061
ABSTRACT
A new species of Astyanax from tributaries of the rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species differs from congeners by having three horizontal series of scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin and the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle, leaving a broad area not covered by superficial bones. The new species further differs from most congeners by the presence of bony hooks on all fins of mature males. Particularly from congeners occurring in rivers of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion, it further differs by having the highest body depth just anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, 34-37 pored lateral line scales, a vertically elongated conspicuous dark humeral blotch reaching below the lateral line and a conspicuous dark wide midlateral stripe extending from the clear area on the rear of the humeral blotch to the end of middle caudal-fin rays and forming an inconspicuous blotch on caudal peduncle.
Keywords: Endemism; Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion; Sexual dimorphism; Taxonomy
Astyanax varii, Brazil, Bahia State:
(a) MZUSP 121062, holotype, 41.4 mm SL,Ubaitaba, lower rio de Contas basin, rio Coricó;
(b) live paratype, not catalogued.
Astyanax varii, new species
Astyanax sp. 6.-Camelier, Zanata (2014):686, tab. 1 [listed; species from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion].
Astyanax sp.-Barreto et al. (2018): 1158 [citation; co-occurence with Nematocharax varii].
Diagnosis. Astyanax varii can be distinguished from most congeners, except A. brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba, A. brucutu, A. cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba, A. epiagos, A. eremus Ingenito & Duboc, A. gymnogenys Eigenmann, A. rupestris Zanata, Burger & Camelier, A. taeniatus (Jenyns), A. totae Haluch & Abilhoa, and A. varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc, by having the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle (Fig. 2), leaving a broad area without superficial bones (vs. margins of the third infraorbital close to the limbs of preopercle, with narrow or no space between the two bones). The new species differs from the aforementioned species by having three horizontal series of scales from the lateral line to the pelvic-fin origin (vs. four or more series of scales) and by having small bony hooks on all fins of mature males (vs. bony hooks absent or not present on all fins of mature males). Astyanax varii also differs from the species listed above by having highest body depth approximately at vertical through dorsal-fin origin (vs. body deepest on a vertical through middle or posterior portion of pectoral fin in A. brachypterygium, A. cremnobates, A. epiagos, A. eremus, A. gymnogenys, A. rupestris, A. totae, and A. varzeae), five horizontal series of scales from the dorsal-fin origin to the lateral line (vs. six or more in A. brachypterygium, A. brucutu, A. cremnobates, A. eremus, A. rupestris, A. totae, A. taeniatus, and A. varzeae), 14 horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle (vs. 15 or more in A. brachypterygium, A. eremus, A. gymnogenys, and A. totae), and 34-37 pored lateral line scales (vs. 38 or more in A. eremus, A. gymnogenys, and A. taeniatus).
Etymology. The specific name varii is in honor to the ichthyologist Richard P. Vari for his friendship, mentoring, and outstanding contribution to the systematic of South American freshwater fishes.
Angela Maria Zanata, Rafael Burger, eorge Vita and Priscila Camelier. 2019. A New Species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio de Contas basin, Bahia, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 17(3) DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190061
Astyanax varii
Zanata, Burger, Vita & Camelier, 2019
DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190061
ABSTRACT
A new species of Astyanax from tributaries of the rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species differs from congeners by having three horizontal series of scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin and the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle, leaving a broad area not covered by superficial bones. The new species further differs from most congeners by the presence of bony hooks on all fins of mature males. Particularly from congeners occurring in rivers of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion, it further differs by having the highest body depth just anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, 34-37 pored lateral line scales, a vertically elongated conspicuous dark humeral blotch reaching below the lateral line and a conspicuous dark wide midlateral stripe extending from the clear area on the rear of the humeral blotch to the end of middle caudal-fin rays and forming an inconspicuous blotch on caudal peduncle.
Keywords: Endemism; Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion; Sexual dimorphism; Taxonomy
Astyanax varii, Brazil, Bahia State:
(a) MZUSP 121062, holotype, 41.4 mm SL,Ubaitaba, lower rio de Contas basin, rio Coricó;
(b) live paratype, not catalogued.
Astyanax varii, new species
Astyanax sp. 6.-Camelier, Zanata (2014):686, tab. 1 [listed; species from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion].
Astyanax sp.-Barreto et al. (2018): 1158 [citation; co-occurence with Nematocharax varii].
Diagnosis. Astyanax varii can be distinguished from most congeners, except A. brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba, A. brucutu, A. cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba, A. epiagos, A. eremus Ingenito & Duboc, A. gymnogenys Eigenmann, A. rupestris Zanata, Burger & Camelier, A. taeniatus (Jenyns), A. totae Haluch & Abilhoa, and A. varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc, by having the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle (Fig. 2), leaving a broad area without superficial bones (vs. margins of the third infraorbital close to the limbs of preopercle, with narrow or no space between the two bones). The new species differs from the aforementioned species by having three horizontal series of scales from the lateral line to the pelvic-fin origin (vs. four or more series of scales) and by having small bony hooks on all fins of mature males (vs. bony hooks absent or not present on all fins of mature males). Astyanax varii also differs from the species listed above by having highest body depth approximately at vertical through dorsal-fin origin (vs. body deepest on a vertical through middle or posterior portion of pectoral fin in A. brachypterygium, A. cremnobates, A. epiagos, A. eremus, A. gymnogenys, A. rupestris, A. totae, and A. varzeae), five horizontal series of scales from the dorsal-fin origin to the lateral line (vs. six or more in A. brachypterygium, A. brucutu, A. cremnobates, A. eremus, A. rupestris, A. totae, A. taeniatus, and A. varzeae), 14 horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle (vs. 15 or more in A. brachypterygium, A. eremus, A. gymnogenys, and A. totae), and 34-37 pored lateral line scales (vs. 38 or more in A. eremus, A. gymnogenys, and A. taeniatus).
Etymology. The specific name varii is in honor to the ichthyologist Richard P. Vari for his friendship, mentoring, and outstanding contribution to the systematic of South American freshwater fishes.
Angela Maria Zanata, Rafael Burger, eorge Vita and Priscila Camelier. 2019. A New Species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio de Contas basin, Bahia, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 17(3) DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190061
Vanmanenia marmorata • A New Species of Loach (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin in Guizhou Province, south China
Vanmanenia marmorata
Deng & Zhang, 2021
DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e72432
Abstract
Background:
The gastromyzontid genus Vanmanenia was established by Hora in 1932, based on the type species Vanmanenia stenosoma. The genus is a loach group adapted to running waters of streams from southern China, northern Vietnam and Laos. Currently, 19 valid species of the genus have been recognised. The northernmost distribution of the genus is the Yangtze River (= Chang-Jiang in Chinese) Basin and five species (V. maculata, V. intermedia, V. stenosoma, V. pseudostriata and V. gymnetrus) have been reported from the Basin.
New information:
Vanmanenia marmorata, a new hillstream species of loach, is here described from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin in Guizhou Province, south China. It is distinguished from its congeners by having a combination of the following characters: three triangular-shaped rostral lobules; postdorsal saddles wider than interspaces; a more backwards-placed anus (the vent to anal distance 30.5–36.9% of the pelvic to anal distance); a larger gill opening with its upper extremity reaching the level of the middle of the orbit; anal-fin base length 5.6–6.4% of SL; caudal-peduncle length 11.6–12.9% of SL; prepelvic length 51.1–53.4% of SL. Its validity is also affirmed by its distinct cyt b gene sequence divergence with all sampled congeners and its monophyly recovered in a cyt b gene-based phylogenetic analysis.
Keywords: freshwater fish, new taxon, morphology, cyt b gene, phylogenetic analysis
Vanmanenia marmorata, IHB2017060069, holotype, 68.8 mm SL;
Guizhou Province: Jiangkou County.
Lateral (a),dorsal (b) and ventral(c) views of body.
Vanmanenia marmorata Deng & Zhang 2021, sp. n.
Diagnosis: Vanmanenia marmorata resembles the four species (V. caldwelli, V. maculata, V. intermedia and V. stenosoma) in having three triangular-shaped rostral lobules whose apical portions are in the barbel-like form, but not modified into secondary rostral barbels. It is distinct from these species in having postdorsal dark black saddles wider (vs. narrower) than their interspaces, further from V. caldwelli in having no longitudinal black stripe extending from the snout tip to the caudal-fin base along the lateral line on flank (vs. present) and a more backwards-placed anus [the vent to anal distance 30.5–36.9% (mean 34.6) vs. 60.0–70.3% (mean 68.5) of the pelvic to anal distance]; from V. maculata in having a dark black vermiculated mark (vs. large brown blotch; see Yi et al. 2014: Page 90, fig. 2) on the submargin of the gill cover and a more backwards-positioned anus [the vent to anal distance 30.5–36.9% (average 34.6) vs. 36.4–48.4% (average 43.0) of the pelvic to anal distance] (see Table 3); and from V. intermedia in having a larger gill opening with its upper extremity reaching the level of the middle of the orbit (vs. smaller, closer to the level of the lower margin of the orbit; see Deng and Zhang 2020 : Page 117: fig. 2), a shorter (vs. longer) anal-fin base [length 5.6–6.4 (mean 6.0) vs. 7.5–9.5 (mean 8.3) % of SL) and a longer (vs. shorter) caudal peduncle [length 11.6–12.9 (average 12.0) vs. 8.4–11.1 (average 9.9) % of SL]; and from V. stenosoma in having a longer (vs. shorter) caudal peduncle [length 11.6–12.9 (mean 12.0) vs. 9.0–11.1 (mean 10.0) % of SL] and a more forwards-positioned pelvic fin [prepelvic length 51.1–53.4 (mean 51.7) vs. 54.7–59.2 (mean 57.2) % SL].
Etymology: The specific epithet is from the Latin word marmor referring to the unique body colouration of irregular marbled markings.
Distribution: This new species is presently known from the upper reaches of the Chen-Shui, a stream tributary to the Yuan-Jiang of the Dongting Lake system in the middle Chang-Jiang Basin, at Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, south China (Fig. 3). It inhabits fast-flowing waters with a gravelly and pebbly substrate (Fig. 4). Co-existing species are Discogobio yunnanensis (Regan, 1907), Onychostoma barbatum (Lin, 1931) and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei (Nichols, 1925).
Shuqing Deng and E. Zhang. 2021. Vanmanenia marmorata, A New Species of Loach (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin in Guizhou Province, south China. Biodiversity Data Journal. 9: e72432. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e72432
==========================
Vanmanenia marmorata
Deng & Zhang, 2021
DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e72432
Abstract
Background:
The gastromyzontid genus Vanmanenia was established by Hora in 1932, based on the type species Vanmanenia stenosoma. The genus is a loach group adapted to running waters of streams from southern China, northern Vietnam and Laos. Currently, 19 valid species of the genus have been recognised. The northernmost distribution of the genus is the Yangtze River (= Chang-Jiang in Chinese) Basin and five species (V. maculata, V. intermedia, V. stenosoma, V. pseudostriata and V. gymnetrus) have been reported from the Basin.
New information:
Vanmanenia marmorata, a new hillstream species of loach, is here described from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin in Guizhou Province, south China. It is distinguished from its congeners by having a combination of the following characters: three triangular-shaped rostral lobules; postdorsal saddles wider than interspaces; a more backwards-placed anus (the vent to anal distance 30.5–36.9% of the pelvic to anal distance); a larger gill opening with its upper extremity reaching the level of the middle of the orbit; anal-fin base length 5.6–6.4% of SL; caudal-peduncle length 11.6–12.9% of SL; prepelvic length 51.1–53.4% of SL. Its validity is also affirmed by its distinct cyt b gene sequence divergence with all sampled congeners and its monophyly recovered in a cyt b gene-based phylogenetic analysis.
Keywords: freshwater fish, new taxon, morphology, cyt b gene, phylogenetic analysis
Vanmanenia marmorata, IHB2017060069, holotype, 68.8 mm SL;
Guizhou Province: Jiangkou County.
Lateral (a),dorsal (b) and ventral(c) views of body.
Vanmanenia marmorata Deng & Zhang 2021, sp. n.
Diagnosis: Vanmanenia marmorata resembles the four species (V. caldwelli, V. maculata, V. intermedia and V. stenosoma) in having three triangular-shaped rostral lobules whose apical portions are in the barbel-like form, but not modified into secondary rostral barbels. It is distinct from these species in having postdorsal dark black saddles wider (vs. narrower) than their interspaces, further from V. caldwelli in having no longitudinal black stripe extending from the snout tip to the caudal-fin base along the lateral line on flank (vs. present) and a more backwards-placed anus [the vent to anal distance 30.5–36.9% (mean 34.6) vs. 60.0–70.3% (mean 68.5) of the pelvic to anal distance]; from V. maculata in having a dark black vermiculated mark (vs. large brown blotch; see Yi et al. 2014: Page 90, fig. 2) on the submargin of the gill cover and a more backwards-positioned anus [the vent to anal distance 30.5–36.9% (average 34.6) vs. 36.4–48.4% (average 43.0) of the pelvic to anal distance] (see Table 3); and from V. intermedia in having a larger gill opening with its upper extremity reaching the level of the middle of the orbit (vs. smaller, closer to the level of the lower margin of the orbit; see Deng and Zhang 2020 : Page 117: fig. 2), a shorter (vs. longer) anal-fin base [length 5.6–6.4 (mean 6.0) vs. 7.5–9.5 (mean 8.3) % of SL) and a longer (vs. shorter) caudal peduncle [length 11.6–12.9 (average 12.0) vs. 8.4–11.1 (average 9.9) % of SL]; and from V. stenosoma in having a longer (vs. shorter) caudal peduncle [length 11.6–12.9 (mean 12.0) vs. 9.0–11.1 (mean 10.0) % of SL] and a more forwards-positioned pelvic fin [prepelvic length 51.1–53.4 (mean 51.7) vs. 54.7–59.2 (mean 57.2) % SL].
Etymology: The specific epithet is from the Latin word marmor referring to the unique body colouration of irregular marbled markings.
Distribution: This new species is presently known from the upper reaches of the Chen-Shui, a stream tributary to the Yuan-Jiang of the Dongting Lake system in the middle Chang-Jiang Basin, at Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, south China (Fig. 3). It inhabits fast-flowing waters with a gravelly and pebbly substrate (Fig. 4). Co-existing species are Discogobio yunnanensis (Regan, 1907), Onychostoma barbatum (Lin, 1931) and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei (Nichols, 1925).
Shuqing Deng and E. Zhang. 2021. Vanmanenia marmorata, A New Species of Loach (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin in Guizhou Province, south China. Biodiversity Data Journal. 9: e72432. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e72432
==========================
Revalidation of the Genus Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, 1840 (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae)
(A) Ichthyocoris atlantica, Morocco, Ouerrha River;
(B) I. economidisi, Greece, Lake Trichonis;
(C) I. fluviatilis, Spain, Jerea River (Ebro drainage).
in Duquenne-Delobel, Doadrio & Denys, 2022.
DOI: 10.3897/aiep.52.79458
(photos: I. Doadrio & R. Covain)
Abstract
Combtooth blennies belonging to the genus Salaria were known to have marine and freshwater species. However, recent molecular studies highlighted this genus as paraphyletic, clearly distinguishing both marine and freshwater species. In this paper, we revalidate the genus Ichthyocoris, which corresponds to the freshwater species: Ichthyocoris atlantica (Doadrio, Perea et Yahyaoui, 2011), new combination, Ichthyocoris economidisi (Kottelat, 2004), new combination, and Ichthyocoris fluviatilis (Asso y del Rio, 1801), new combination. It is distinguishable by the presence of brownish bars on the flanks not contrasted with black dots conferring a marble coat, a dorsal fin slightly notched between spined and soft rays (except for I. atlantica), 16–18 dorsal-fin soft rays, 16–20 anal-fin soft rays, 34–38 vertebrae, 8–9 circumorbital pores, 8–11 preopercular pores, and 3 supratemporal pores. The genus Salaria corresponds to the marine species Salaria basilisca (Valenciennes, 1836) and Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810).
Keywords: combtooth blennies, generic concept, integrative taxonomy, Salaria
Lateral view of Ichthyocoris spp.:
I. atlantica, MNCN 280135, 61 mm SL, Morocco, Ouerrha River (Sebou drainage) at Ouazzane
(A; photo credits: I. Doadrio);
I. economidisi, MHNG 2641.89, holotype, 60.8 mm SL, Greece, Lake Trichonis east of Panetolio
(B; photo credits: R. Covain);
I. fluviatilis, 89 mm SL, Spain, Jerea River (Ebro drainage) at Virués
(C; photo credits: I. Doadrio).
Family Blenniidae
Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, 1840
Type species: Salarias varus Risso, 1827.
Synonyms: Salariopsis Vecchioni, Ching, Marrone, Arculeo, Hundt et Simons, 2022
Included species:
Three species:
Ichthyocoris atlantica (Doadrio, Perea et Yahyaoui, 2011), new combination;
Ichthyocoris economidisi (Kottelat, 2004), new combination;
Ichthyocoris fluviatilis (Asso y del Rio, 1801), new combination.
Diagnosis: Ichthyocoris is distinguishable from Salaria by the presence of brownish bars on the flanks not contrasted with black dots conferring a marble coat (Fig. 1) (vs. brownish bars on the flanks very contrasted with blue stripes and dots conferring a marbled coat; Fig. 2); dorsal-fin slightly notched between spined and soft rays (Fig. 1) except for I. atlantica (vs. not notched; Fig. 2); 16–18 dorsal-fin soft rays (vs. 21–27); 16–20 anal-fin soft rays (vs. 20–28); 34–38 vertebrae (vs. 38–44); 8–9 circumorbital pores (vs. 6–7); 8–11 preopercular pores (vs. 6–8); 3 supratemporal pores (vs. 2) (Table 1).
Distribution: Ichthyocoris is present in drainages of the Mediterranean basin, in catchments of the Atlantic coast in Morocco and Spain as well as in the Black Sea.
Emma Duquenne-Delobel, Ignacio Doadrio and Gaël P. J. Denys. 2022. Revalidation of the Genus Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, 1840 (Actinopterygii: Blenniiformes: Blenniidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 52(1): 35-41. DOI: 10.3897/aiep.52.79458
==========================
(A) Ichthyocoris atlantica, Morocco, Ouerrha River;
(B) I. economidisi, Greece, Lake Trichonis;
(C) I. fluviatilis, Spain, Jerea River (Ebro drainage).
in Duquenne-Delobel, Doadrio & Denys, 2022.
DOI: 10.3897/aiep.52.79458
(photos: I. Doadrio & R. Covain)
Abstract
Combtooth blennies belonging to the genus Salaria were known to have marine and freshwater species. However, recent molecular studies highlighted this genus as paraphyletic, clearly distinguishing both marine and freshwater species. In this paper, we revalidate the genus Ichthyocoris, which corresponds to the freshwater species: Ichthyocoris atlantica (Doadrio, Perea et Yahyaoui, 2011), new combination, Ichthyocoris economidisi (Kottelat, 2004), new combination, and Ichthyocoris fluviatilis (Asso y del Rio, 1801), new combination. It is distinguishable by the presence of brownish bars on the flanks not contrasted with black dots conferring a marble coat, a dorsal fin slightly notched between spined and soft rays (except for I. atlantica), 16–18 dorsal-fin soft rays, 16–20 anal-fin soft rays, 34–38 vertebrae, 8–9 circumorbital pores, 8–11 preopercular pores, and 3 supratemporal pores. The genus Salaria corresponds to the marine species Salaria basilisca (Valenciennes, 1836) and Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810).
Keywords: combtooth blennies, generic concept, integrative taxonomy, Salaria
Lateral view of Ichthyocoris spp.:
I. atlantica, MNCN 280135, 61 mm SL, Morocco, Ouerrha River (Sebou drainage) at Ouazzane
(A; photo credits: I. Doadrio);
I. economidisi, MHNG 2641.89, holotype, 60.8 mm SL, Greece, Lake Trichonis east of Panetolio
(B; photo credits: R. Covain);
I. fluviatilis, 89 mm SL, Spain, Jerea River (Ebro drainage) at Virués
(C; photo credits: I. Doadrio).
Family Blenniidae
Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, 1840
Type species: Salarias varus Risso, 1827.
Synonyms: Salariopsis Vecchioni, Ching, Marrone, Arculeo, Hundt et Simons, 2022
Included species:
Three species:
Ichthyocoris atlantica (Doadrio, Perea et Yahyaoui, 2011), new combination;
Ichthyocoris economidisi (Kottelat, 2004), new combination;
Ichthyocoris fluviatilis (Asso y del Rio, 1801), new combination.
Diagnosis: Ichthyocoris is distinguishable from Salaria by the presence of brownish bars on the flanks not contrasted with black dots conferring a marble coat (Fig. 1) (vs. brownish bars on the flanks very contrasted with blue stripes and dots conferring a marbled coat; Fig. 2); dorsal-fin slightly notched between spined and soft rays (Fig. 1) except for I. atlantica (vs. not notched; Fig. 2); 16–18 dorsal-fin soft rays (vs. 21–27); 16–20 anal-fin soft rays (vs. 20–28); 34–38 vertebrae (vs. 38–44); 8–9 circumorbital pores (vs. 6–7); 8–11 preopercular pores (vs. 6–8); 3 supratemporal pores (vs. 2) (Table 1).
Distribution: Ichthyocoris is present in drainages of the Mediterranean basin, in catchments of the Atlantic coast in Morocco and Spain as well as in the Black Sea.
Emma Duquenne-Delobel, Ignacio Doadrio and Gaël P. J. Denys. 2022. Revalidation of the Genus Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, 1840 (Actinopterygii: Blenniiformes: Blenniidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 52(1): 35-41. DOI: 10.3897/aiep.52.79458
==========================
Guigarra cailaoensis sp. nov., a new genus and species of Labeoninae, was collected from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It differs from all other genera within Labeoninae by a unique combination of the following characters: (1) rostral cap smooth with posterior margin slightly serrated; (2) upper lip well developed and covering most of upper jaw; (3) gular disc present with crescentic torus, not forming horseshoe shape; (4) boundaries of torus, labrum, and pulvinus on gular disc inconspicuous; (5) posterior edge of labrum free, without notch. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of three gene datasets indicated that the new genus formed a monophyletic clade and was closely related to Discogobio and Discocheilus. Both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that Guigarra cailaoensis sp. nov. differs from all known labeonin genera and is thus described here as a new genus and species.
Labeoninae is one of the most diverse subfamilies of Cyprinidae, comprising about 40 genera and 400 species, widely distributed from Asia to Africa (Yao et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2000). Most fish in this subfamily are specifically adapted to fast-flowing freshwater (Zhang et al., 2000), and therefore present highly divergent oromandibular structures, which are important for genus identification (Zhang et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2012). To better understand its phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status, various studies on Labeoninae morphology and molecular phylogeny have been conducted, verifying its monophyly (Chen et al., 1984; Stiassny & Getahun, 2007; Tang et al., 2009; Yang & Mayden, 2010; Yang et al., 2012, Zheng et al., 2010; 2012; 2016). The phylogenetic relationships have been further clarified with increasing species sampled, Yang et al. (2012) dividing Labeoninae into four major clades. Subsequent studies on character evolution of Labeoninae based on molecular phylogeny have indicated that the oromandibular structures evolved in parallel several times (Zheng et al., 2012). As shown from molecular phylogeny, although morphological characters, especially oromandibular structures, cannot reflect genetic relationships, they can distinguish genera and species. (Zheng et al., 2012, 2016).
In the past few years, new freshwater fish species have been consistently described from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, such as Lanlabeo duanensis (Yao et al., 2018). Recently, new specimens of Labeoninae with unique morphological characters were collected in this area. Both morphology and molecular phylogeny indicated that these specimens represented an undescribed genus and species, named Guigarra cailaoensis sp. nov., which is described herein.
Further details are provided in the Supplementary Materials and Methods. Counts and measurements followed Kottelat (2001), with some adjustments. Three genes (COI, cyt b, and Rag 1) were used to construct the phylogenetic tree in this study.
==========================
Labeoninae is one of the most diverse subfamilies of Cyprinidae, comprising about 40 genera and 400 species, widely distributed from Asia to Africa (Yao et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2000). Most fish in this subfamily are specifically adapted to fast-flowing freshwater (Zhang et al., 2000), and therefore present highly divergent oromandibular structures, which are important for genus identification (Zhang et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2012). To better understand its phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status, various studies on Labeoninae morphology and molecular phylogeny have been conducted, verifying its monophyly (Chen et al., 1984; Stiassny & Getahun, 2007; Tang et al., 2009; Yang & Mayden, 2010; Yang et al., 2012, Zheng et al., 2010; 2012; 2016). The phylogenetic relationships have been further clarified with increasing species sampled, Yang et al. (2012) dividing Labeoninae into four major clades. Subsequent studies on character evolution of Labeoninae based on molecular phylogeny have indicated that the oromandibular structures evolved in parallel several times (Zheng et al., 2012). As shown from molecular phylogeny, although morphological characters, especially oromandibular structures, cannot reflect genetic relationships, they can distinguish genera and species. (Zheng et al., 2012, 2016).
In the past few years, new freshwater fish species have been consistently described from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, such as Lanlabeo duanensis (Yao et al., 2018). Recently, new specimens of Labeoninae with unique morphological characters were collected in this area. Both morphology and molecular phylogeny indicated that these specimens represented an undescribed genus and species, named Guigarra cailaoensis sp. nov., which is described herein.
Further details are provided in the Supplementary Materials and Methods. Counts and measurements followed Kottelat (2001), with some adjustments. Three genes (COI, cyt b, and Rag 1) were used to construct the phylogenetic tree in this study.
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5128.1.2
PUBLISHED: 2022-04-19
Lacustricola margaritatus, a new species of lampeye from the Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga basins in eastern Africa (Cyprinodontiformes: Procatopodidae)
PISCESKENYA'LACUSTRICOLA' CENTRALISLACUSTRICOLA PUMILUSLAKE VICTORIA ECOREGIONTANZANIATAXONOMYUGANDAAbstractLacustricola margaritatus, a new species inhabiting small streams and swamps in the Lake Victoria basin in north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda, and the Lake Kyoga basin in central Uganda, is described. Lacustricola margaritatus is a small species with a moderately deep body, moderate dimorphism and pronounced dichromatism. It is distinguished from all other Procatopodidae by the following unique combination of characters: live male body colour pattern with vertically-elongated iridescent light blue patches at scale centres, forming a striped appearance of dotted longitudinal lines on the flanks, particularly evident in the two or three series below the mid-longitudinal line; male having deeply coloured unpaired fins with orange-brown in the proximal and median parts and a narrow black distal band; male with a yellow base along the pectoral fin; female with dark grey scale margins and dark grey patches on scales along mid-longitudinal series creating a narrow dark grey stripe; both sexes showing inconspicuous postopercular blotch; and in both sexes, the cephalic sensory system is entirely situated in open grooves at all levels. The new species has previously often been misidentified as L. pumilus, originally described as inhabiting the Lake Tanganyika basin in north-eastern Zambia, or 'L.' centralis, from the Lake Rukwa basin in south-western Tanzania. Lacustricola margaritatus differs from the above two species by morphometric and meristic characters, body and fin colouration, and in arrangement of the cephalic sensory system.
==========================
PUBLISHED: 2022-04-19
Lacustricola margaritatus, a new species of lampeye from the Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga basins in eastern Africa (Cyprinodontiformes: Procatopodidae)
PISCESKENYA'LACUSTRICOLA' CENTRALISLACUSTRICOLA PUMILUSLAKE VICTORIA ECOREGIONTANZANIATAXONOMYUGANDAAbstractLacustricola margaritatus, a new species inhabiting small streams and swamps in the Lake Victoria basin in north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda, and the Lake Kyoga basin in central Uganda, is described. Lacustricola margaritatus is a small species with a moderately deep body, moderate dimorphism and pronounced dichromatism. It is distinguished from all other Procatopodidae by the following unique combination of characters: live male body colour pattern with vertically-elongated iridescent light blue patches at scale centres, forming a striped appearance of dotted longitudinal lines on the flanks, particularly evident in the two or three series below the mid-longitudinal line; male having deeply coloured unpaired fins with orange-brown in the proximal and median parts and a narrow black distal band; male with a yellow base along the pectoral fin; female with dark grey scale margins and dark grey patches on scales along mid-longitudinal series creating a narrow dark grey stripe; both sexes showing inconspicuous postopercular blotch; and in both sexes, the cephalic sensory system is entirely situated in open grooves at all levels. The new species has previously often been misidentified as L. pumilus, originally described as inhabiting the Lake Tanganyika basin in north-eastern Zambia, or 'L.' centralis, from the Lake Rukwa basin in south-western Tanzania. Lacustricola margaritatus differs from the above two species by morphometric and meristic characters, body and fin colouration, and in arrangement of the cephalic sensory system.
==========================
Percina freemanorum • A New Species of Bridled Darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina) Endemic to the Etowah River System in Georgia
Percina freemanorum Near & Dinkins,
in Near, MacGuigan, Boring, Simmons, ... et Dinkins, 2021
Etowah Bridled Darter || DOI: 10.3374/014.062.0102
Abstract
Percina freemanorum, the Etowah Bridled Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Etowah River system in Georgia, specifically in Long Swamp Creek, Amicalola Creek, and the upper portion of the Etowah River. The earliest collection records for Percina freemanorum date to 1948 and in 2007 the species was delimited as populations of Percina kusha. Our investigation into the systematics of Percina kusha is motivated by the uncertain status of populations in the Coosawattee River system and observed morphological disparity in several meristic traits between populations in the Conasauga and Etowah River systems. Our analyses of morphological divergence, nuclear genotypes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype networks confirm the distinctiveness of Percina freemanorum. Morphologically, Percina freemanorum is distinguished from Percina kusha through lower average numbers of lateral line scales (65.4 vs. 72.3); rows of transverse scales (18.0 vs. 21.4); scales around the caudal peduncle (22.1 vs. 24.9); and modally more pectoral fin rays (14 vs. 13). The two species are not reciprocally monophyletic in phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences, but the two species do not share mtDNA haplotypes. Analysis of up to 158,000 double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing loci resolve each of the two species as reciprocally monophyletic and genomic clustering analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identifies two genetic clusters that correspond to the morphologically delimited Percina freemanorum and Percina kusha.
KEYWORDS: Teleostei, species delimitation, ddRAD, phylogeography
Live holotype and allotype specimens of Percina freemanorum. Both specimens collected from Amicalola Creek, Dawson County, Georgia, USA, April 2020.
A. holotype, YPM ICH 034382, 68.0 mm standard length (SL) male.
B. allotype, YPM ICH 034383, 65.5 mm SL female.
Photographs by Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
Percina freemanorum Near & Dinkins
Etowah Bridled Darter
Percina freemanorum type locality: Dawson County, Georgia, USA.
A. Amicalola Creek; B. Underwater, Amicalola Creek.
Photographs by Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
Etymology. Percina freemanorum is named in honor of Mary C. Freeman and Byron (Bud) J. Freeman, who have made substantial contributions to the study of freshwater fishes in the southeastern United States. In particular, their work has shed light on and significantly aided in the conservation ofthe biodiverse rich Etowah Riversystem.
Thomas J. Near, Daniel J. MacGuigan, Emily L. Boring, Jeffrey W. Simmons, Brett Albanese, Benjamin P. Keck, Richard C. Harrington and Gerald R. Dinkins. 2021. A New Species of Bridled Darter Endemic to the Etowah River System in Georgia (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 62(1); 15-42. DOI: 10.3374/014.062.0102
https://news.uga.edu/new-fish-species-named-for-uga-ecologists/
https://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/78/2021/04/Near_et_al2021.pdf
Researchgate.net/publication/350558911_A_New_Species_of_Percina_Endemic_to_the_Etowah_River_System_in_Georgia
Percina freemanorum Near & Dinkins,
in Near, MacGuigan, Boring, Simmons, ... et Dinkins, 2021
Etowah Bridled Darter || DOI: 10.3374/014.062.0102
Abstract
Percina freemanorum, the Etowah Bridled Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Etowah River system in Georgia, specifically in Long Swamp Creek, Amicalola Creek, and the upper portion of the Etowah River. The earliest collection records for Percina freemanorum date to 1948 and in 2007 the species was delimited as populations of Percina kusha. Our investigation into the systematics of Percina kusha is motivated by the uncertain status of populations in the Coosawattee River system and observed morphological disparity in several meristic traits between populations in the Conasauga and Etowah River systems. Our analyses of morphological divergence, nuclear genotypes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype networks confirm the distinctiveness of Percina freemanorum. Morphologically, Percina freemanorum is distinguished from Percina kusha through lower average numbers of lateral line scales (65.4 vs. 72.3); rows of transverse scales (18.0 vs. 21.4); scales around the caudal peduncle (22.1 vs. 24.9); and modally more pectoral fin rays (14 vs. 13). The two species are not reciprocally monophyletic in phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences, but the two species do not share mtDNA haplotypes. Analysis of up to 158,000 double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing loci resolve each of the two species as reciprocally monophyletic and genomic clustering analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identifies two genetic clusters that correspond to the morphologically delimited Percina freemanorum and Percina kusha.
KEYWORDS: Teleostei, species delimitation, ddRAD, phylogeography
Live holotype and allotype specimens of Percina freemanorum. Both specimens collected from Amicalola Creek, Dawson County, Georgia, USA, April 2020.
A. holotype, YPM ICH 034382, 68.0 mm standard length (SL) male.
B. allotype, YPM ICH 034383, 65.5 mm SL female.
Photographs by Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
Percina freemanorum Near & Dinkins
Etowah Bridled Darter
Percina freemanorum type locality: Dawson County, Georgia, USA.
A. Amicalola Creek; B. Underwater, Amicalola Creek.
Photographs by Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
Etymology. Percina freemanorum is named in honor of Mary C. Freeman and Byron (Bud) J. Freeman, who have made substantial contributions to the study of freshwater fishes in the southeastern United States. In particular, their work has shed light on and significantly aided in the conservation ofthe biodiverse rich Etowah Riversystem.
Thomas J. Near, Daniel J. MacGuigan, Emily L. Boring, Jeffrey W. Simmons, Brett Albanese, Benjamin P. Keck, Richard C. Harrington and Gerald R. Dinkins. 2021. A New Species of Bridled Darter Endemic to the Etowah River System in Georgia (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 62(1); 15-42. DOI: 10.3374/014.062.0102
https://news.uga.edu/new-fish-species-named-for-uga-ecologists/
https://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/78/2021/04/Near_et_al2021.pdf
Researchgate.net/publication/350558911_A_New_Species_of_Percina_Endemic_to_the_Etowah_River_System_in_Georgia
Review of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, with description of a new species
Silvia Yasmin Lustosa-CostaTelton Pedro Anselmo RamosCláudio Henrique ZawadzkiSergio Maia Queiroz LimaABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractThe species of Hypostomus from the Parnaíba River basin were reviewed through molecular and morphological analysis. Five species were found in the basin, including a new species herein described. The distribution of H. pusarum was expanded to this basin, and a closely related species was recorded (H. aff. pusarum), also the presence of H. johnii and H. vaillanti was confirmed. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by its large number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, a wide dental angle of 115° to 135°, presence of a rounded dark spots on a lighter background and anteromedial region of the abdomen depleted of plaques (vs. anteromedial region of the abdomen covered by platelets and odontodes in H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum and H. vaillanti). Furthermore, an identification key of the species from the Maranhão-Piauí ecoregion and maps with the geographic distribution of these species are presented. The species of Hypostomus in the Parnaíba River basin have different geographic distributions, suggesting different niches or geographical barriers, providing an opportunity for ecological and evolutionary studies.
www.scielo.br/j/ni/a/8QdZZxdjvMLzT5ctZW7SKyz/
==========================
Silvia Yasmin Lustosa-CostaTelton Pedro Anselmo RamosCláudio Henrique ZawadzkiSergio Maia Queiroz LimaABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractThe species of Hypostomus from the Parnaíba River basin were reviewed through molecular and morphological analysis. Five species were found in the basin, including a new species herein described. The distribution of H. pusarum was expanded to this basin, and a closely related species was recorded (H. aff. pusarum), also the presence of H. johnii and H. vaillanti was confirmed. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by its large number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, a wide dental angle of 115° to 135°, presence of a rounded dark spots on a lighter background and anteromedial region of the abdomen depleted of plaques (vs. anteromedial region of the abdomen covered by platelets and odontodes in H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum and H. vaillanti). Furthermore, an identification key of the species from the Maranhão-Piauí ecoregion and maps with the geographic distribution of these species are presented. The species of Hypostomus in the Parnaíba River basin have different geographic distributions, suggesting different niches or geographical barriers, providing an opportunity for ecological and evolutionary studies.
www.scielo.br/j/ni/a/8QdZZxdjvMLzT5ctZW7SKyz/
==========================
Congochromis rotundiceps sp. nov., a new cichlid species (Actinopterygii: Cichlidae) from the Congo Drainage PISCESCONGOCHROMISNEW SPECIESCENTRAL CONGO BASINMALEBO POOL AbstractA new dwarf cichlid, Congochromis rotundiceps sp. nov., (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) is described from the central Congo basin. It is a species of Congochromis based on the following characters: (1) four pores in the dentary laterosensory canal; (2) absence of a laterosensory canal in the angulo-articular, (3) six pores in the preopercle laterosensory canal; (4) a single tubular infraorbital bone behind the lachrymal; (5) 12 circumpeduncular scales; (6) jaw teeth comparatively robust, unicuspids, not closely spaced; and (7) presence of a small, supraneural bone. Congochromis rotundiceps sp. nov. is distinguished from all other Congochromis species by the combination of the following characters: (1) a larger eye diameter (31.4–35.1% HL), (2) a shorter snout length (29.8–32.7% HL), (3) a shorter upper lip length (29.2–32.0% HL), (4) a shorter lower lip length (26.2–33.6% HL), (5) a shorter lower lip width (27.7–31.2% HL), and (6) a shorter anal-fin length (15.3–16.97% SL). Diagnostic characters were extracted mainly from meristic counts and distance measurements from 326 chromidotilapiine cichlid specimens representing all chromidotilapiine genera and 40 described or undescribed species. The analysis of the complete meristic and distance measurements database allowed the diagnosis of C. rotundiceps sp. nov., but not for diagnostic separation of many other chromidotilapiine genera, species, and lineages. This result highlights the necessity to explore additional characters to elucidate chromidotilapiine cichlid taxonomy further.
References
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Boulenger, G. (1898) A revision of the African and Syrian fishes of the family Cichlidae. Part I. Proceedings Zoological Society of London, 1898 (pt 2), 132–152, pl. 19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03136.x
Boulenger, G. (1899) Matériaux pour la faune du Congo. Poissons nouveaux du Congo. Troisième Partie. Silures, Acanthoptérygiens, Mastacembles, Plectognathes. Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoology), (1/3), 39-58, pls. 20–29.
Boulenger, G. (1902) Contributions to the ichthyology of the Congo. II. On a collection of fishes from the Lindi River. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1902, 1 (pt 1), 265–271, pls. 28–30.
Daget, J. (1988) Thysochromis nom. nov. en remplacement de Thysia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Cybium, 12 (1), 97.
Greenwood, P. (1987) The genera of pelmatochromine fishes (Teleostei, Cichlidae). A phylogenetic review. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 53, 139–203.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. & Ryan, P. (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4 (1), 1–9.
Kocher, T. (2004) Adaptative evolution and explosive speciation: The cichlid fish model. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5, 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1316
Lamboj, A. (1999) Cichlids of the biospere reservation of Dimonika (Mayombe, Congo) with description of two new Chromidotilapia species (Teleostei, Perciformes). Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie, 1, 139–156.
Lamboj, A. & Snoeks, J. (2000) Divandu albimarginatus, a new genus and species of cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Congo and Gabon, Central Africa. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 11 (4), 355–360.
Lamboj, A. (2003) Chromidotilapia melaniae and C. nana, two new cichlid species (Perciformes, Cichlidae) from Gabon, Central Africa. Zootaxa, 143, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.143.1.1
Lamboj, A. (2001) Revision des Chromidotilapia batesii/finleyi-Komplexes (Teleostei, Perciformes), mit der Beschreibungeiner neuen Gattung und dreier neuer Arten. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie, 2, 11–47.
Lamboj, A. (2005) Nanochromis sabinae, a new cichlid species (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Upper Congo River area and northeast Gabon. Zootaxa, 827, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.827.1.1
Lamboj, A. (2009) A new dwarf cichlid genus and species (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from Guinea, West Africa. Zootaxa, 2173, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2173.1.4
Lamboj, A. (2012) A new species of the genus Congochromis (Cichlidae) from the Central Congo Basin. Cybium, 36 (2), 349–3.
Lamboj, A. & Schelly, R. (2006) Nanochromis teugelsi, a new cichlid species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Kasai Region and central Congo basin. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 17 (3), 247–254.
Lamboj, A., Trummer, F. & Metscher, B. (2016) Wallaceochromis gen. nov, a new chromidotilapiine cichlid genus (Pisces: Perciformes) from West Africa. Zootaxa, 4144 (1), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.8
Paulo, I. (1979) Eine neue Chromodotilapia-Art aus dem Bosumbwe-See/Ghana: Chromidotilapia bosumtwensis sp. n. (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae). Deutsche Cichliden Gesellschaft-Info, 10, 167–174.
Pellegrin, J. (1904) Etude des poisons de la famille des cichlidés. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 16, 273–271.
Pellegrin, J. (1919) Sur un Cichlidé nouveau de l’Ogôoué appartenant au genre Pelmatochromis. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 44, 102–105.
Sauvage, H. (1882) Notice sur les poisons du territoire d’Assinie (Côte d’or) (Mission scientifique de M. chaper). Bulletin Societe zoologique de France, 7, 313–325.
Schliewen, U. & Stiassny, M. (2006) A new species of Nanochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Zootaxa, 1169, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1169.1.2
Schliewen, U. & Stiassny, M. (2003) Etia nguti, a new genus and species of cichlid fish from the River Mamfue, Upper Cross River basin in Cameroon. West-Central Africa. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 14, 61–71.
Schwarzer, J., Lamboj, A., Langen, K., Misof, B. & Schliewen, U. (2015) Phylogeny and age of chromidotilapiine cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Hydrobiologia, 748, 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1918-1
Seehausen, O. (2015) Process and pattern in cichlid radiations – inferences for understanding unusually high rates of evolutionary diversification. New Phytologist, 207, 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13450
Seehausen, O. (2006) African cichlid fish: a model system in adaptive radiation research. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 1987–1998. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3539
Staeck, W. (1980) Chromidotilapia linkei n. sp. aus dem Mungo River, Kamerun (Pisces: Cichlidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 60(3/4), 153–157.
Stauffer, J., Jr., Geerts, M., Konings, A. , McKaye K. & Black, K. (2007) Cichlid fish diversity and speciation. In: Hodkinson T. & Parnell, J. (Eds.). Reconstructing the tree of life: taxonomy and systematics of species rich taxa. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420009538
Stiassny, M. & Alter, S. (2015) Phylogenetics of Teleogramma, a riverine clade of African cichlid fishes, with a description of the deepwater molluskivore--Teleogramma obamaorum--from the lower reaches of the middle Congo River. American Museum Novitates, 3831, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1206/3831.1
Stiassny, M. & Schliewen, U. (2007) Congochromis, a new cichlid genus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from central Africa, with the description of a new species from the upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Museum Novitates, 3576, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3576[1:CANCGT]2.0.CO;2
Thys van den Audenaerde, D. (1968) A preliminary contribution to a systematic revision of the genus Pelmatochromis Hubrecht sensu lato (Pisces, Cichlidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 77, 349–391.
Thys van den Audenaerde, D. & Loiselle, P. (1971) Description of two new small African cichlids. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 83 (3-4), 193–206.
Trewavas, E. (1962) Fishes of the crater lakes of the northwestern Cameroon. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 13, 146–192.
Van der Laan, R., Eschmeyer, W. & Fricke, R. (2021) (Ed.), Catalogue of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http: // research. calacademy. org/ research/ichthyology /catalog /fishcatmain. asp. (accessed 30 June 2021)
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A New Species with Two New Subspecies of Rhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Yaeyama Group, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Toshiyuki SUZUKI, Naoharu OSEKO, Yo Y. YAMASAKI, Seishi KIMURA, Koichi SHIBUKAWA
Author information
Keywords: description, fish taxonomy, freshwater resident, Rhinogobius sp. YB
RESEARCH REPORT / TECHNICAL REPORT FREE ACCESS
2022 Volume 2022 Issue 51 Pages 9-34
DOI https://doi.org/10.32225/bkpmnh.2022.51_9
Details
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AbstractA new freshwater species with two new subspecies of the gobiid fish genus Rhinogobius is described from the Yaeyama Group of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. One of the subspecies, Rhinogobius aonumai aonumai (29 specimens, 35.9–70.5 mm SL) known only from Iriomote-jima Island, is distinguished from all congeneric species-group taxa (species and subspecies) by having the following combination of features: 9–15 predorsal scales; 32–37 longitudinal scales; 11+15–17=26–28 vertebrae (mode 27); anteriormost two pterygiophores (proximal radials) of the second dorsal fin mounted over the neural spine of 10th vertebra; fifth segmented pelvic-fin ray divided into 3–4 (usually four) branches at the position where proximal-most segment of each branch alignes transversely; yellow-colored body in freshly-collected; no dark spot on first dorsal fin; caudal fin with vertical rows of dark spots or forming dark zigzag bands. The other subspecies, Rhinogobius aonumai ishigakiensis (12 specimens, 33.3–56.5 mm SL) known only from Ishigaki-jima Island, is distinguished from all congeneric species-group taxa by having the following combination of features: 10–14 predorsal scales; 33–38 longitudinal scales; 10+16–18=26–28 vertebrae (mode 27); anteriormost two pterygiophores (proximal radials) of the second dorsal fin mounted over the neural spine of 9th vertebra; fifth segmented pelvicfin ray divided into 2–3 (usually two) branches at the position where the proximal-most segment of each branch alignes transversely; yellow-colored body in freshly-collected; no dark spot on first dorsal fin; caudal fin with dark zigzag bands on the caudal fin.
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Toshiyuki SUZUKI, Naoharu OSEKO, Yo Y. YAMASAKI, Seishi KIMURA, Koichi SHIBUKAWA
Author information
Keywords: description, fish taxonomy, freshwater resident, Rhinogobius sp. YB
RESEARCH REPORT / TECHNICAL REPORT FREE ACCESS
2022 Volume 2022 Issue 51 Pages 9-34
DOI https://doi.org/10.32225/bkpmnh.2022.51_9
Details
Download PDF (4625K)
AbstractA new freshwater species with two new subspecies of the gobiid fish genus Rhinogobius is described from the Yaeyama Group of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. One of the subspecies, Rhinogobius aonumai aonumai (29 specimens, 35.9–70.5 mm SL) known only from Iriomote-jima Island, is distinguished from all congeneric species-group taxa (species and subspecies) by having the following combination of features: 9–15 predorsal scales; 32–37 longitudinal scales; 11+15–17=26–28 vertebrae (mode 27); anteriormost two pterygiophores (proximal radials) of the second dorsal fin mounted over the neural spine of 10th vertebra; fifth segmented pelvic-fin ray divided into 3–4 (usually four) branches at the position where proximal-most segment of each branch alignes transversely; yellow-colored body in freshly-collected; no dark spot on first dorsal fin; caudal fin with vertical rows of dark spots or forming dark zigzag bands. The other subspecies, Rhinogobius aonumai ishigakiensis (12 specimens, 33.3–56.5 mm SL) known only from Ishigaki-jima Island, is distinguished from all congeneric species-group taxa by having the following combination of features: 10–14 predorsal scales; 33–38 longitudinal scales; 10+16–18=26–28 vertebrae (mode 27); anteriormost two pterygiophores (proximal radials) of the second dorsal fin mounted over the neural spine of 9th vertebra; fifth segmented pelvicfin ray divided into 2–3 (usually two) branches at the position where the proximal-most segment of each branch alignes transversely; yellow-colored body in freshly-collected; no dark spot on first dorsal fin; caudal fin with dark zigzag bands on the caudal fin.
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A new species of the gudgeon genus Microphysogobio Mori, 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Zhejiang Province, China
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𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑜, a new rheophilic cichlid, is described from the Masala Ma Soso Rapids, Léfini River, Central Congo basin. Sadly may already be extinct due to hydroelectric dam construction upstream.
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A new characin species 𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎
At our upcoming event, we are having a livebearer show consisting of 8 classes with a new novice class. Entries are free. If you are interested in showing, but do not have a show tank, please get in touch as we may have some spare show tanks to loan. We will be posting some tips and advice in our upcoming posts about showing your fish. Please contact Tim Edwards via email at: timedwards594@hotmail.com if you would like to enter fish into the show.
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HTMLhttps://www.britishlivebearerassociation.co.uk/site/product/leicester-spring-auction/
Gobiobotia lii • A New Species of Gudgeon (Teleostei, Gobionidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin, central China
Gobiobotia lii
Chen, Wang, Cao & Zhang, 2022
李氏鳅鮀 || DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.80547
Abstract
Gobiobotia lii is described from the Qi-Shui, a stream tributary on the northern bank of the middle Chang-Jiang mainstem in Hubei Province and Lake Dongting in Hunan Province, central China. The new species is distinguished from all other congeneric species by possessing a combination of the following characters: a naked region of the abdomen adjacent to the ventral mid-line extending to the vent and the vertebral count (4+31–32). The validity of G. lii is confirmed by its monophyletic nature recovered in a phylogenetic analysis, based on the cyt b gene and its significant sequence divergence with sampled congeneric species. Critical notes were given on the species recognition of historically documented eight-barbel gudgeons co-existing in Lake Dongting. Gobiobotia nicholsi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966 should be a valid species distinct from G. filifer (Garman, 1912) and both G. pappenheimi Kreyenberg, 1911 and G. boulengeri (=Xenophysogobio boulengeri (Tchang, 1929)) have an erroneous record from the Lake.
Key Words: cyt b gene, new taxon, morphology, species identification, taxonomy
Gobiobotia lii, holotype, IHB 202103051401, 48.6 mm SL,
P. R. China: Hubei Province: Qichun County: Xiangqiao Town: Chang-Jiang Basin, Qi-Shui.
photographed alive immediately upon capture.
Gobiobotia lii sp. nov.
Gobiobotia pappenheimi Chen & Cao, 1977: 556 (Lake Dongting), Synonym
Diagnosis: Gobiobotia lii is distinct from all other congeneric species, except G. brevirostris Chen & Cao, 1977, G. homalopteroidea Rendahl, 1933, G. jiangxiensis Zhang & Liu, 1995 and G. pappenheimi Kreyenberg, 1911, in having a naked region of the abdomen adjacent to the ventral mid-line extending to or beyond the vent (vs. to or away from the pelvic-fin base) (Figs 2c, 3). It differs from these four species in having 4+31–32 (vs. 4+33–37) vertebrae. The new species shares with G. homalopteroidea and G. pappenheimi the presence of smaller eyes (diameter less than the interorbital width), maxillary barbels longer than the eye diameter and the third pair of longer mental barbels extending to the pectoral-fin insertion, these three characters separating them from G. brevirostris and G. jiangxiensis. The new species further differs from G. homalopteroidea in possessing a smaller (vs. larger) naked region of the abdomen adjacent to the ventral mid-line extending to the anus (vs. to the anal-fin origin) and the eye diameter 20.0–25.8% of HL (vs. 10.8–13.9%); and from G. pappenheimi in having pectoral fins extending away from (vs. beyond) the pelvic-fin insertion, the second branched pectoral-fin ray not prolonged (vs. prolonged) and a longer (vs. shorter) snout than the post-orbital length.
Etymology: The specific epithet is named after Shi-Zhen Li, a native of Qichun County where the holotype and partial paratypes were caught. Li was a well-known medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, who compiled “Compendium of Materia Medica” (‘本草纲目’ in Chinese) - one of the most valuable pieces of literature of traditional Chinese medicine. He had a typical image as an old man with a long white dense beard, just like the eight-barbel gudgeon. The common Chinese name ‘李氏鳅鮀’ in here proposed for Gobiobotia lii.
Xiao Chen, Man Wang, Liang Cao and E. Zhang. 2022. Gobiobotia lii, A New Species of Gudgeon (Teleostei, Gobionidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin, central China, with Notes on the Validity of G. nicholsi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 98(1): 93-107. DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.80547
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Gobiobotia lii
Chen, Wang, Cao & Zhang, 2022
李氏鳅鮀 || DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.80547
Abstract
Gobiobotia lii is described from the Qi-Shui, a stream tributary on the northern bank of the middle Chang-Jiang mainstem in Hubei Province and Lake Dongting in Hunan Province, central China. The new species is distinguished from all other congeneric species by possessing a combination of the following characters: a naked region of the abdomen adjacent to the ventral mid-line extending to the vent and the vertebral count (4+31–32). The validity of G. lii is confirmed by its monophyletic nature recovered in a phylogenetic analysis, based on the cyt b gene and its significant sequence divergence with sampled congeneric species. Critical notes were given on the species recognition of historically documented eight-barbel gudgeons co-existing in Lake Dongting. Gobiobotia nicholsi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966 should be a valid species distinct from G. filifer (Garman, 1912) and both G. pappenheimi Kreyenberg, 1911 and G. boulengeri (=Xenophysogobio boulengeri (Tchang, 1929)) have an erroneous record from the Lake.
Key Words: cyt b gene, new taxon, morphology, species identification, taxonomy
Gobiobotia lii, holotype, IHB 202103051401, 48.6 mm SL,
P. R. China: Hubei Province: Qichun County: Xiangqiao Town: Chang-Jiang Basin, Qi-Shui.
photographed alive immediately upon capture.
Gobiobotia lii sp. nov.
Gobiobotia pappenheimi Chen & Cao, 1977: 556 (Lake Dongting), Synonym
Diagnosis: Gobiobotia lii is distinct from all other congeneric species, except G. brevirostris Chen & Cao, 1977, G. homalopteroidea Rendahl, 1933, G. jiangxiensis Zhang & Liu, 1995 and G. pappenheimi Kreyenberg, 1911, in having a naked region of the abdomen adjacent to the ventral mid-line extending to or beyond the vent (vs. to or away from the pelvic-fin base) (Figs 2c, 3). It differs from these four species in having 4+31–32 (vs. 4+33–37) vertebrae. The new species shares with G. homalopteroidea and G. pappenheimi the presence of smaller eyes (diameter less than the interorbital width), maxillary barbels longer than the eye diameter and the third pair of longer mental barbels extending to the pectoral-fin insertion, these three characters separating them from G. brevirostris and G. jiangxiensis. The new species further differs from G. homalopteroidea in possessing a smaller (vs. larger) naked region of the abdomen adjacent to the ventral mid-line extending to the anus (vs. to the anal-fin origin) and the eye diameter 20.0–25.8% of HL (vs. 10.8–13.9%); and from G. pappenheimi in having pectoral fins extending away from (vs. beyond) the pelvic-fin insertion, the second branched pectoral-fin ray not prolonged (vs. prolonged) and a longer (vs. shorter) snout than the post-orbital length.
Etymology: The specific epithet is named after Shi-Zhen Li, a native of Qichun County where the holotype and partial paratypes were caught. Li was a well-known medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, who compiled “Compendium of Materia Medica” (‘本草纲目’ in Chinese) - one of the most valuable pieces of literature of traditional Chinese medicine. He had a typical image as an old man with a long white dense beard, just like the eight-barbel gudgeon. The common Chinese name ‘李氏鳅鮀’ in here proposed for Gobiobotia lii.
Xiao Chen, Man Wang, Liang Cao and E. Zhang. 2022. Gobiobotia lii, A New Species of Gudgeon (Teleostei, Gobionidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang Basin, central China, with Notes on the Validity of G. nicholsi Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 98(1): 93-107. DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.80547
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Aqua Journey Documents Nannostomus sp. ‘Super Red Cenepa’ in Hong Kong
www.reef2rainforest.com/2022/03/31/aqua-journey-documents-nannostomus-sp-super-red-cenepa-in-hong-kong/
www.reef2rainforest.com/2022/03/31/aqua-journey-documents-nannostomus-sp-super-red-cenepa-in-hong-kong/
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The pelvic-brooding ricefish Oryzias eversi – hardly known and already lost?
more at:- sulawesikeepers.org/the-pelvic-brooding-ricefish.../
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more at:- sulawesikeepers.org/the-pelvic-brooding-ricefish.../
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Mystus irulu, a new species of bagrid catfish from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India (Teleostei: Bagridae)
PISCESSILURIFORMESBAGRIDAEWESTERN GHATSNETRAVATHI RIVERKARNATAKAAbstractMystus irulu, new species, is described from the Netravathi River system from the Western Ghats of Karnataka. It differs all South Asian congeners in having a uniformly black colour pattern, a long-based adipose fin reaching the base of the last dorsal-fin ray anteriorly, dorsal fin with convex dorsoposterior margin, and the following combination of characters: body depth at anus 19.9–22.3 % SL, dorsal-fin spine length 17.5–18.7 % SL, adipose-fin base 34.2–38.4 % SL, caudal peduncle depth 10.6–11.9 % SL and eye diameter 27.2–37.1 % HL.
References
- Blyth, E. (1860) Report on some fishes received chiefly from the Sitang River and its tributary streams, Tenasserim Provinces. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 29, 138–174.
Chakrabarty, P. & Ng, H.H. (2005) The identity of catfishes identified as Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822) (Teleostei: Bagridae), with a description of a new species from Myanmar. Zootaxa, 1093 (1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.1
Darshan, A., Vishwanath, W., Mahanta, P.C. & Barat, A. (2011) Mystus ngasep, a new catfish species (Teleostei:Bagridae) from the headwaters of Chindwin drainage in Manipur, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3, 2177–2183. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2180.2177-83
Darshan, A., Abujam, S., Kumar, R., Parhi, J., Singh, Y.S., Vishwanath, W., Das, D.N., Pandey, P.K. (2019) Mystus prabini, a new species of catfish (Siluriformes: Bagridae) from Arunachal Pradesh, north-eastern, India. Zootaxa, 4648 (3), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4648.3.6
Ferraris, C.J. (2007) Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa, 1418 (1), 1–628. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1
Ng, H.K. & Kottelat, M. (2009) A new species of Mystus from Myanmar (Siluriformes: Bagridae). Copeia, 2009 (2), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-104
Ng, H.H. & Kottelat, M. (2013) Revision of the Asian catfish genus Hemibagrus Bleeker, 1862 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Bagridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61, 205–291.
Ng, H.H. & Pethiyagoda, R. (2013) Mystus zeylanicus, a new species of bagrid catfish from Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Bagridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24, 161–170.
Roberts, T.R. (1994) Systematic revision of Asian bagrid catfishes of the genus Mystus sensu stricto, with a new species from Thailand and Cambodia. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 5, 241–256.
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The emerald green tetra: a new restricted-range Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Juruena, Chapada dos Parecis, Brazil
Fernando Cesar Paiva Dagosta1 , Thomaz Jefrey Seren1, Anderson Ferreira1 and Manoela Maria Ferreira Marinho2
PDF: EN XML: EN | Cite this article
Abstract A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from the rio Mutum, a tributary of the rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. The new taxon can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a well-defined and relatively narrow dark midlateral stripe on body, extending from head to the middle caudal-fin rays, presence of a humeral blotch, distal profile of the anal fin falcate in males, 13–16 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 17–26), and 11 or 12 horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle. The new species shows polymorphism regarding the presence of the adipose fin, and a discussion on this type of polymorphism across the family and its systematic implications is presented.
Keywords: Adipose fin, Amazon, Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, Tapajós, Taxonomy.
Introduction
Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 is one of the most species-rich genera of the Characidae, currently with more than 160 valid species (Marinho et al., 2016; Carvalho et al., 2017; Pastana et al., 2017; Faria et al., 2020; Fricke et al., 2022). It is distributed from southern Mexico to the rio de La Plata in Argentina, but most species occur in the Cis-Andean region, mainly in the Amazon basin, where it is the second most rich genus (Dagosta, de Pinna, 2019). Besides being diverse in the number of species and in body shape diversity, the group is also plenty in color variation. It ranges from the flame-colored rosy-tetra clade to the elegant Hyphessobrycon loweae-group (sensu Ingenito et al., 2013), with elongate fins, or to the contrasting colored, dark banded species such as the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group (sensu Faria et al., 2021).
A new species was collected during an expedition to the headwaters of the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, at Chapada dos Parecis, Brazil. The new species is remarkable in coloration and has been exported by aquarists under the name Hyphessobrycon melanostichos Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006. It ispopularly known as ‘emerald green tetra’. Additional specimens were recognized in the MZUSP collection and examined. The objective of the present work is to describe the new species and to evaluate its conservation status. Because the new taxon is polymorphic regarding the presence of adipose fin, we also discuss the application of this character in the systematic of characids.
Material and methods
Counts and measurements follow Fink, Weitzman (1974), except for not including eye-dorsal fin origin measurement and for number of horizontal scale rows below lateral line, which are counted to the pelvic-fin insertion, not including the small scale at pelvic-fin insertion, and with the addition of head depth, measured at vertical through the base of supraoccipital process. Standard length (SL) is given in millimeters (mm) and all other measurements are expressed as percentage of SL or of head length (HL) for subunits of head. In the description, counts are followed by their frequency of occurrence in parentheses, and an asterisk indicates the counts of the holotype. Number of maxillary tooth cusps, small dentary teeth, supraneurals, branchiostegal rays, gill rakers, vertebrae, unbranched anal-fin rays, and procurrent caudal-fin rays were obtained only from cleared and stained (c&s) specimens prepared according to Taylor, Van Dyke (1985). Vertebrae of the Weberian apparatus are counted as four elements and the compound caudal centra (PU1+U1) as a single element. Circuli and radii counts were taken from scale row immediately above the lateral line. The sex of specimens was confirmed by dissection and direct examination of the gonads. Diet was checked in 20 individuals from the type locality (22.3–35.0 mm SL). In the list of types and comparative material, catalog numbers are followed by the number of specimens in alcohol, their SL range, and if any, the number of c&s specimens and their respective SL range. Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj (2020).
Results
Hyphessobrycon comodoro, new speciesurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F8D142C-C2D3-4CB2-AD15-D746BB4F90E4
(Figs. 1–2; Tab. 1)
Holotype. MZUSP 125904, 29.6 mm SL. Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Municipality of Comodoro, lagoon at tributary of the rio Mutum, formed due to the construction of a road, tributary of rio Camararé, upper rio Juruena basin, rio Tapajós basin, 13°12’47.6”S 59°54’13.8”W, 567 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 2018, F. Dagosta, A. Ferreira & H. Lenza.
Paratypes. All from Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Municipality of Comodoro, rio Mutum drainage, upper rio Juruena basin. MZUSP 125215, 4 c&s, 211, 16.8–38.6 mm SL, UFPB 12086, 10, 24.0–31.2 mm SL, INPA 59651, 5, 26.2–31.1 mm SL, collected with holotype. MZUSP 115698, 22, 18.2–34.0 mm SL, rio Mutum at the Fazenda Mutum, at the bridge of the road between Comodoro and Vilhena, 13°05’09.2”S 59°53’33.8”W, 502 m a.s.l., 29 Aug 2013, O. Oyakawa, F. Dagosta, M. Marinho & P. Camelier. MZUSP 125217, 63, 13.9–32.1 mm SL, lagoon at tributary of the rio Mutum, formed due to the construction of a road, tributary of rio Camararé, upper rio Juruena basin, rio Tapajós basin, 13°13’23.2”S 59°54’41.8”W, 551 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 2018, F. Dagosta, A. Ferreira & H. Lenza. MZUSP 125221, 136, 14.3–29.7 mm SL, rio Mutum at the bridge of the road BR–364, 13°05’05.3”S 59°53’30.7”W, 504 m a.s.l., 20 Oct 2018, F. Dagosta, A. Ferreira & H. Lenza.
Diagnose. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners, except Hyphessobrycon. cachimbensis Travassos, 1964, H. cyanotaenia Zarske & Géry, 2006, H. fernandezi Fernández-Yépez, 1972, H. melanostichos, H. nigricinctus Zarske & Géry, 2004, H. paucilepis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008, H. petricolus Ohara, Lima & Barros, 2017, H. piranga Camelier, Dagosta & Marinho, 2018, H. psittacus Dagosta, Marinho, Camelier & Lima, 2016, H. scholzei Ahl, 1937, H. sovichthys Schultz, 1944, H. stegemanni Géry, 1961, H. taphorni García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Ortega, 2013, H. tuyensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008, and H. vilmae Géry, 1966 by the presence of a well-defined and relatively narrow dark midlateral stripe on body, extending from head to the middle caudal-fin rays (vs. well-defined longitudinal stripe absent, or stripe wider than the orbit, or stripe starting approximately vertically through the origin of the dorsal fin or stripe blurred posteriorly). The new species is distinguished from the aforementioned species, except H. cachimbensis, H. cyanotaenia, H. melanostichos, H. nigricinctus, and H. petricolus, by the possession of a humeral blotch (vs. humeral blotch absent). It is distinguished from H. cachimbensis and H. cyanotaenia by having the distal profile of the anal fin falcate in males (vs. approximately straight or convex) and from H. cachimbensis, H. petricolus, and H. nigricinctus by having 13–16 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 17–26).It can be further distinguished from H. cyanotaenia by lacking concentration of black pigmentation on longest rays of dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins (vs. pigmentation present).It is readily distinguished from H. melanostichos, the most similar congener, by having 11 or 12 horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle (vs. 14), fewer branched pelvic-fin rays (6 vs. 7), humeral blotch wider than deep, with pigmentation much more intense than the dark midlateral band, with well-defined edges (vs. humeral blotch deeper than wide, with pigmentation similar to the dark midlateral band, without well-defined edges). Another useful character in distinguishing H. comodoro from H. melanostichos is the presence of 13–15, mode 14, rarely 16 (only 3 of 30 specimens), branched anal-fin rays (vs. 16–18, mode 16).
Description. Morphometric data in Tab. 1. Body compressed, moderately elongate. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from upper lip to vertical through posterior nostril; slightly convex from that point to base of supraoccipital spine Dorsal profile of body convex along predorsal region, slightly convex along dorsal-fin base, straight from terminus of dorsal-fin base to adipose-fin origin, and slightly concave to straight from that point to origin of anteriormost dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from tip of lower lip to pelvic-fin origin, slightly concave between latter point to anal-fin origin, somewhat straight to convex (see Sexual Dimorphism section) along anal-fin base, and concave from the terminus of anal fin to origin of anteriormost ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray.
Holotype
n
Range
Mean
SD
Standard length (mm)
29.6
30
20.7–35
28.2
–
Percentage of standard length
Depth at dorsal-fin origin
36.3
30
30.6–37.9
34.4
1.8
Snout to dorsal-fin origin
54.2
30
53–57.7
55.6
1.1
Snout to pectoral-fin origin
28.5
30
27.4–31.5
29.3
1.1
Snout to pelvic-fin origin
52.8
30
49.5–56.3
52.8
1.5
Snout to anal-fin origin
70.0
30
66.8–74.2
70.4
1.7
Caudal-peduncle depth
13.6
30
10.5–13.7
12.5
0.7
Caudal-peduncle length
13.8
30
10.2–15
12.3
1.2
Pectoral-fin length
19.2
30
17.7–20.9
19.2
0.8
Pelvic-fin length
15.8
30
14.3–19
15.8
0.9
Dorsal-fin length
27.7
30
21.9–27.7
25.8
1.4
Dorsal-fin base length
14.0
30
11.7–16
13.6
1.1
Anal-fin length
20.3
30
17.2–22.3
20.0
1.3
Anal-fin base length
22.2
30
19.4–26.1
22.0
1.6
Head length
29.6
30
27.1–32
29.1
1.1
Percentage of head length
Horizontal eye diameter
34.8
30
30.6–41.1
36.2
2.3
Snout length
20.6
30
40.5–49.1
22.9
1.5
Interorbital width
26.2
30
20.5–31.7
27.2
1.8
Upper jaw length
41.1
30
24.4–25.9
44.8
1.9
TABLE 1 | Morphometric data of Hyphessobrycon comodoro. Range includes the holotype. SD = Standard deviation.
Jaws vertically aligned, mouth terminal. Premaxillary teeth in two distinct rows. Outer row with 2(1), 3*(21), or 4(9) tri- to pentacuspid teeth. Inner row with 5*(31) tri- to heptacuspid teeth. Posterior tip of maxilla at vertical through posterior half of second infraorbital. Maxilla with 1(2), 2*(28), or 3(1) conical to pentacuspid teeth. Dentary with 5*(31) larger penta- to heptacuspid teeth followed by series of 5 to 9 diminutive conical to tricuspid teeth. Central median cusp in all teeth longer than lateral cusps. Branchiostegal rays 4(4). Gill-rakers 8(2) or 9(2) in the lower and 7(1) or 8(3) in the upper branch.
Cycloid scales, with 5–7 radii from focus to posterior border, and conspicuous circulii anteriorly. Lateral line incomplete, with 6(1), 7(1), 8*(26), 9(2), or 10(1) perforated scales, and 29*(6), 30(16), or 31(7) total scales on longitudinal series. Longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 4(1) or 5*(30). Longitudinal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3*(27) or 4(4). Scales along middorsal line between posterior tip of supraoccipital process and dorsal-fin origin 9*(13), 10(11), or 11(7). Horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle 11(6) or 12*(25). Base of anteriormost anal-fin rays covered by series of 3 or 4 scales. Caudal fin not scaled.
Supraneurals 4(2) or 5(2). Dorsal-fin rays ii*(29), iii(2), 7(1), 8(10), or 9*(20). Base of last dorsal-fin ray at vertical anterior to anal fin. Pectoral-fin rays i*(31), 9(16), or 10*(15). Pelvic-fin rays i*(31), 6*(31). Adipose fin frequently present, of variable size, present in 27 specimens, absent in four specimens. Anal fin falcate, with iv*(4), 13(3), 14*(18), 15(7), or 16(3) branched rays. Principal caudal-fin rays i,9,8,i*(27), i,8,8,i(1), i,10,8,i(1), i,9,7,i(1); caudal fin forked, lobes somewhat pointed, of similar size. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 10(4); ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 9(4). Total vertebrae 32(2) or 33(2): precaudal vertebrae 14(1) or 15(3) and caudal vertebrae 17(2) or 18(2).
Color in alcohol. Overall ground coloration of head and body beige (Fig. 1). Some specimens retaining guanine on opercular region. Dorsal portion of head and dorsal midline of body dark.A reticulated pattern on first three to four horizontal scale rows, formed by concentration of chromatophores on posterior margin of scales.Snout, jaws and 1st and 2nd infraorbitals with concentration of dark chromatophores, 3rd and 4th infraorbitals with scattered dark pigmentation and 5th and 6th infraorbitals densely pigmented with dark chromatophores, continuing with dark midlateral stripe. Roughly inverted teardrop-shaped humeral blotch formed by two layers of pigmentation. Superficial layer darker and conspicuous, overlapping midlateral stripe and encompassing approximately four scales horizontally and one or two vertically. Subjacent layer with scattered pigmentation encompassing approximately three scales vertically and forming a ventral projection to the humeral spot with diffuse borders. Dark midlateral stripe on body, extending from upper half of posterior portion of eye to tip of middle caudal-fin rays. Abdominal region with few scattered chromatophores. Sparse dark chromatophores above anal fin, mainly near anal-fin base. Caudal-peduncle blotch absent. Adipose fin with scattered dark chromatophores. All fins with dark chromatophores scattered along edge of lepidotrichia. Dorsal and anal fins with dark pigmentation on interadial membranes. Some specimens with sparse dark pigmentation on pelvic-fin interadial membranes.
FIGURE 1 | Hyphessobrycon comodoro, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Municipality of Comodoro, rio Mutum, upper rio Juruena basin: A. Holotype, MZUSP 125904, 29.6 mm SL, male; B. Paratype, MZUSP 125215, 25.3 mm SL, female; C. Aquarium specimen, not measured or preserved.
Color in life. Middorsal area olive green (Figs. 1C, 2); abdominal region silvery to yellow, with some specimens with orange pigmentation in the ventral portion. Upper portion of eye yellow to red, upper-posterior region dark pigmented. First and second infraorbitals, maxilla, lower jaw, gular area and preopercle with yellow pigmentation and scattered orange chromatophores. Remaining infraorbitals mostly silvery and with sparse orange cromatophores. Some specimens with lower portion of opercle lacking guanine, exposing red branchial filaments inside branchial chamber. Bright green midlateral stripe above and below the dark midlateral stripe, thicker at region above anal-fin base. All fins vivid orange to red coloration, more intense in caudal and anal fins. Adipose fin pale hyaline to pale yellow.
FIGURE 2 | Live coloration of Hyphessobrycon comodoro, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Municipality of Comodoro, rio Mutum, upper rio Juruena basin: A. Holotype, MZUSP 125904, 29.6 mm SL, male; B. Paratype, MZUSP 125215, 27.4 mm SL, male lacking adipose fin; C. Paratype, MZUSP 125215, 29.8 mm SL, female.
Sexual dimorphism. Males with anal-fin base slightly convex (vs. somewhat straight in females). Dark midlateral stripe in males wider and blurred (vs. midlateral stripe relatively narrow and with more defined edges in females), a type of sexual dichromatism involving the larger concentration of melanophore-based pigments in males (Pastana et al., 2017). Bony hooks on fins not present.
Geographical distribution. The new species is so far known from headwater of the rio Mutum, tributary of the rio Camararé, upper rio Juruena basin at Chapada dos Parecis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 3).
FIGURE 3 | Distribution of Hyphessobrycon comodoro in the upper rio Mutum, rio Juruena basin, Brazil. Red star (type locality), black dot (occurrence of other paratypes). Symbol can represent more than one collection event.
Ecological notes. Two collection sites of Hyphessobrycon comodoro are impoundments of tributaries of the rio Mutum formed by the road building (Fig. 4). In these habitats, the water is transparent, with maximum widths ranging 50–60 m and depth 0.3–2 m. The substrate is formed by sand, silt, and organic matter, with the presence of submerged aquatic macrophytes and large amounts of filamentous algae. The only other species collected syntopically was Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), probably a predator of the new species. The streams that form the lagoons are small, 2–4 m wide and 0.5–2 m deep, with clear rapid waters and a bottom composed of sand and leaf litter. Local vegetation is composed of secondary forest. The other known locality lies at the rio Mutum itself, downstream to the other two. At that point, the new species occurs syntopically with Hyphessobrycon hexastichos Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005 and Hasemania nambiquara Bertaco & Malabarba, 2007. The diet was mainly composed of resources autochthonous (91.6% of the volume of food items), mainly vegetable fragments (57.7%) and aquatic insects (32.7%). The vegetable fragments were composed of aquatic macrophyte structures and aquatic insects (fragments of adults, larvae, and pupae of Diptera and larvae of Trichoptera, and Odonata).
FIGURE 4 | Lagoon at the rio Mutum headwater due to the construction of a road, tributary of rio Camararé, upper rio Juruena basin, rio Tapajós basin, Comodoro, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Specimens analyzed were sampled in a region under moderate anthropogenic pressure, which may influence the diet of fish species. Further, damming streams to road buildingchanges the taxonomic and functional of fish assemblages and limits the longitudinal dispersion (Brejão et al., 2020). The transformation from lotic to lentic environments, with an increase in the width of the canopy-opening channel, creates pelagic and benthic areas that allow the proliferation of macrophytes and algae (Brejão et al., 2020). Biological data taken from regions impacted by human action has high scientific value, but in the case of this species, it is crucial that data also be available from less impacted environments.
Etymology. The name comodoro is in reference to the Municipality of Comodoro, Mato Grosso State, where all the specimens were collected. It is also the name of a senior naval rank used in many navies, which inspired the municipality’s name. A noun in apposition.
Conservation status. Hyphessobrycon comodoro is endemic to Brazil and is a restricted-range species, a common pattern among endemic characids of the ‘Chapada dos Parecis’ biogeographic region (Dagosta et al., 2020). Despite such biogeographic region was considered by those authors as one of the Endemic Amazonian Fish Areas (EAFAs), i.e., regions that should be considered as conservation priorities in the basin by presenting imminent threats and a low cover of protected areas, the new species is endemic to one of the most preserved river basins draining the Cerrado biome – the rio Mutum drainage. Hyphessobrycon comodoro is so far known by three localities, but its EOO (Extent of occurrence) is likely underestimated since only the headwater of the rio Mutum basin was sampled. Most of the rio Mutum basin lies within the Nambikwara indigenous territory, where H. comodoro is likely to occur. Despite it has been exported in the aquarium trade it remains abundant in collection sites, which, as far as we know, are the same as those fished by the professional fishermen. Therefore, this species is assessed as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019).
Discussion
The adipose fin is variably developed in Hyphessobrycon comodoro, with few specimens lacking it (4 out of 27). Among Characiformes, absence of adipose fin is relatively uncommon and occurs in species of different lineages of the order (Mirande, 2019; Mattox et al., 2020). Among more than 6,000 living Teleostei species bearing adipose fin (Stewart et al., 2014, 2019), Characiformes is the only order in which its developmental pattern differs. In the Characiformes, the adipose fin develops de novo, i.e., the fin appears after the reduction of the median larval finfold, whereas in the other orders, it develops by the retention of the larval finfold between the dorsal and caudal fin (Fuiman, 1983; Bender, Moritz, 2013; Marinho, 2017; Stewart et al., 2014, 2019).
Absence of adipose fin in Characiformes is more frequent among miniature to small-sized species and has long been related to miniaturization (Weitzman, Malabarba, 1999; Bührnheim et al., 2008), although large species may also lack it (e.g., Erythrinidae, Mattox et al., 2020). Its absence in miniature to small species is probable a consequence of truncation in their development during the evolution of small-body size, in which late-forming structures, such as the “de novo” formation of the adipose fin, are the first to be lost (Marinho, 2017). Besides, morphological variability of characters formed in late developmental stages is also associated with body-size reduction, resulting in intrapopulational variation of that structure (Hanken, Wake, 1993; Marinho et al., 2021). Intraspecific variation regarding presence/absence of adipose fin has been documented for miniature to small characids (Tab. 2) and are herein interpreted as a consequence of developmental truncation. Polymorphisms are not equivalent though. The frequency of the presence of adipose fin varies among species (Fig. 5), evidencing this is a very labile character for some taxa.
Species
Specimens with adipose fin
(%)
Specimens lacking adipose fin
(%)
References
Hyphessobrycon comodoro
194*
91.9
17
8.1
Present study, MZUSP 125215
Hyphessobrycon diastatos
294
99.7
1
0.3
Dagosta et al. (2014)
Hyphessobrycon eilyos
153
74.6
52
25
Lima, Moreira (2003)
Hyphessobrycon uaiso
512
99.8
1
0.2
Carvalho, Langeani (2013)
Hyphessobrycon negodagua
4
2.5
158
98
Lima, Gerhard (2001)
Hysteronotus megalostomus
2
1.8
112
98
Menezes et al. (2016)
Pristella crinogi
15*
45.5
18
55
Lima et al. (2021)
Hasemania nana
3
1.7
173
98
Géry (1977), Dagosta et al. (2014), MZUSP 38040
Xenurobrycon macropus
?
–
?
–
Géry (1977)
TABLE 2 | List of species of Characidae showing intraspecific variation in the absence/presence of the adipose fin. Counts with an asterisk include specimens with vestigial adipose fin.
Polymorphism regarding presence of adipose fin directly affect decisions on the systematic of characiforms, especially the family Characidae. This is because its absence or presence is still widely used to diagnose genera and/or species in the family. For example, Hasemania Ellis, 1911, was originally defined as “like a Hyphessobrycon, but without an adipose” (Ellis, 1911), despite species of both genera present intraespecific variation in this character (Tab. 2; Fig. 5), evidencing the fragility of such definition. Therefore, the use of such labile character in systematics needs to be made with caution. Polymorphism in the presence of adipose fin in Hyphessobrycon comodoro, along with the still poorly known interspecific relationships of large polyphyletic genera within Stethaprioninae (see Mirande, 2019) raise questions on the allocation of the new species in Hyphessobrycon. The monophyletic nature of the genus has long been disputed (Weitzman, Fink, 1983; Weitzman, Palmer, 1997; Mirande, 2010, 2019) and today, Hyphessobrycon is largely accepted as polyphyletic. However, some groups are likely monophyletic, such as the rosy-tetra clade (see Mirande, 2019). The evidence of monophyly of the rosy tetras has long been proposed, based in the unique coloration pattern shared by its species (Weitzman, Palmer, 1997), and was confirmed in recent cladistic works (e.g., Mirande, 2019). Unfortunately, only a restricted sample of Hyphessobrycon could be included, not representing the whole diversity of the genus. Therefore, still needing efforts to advance the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of the species now attributed to Hyphessobrycon. As consequence, the composition, and limits of Hyphessobrycon remain open to question. Despite generic allocation to be tentative, the new species can be distinguished from all remaining characids by the combination of a well-defined and relatively narrow dark midlateral stripe on body extending from the upper half of the posterior margin of the eye to the middle caudal-fin ray, orange fins, a total of 33–35 scales on the longitudinal series, in which only few of them are perforated.
FIGURE 5 | Lagoon at the rio Mutum headwater due to the construction of a road, tributary of rio Camararé, upper rio Juruena basin, rio Tapajós basin, Comodoro, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
It is premature to infer a close evolutionary relationship between the new species with other characids, but morphological features may indicate it is more closely related to species nowadays allocated in Hyphessobrycon. The new species share with H. cachimbensis, H. cyanotaenia, H. melanostichos, H. nigricinctus, and H. petricolus a similar coloration pattern, consisting of a conspicuous, relatively narrow dark midlateral stripe from head to middle caudal-fin ray and a humeral blotch. Except for H. nigricinctus which is restricted to the rio Madre de Dios, H. cachimbensis, H. comodoro, H. cyanotaenia, H. melanostichos, H. nigricinctus, and H. petricolus are all endemic from the Brazilian Shield, occurring in tributaries of the rio Madeira and rio Tapajós basins. Among these species, H. comodoro is particularly similar to H. melanostichos, sharing other coloration details such as the bright orange caudal fin in life, the dark midlateral stripe starting in the upper half of the posterior margin of the eye, with a green to bluish stripe above it and base of anal fin sexually dimorphic, convex in males. Besides very similar morphologically, H. comodoro and H. melanostichos occur very close to each other in neighboring tributaries of the rio Camararé, Juruena river basin. They also share the fact of having a very restricted known distribution, with H. melanostichos so far known only from the rio Doze de Outubro and H. comodoro from the rio Mutum. Populations of H. melanostichos from shield tributaries of the rio Madeira basin (e.g., rio Cabixi, rio Machado) are probably closely related undescribed species that are being studied (FCPD, pers. obs.).
The description of an additional new species already known worldwide in the aquarium trade reveals how scarce is the knowledge on the diversity of Neotropical freshwater fishes (Reis et al., 2016; Albert et al., 2020). Despite being widely sampled in the last decade, the Chapada dos Parecis still provides new and endemic taxa that reinforces the status of being a biogeographic region distinct from the rest of the Amazon basin (Dagosta, de Pinna, 2019; Dagosta et al., 2020).
Comparative material examined. Material examined is the same listed in Dagosta et al. (2016), with the addition of Hasemania nana: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, rio São Francisco basin, MZUSP 38040, 173, 15.6–23.6 mm SL.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Humberto Lenza for his help during fieldwork and to Michel Gianetti (MZUSP) for curatorial assistance. The authors were indebted to Karolina Reis for her support in examining ichthyological material in MZUSP. We thank Fabiano Antunes, Márcia R. Russo, and Adnara R. Gomide for administrative support at Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). Type series was collected at field expeditions partially funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP #2017/09321–5) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq # 405643/2018–7). Authors were supported by CNPq # 405643/2018–7, FCPD and MMFM by FAPESP # 2016/19075–9, and MMFM by FAPESP # 2018/11415–0.
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Carvalho FR, Langeani F. Hyphessobrycon uaiso: new characid fish from the rio Grande, upper rio Paraná basin, Minas Gerais State (Ostariophysi: Characidae), with a brief comment about some types of Hyphessobrycon. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2013; 11(3):525–36. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000300006
Carvalho FR, Cabeceira FG, Carvalho LN. New species of Hyphessobrycon from the Rio Teles Pires, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes). J Fish Biol. 2017; 91(3):750–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13362
Dagosta FCP, Marinho MMF, Camelier P. A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin (Characiformes: Characidae) from the middle rio São Francisco and upper and middle rio Tocantins basins, Brazil, with comments on its biogeographic history. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2014; 12(2):365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130179
Dagosta FCP, Marinho MMF, Camelier P, Lima FCT. A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper Rio Juruena basin, Central Brazil, with a redescription of H. cyanotaenia. Copeia. 2016; 104(1):250–59. https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-15-243
Dagosta FCP, de Pinna M. The fishes of the amazon: distribution and biogeographical patterns, with a comprehensive list of species. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 2019; 431:1–163. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.431.1.1
Dagosta FCP, De Pinna M, Peres CA, Tagliacollo VAT. Existing protected areas provide a poor safety-net for threatened Amazonian fish species. Aquat Conserv. 2020; 31(5):1167–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3461
Ellis MD. On the species of Hasemania, Hyphessobrycon, and Hemigrammus collected by J. D. Haseman for the Carnegie Museum. Ann Carnegie Mus. 1911; 8(1):148–63.
Faria TC, Bastos DA, Zuanon J, Lima FCT. A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the Central Amazon basin, Brazil. Zootaxa. 2020; 4859(2):275–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.2.6
Faria TC, Guimarães KLA, Rodrigues LRR, Oliveira C, Lima FCT. A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes; Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the lower Amazon basin, Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0102
Fink WL, Weitzman SH. The so-called Cheirodontin fishes of Central America with descriptions of two new species (Pisces: Characidae). Smithson Contrib Zool. 1974; 172:1–46.
Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, Van der Laan R. Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco: California Academy of Science; 2022. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
Fuiman RA. Ostariophysi: development and relationships. In: Moser HG, Richards WJ, Cohen DM, Fahay MP, Kendall AW, Jr., Richarddson SL, editors. Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. California: American Society of Herpetology and Ichthyology; 1983. p. 126–37.
Géry J. Characoids of the World. New Jersey: T. F. H. Publications; 1977.
Hanken J, Wake DB. Miniaturization of Body Size: Organismal Consequences and Evolutionary Significance. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 1993; 24:501–19. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.24.1.501
Ingenito LFS, Lima FCT, Buckup PA. A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin (Characiformes: Characidae) form the rio Juruena basin, central Brazil, with notes on H. loweae Costa & Géry. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2013; 11(1):33–44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000100004
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Standards and petitions committee. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 14 [Internet]. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee; 2019. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines
Lima FCT, Gerhard P. A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, with notes on its natural history. Ichthyol Explor Fres. 2001; 12(2):105–14.
Lima FCT, Moreira CR. Three new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Araguaia basin in Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2003; 1(1):21–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252003000100003
Lima FCT, Caires RA, Conde-Saldaña CC, Mirande JM, Carvalho FR. A new miniature Pristella (Actinopterygii: Characiformes: Characidae) with reversed sexual dimorphism from the rio Tocantins and rio São Francisco basins, Brazil. Can J Zool. 2021; 99:339–48. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0241
Marinho MMF, Dagosta FCP, Camelier P, Oyakawa OT. A name for the ‘blueberry tetra’, an aquarium trade popular species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin (Characiformes: Characidae), with comments on fish species descriptions lacking accurate type locality. J Fish Biol. 2016; 89(1):510–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12991
Marinho MMF, Ohara W, Dagosta FCP. A new species of Moenkhausia (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Madeira basin, Brazil, with comments on the evolution and development of the trunk lateral line system in characids. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2021; 19(2): e200118. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0118
Marinho MMF. Comparative development in Moenkhausia pittieri and Paracheirodon innesi (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with comments on heterochrony and miniaturization in the Characidae. J Fish Biol. 2017; 91(3):851–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13384
Mattox GMT, Souza CS, Toledo-Piza M, Britz R, Oliveira C. A new miniature species of Priocharax (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Madeira drainage, Brazil, with comments on the adipose fin in characiformes. Vertebr Zool. 2020; 70(3):417–33. https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ70-3-2020-11
Menezes NA, Weitzman SH, Teixeira TF. Redescription of Hysteronotus megalostomus (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a poorly known characid from tributaries of the Rio São Fancisco, Brazil with comments on the conservation of the species. J Fish Biol. 2016; 89(1):495–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13000
Mirande JM. Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) from characters to taxonomy. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2010; 8(3):385–568. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010000300001
Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei, Characiformes). Cladistics. 2019; 35(3):282–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12345
Pastana MNL, Dagosta FCP, Esguícero ALH. A new sexually dichromatic miniature Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Formiga, upper Rio Juruena basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with a review of sexual dichromatism in Characiformes. J Fish Biol. 2017; 91(5):1301–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13449
Reis RE, Albert JS, Di Dario F, Mincarone MM, Petry P, Rocha LA. Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. J Fish Biol. 2016, 89(1):12–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13016
Sabaj MH. Codes for Natural History Collections in Ichthyology and Herpetology. Copeia. 2020; 108(3):593–669. https://doi.org/10.1643/ASIHCODONS2020
Stewart TA, Smith WL, Coates MI. The origins of adipose fins: an analysis of homoplasy and the serial homology of vertebrate appendages. P R Soc B. 2014; 281(1781):20133120. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3120
Stewart TA, Bonilla MM, Ho RK, Hale ME. Adipose fin development and its relation to the evolutionary origins of median fins. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37040-5
Taylor WR, Van Dyke GC. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium. 1985; 9(2):107–19.
Weitzman SH, Palmer L. A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Neblina region of Venezuela and Brazil, with comments on the putative ‘rosy tetra clade’. Ichthyol Explor Fres. 1997; 7(3):209–42.
Weitzman SH, Malabarba LR. Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from Eastern Brazil. Ichthyol Explor Fres. 1999; 10(1):1–43.
Weitzman SH, Fink WL. Relationships of the neon tetras, a group of South American freshwater fishes (Teleostei, Characidae), with comments on the phylogeny of New World Characiforms. Bull Mus Comp Zool. 1983; 150(6):339–95.
Authors
Fernando Cesar Paiva Dagosta1 , Thomaz Jefrey Seren1, Anderson Ferreira1 and Manoela Maria Ferreira Marinho2
[1] Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804–970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. (FCPD) ferdagosta@gmail.com (corresponding author), (TJS) thomazjefrey@gmail.com, (AF) andersonferreira@ufgd.edu.br.
[2] Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n, Castelo Branco, 58033–455 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. manoela.marinho@gmail.com.
Authors Contribution
Fernando Cesar Paiva Dagosta: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.
Thomaz Jefrey Seren: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.
Anderson Ferreira: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.
Manoela Maria Ferreira Marinho: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.
Ethical Statement
Type series was collected under Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA License number 60634, 2017–2020).
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
==========================
A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Tapajós and Xingu basins, Brazil
Emanuel B. Neuhaus1 , Marcelo R. Britto1, José Luís O. Birindelli2 and Leandro M. Sousa3
PDF: EN XML: EN | Cite this article
Abstract A new Ancistrus species is described from Tapajós and Xingu river basins. It is distinguished from its congeners by the singular body color pattern, consisting of dark vermiculated stripes almost all over the body, and also by combination of features as a narrow head, large internostril distance, and absence of rows of enlarged odontodes on the lateral plates. In addition, the new species is distinguished from congeners that inhabit the rio Tapajós basin by the presence of a fully-developed adipose fin (vs. adipose fin absent in Ancistrus parecis and A. tombador, and vestigial adipose fin or absent in A. krenakarore). It differs from A. ranunculus, also from the rio Xingu, by the color pattern, smaller body size, smaller gill opening, and narrower cleithral width. The new taxon adds a new record to the list of species shared among the Xingu and Tapajós basins.
Keywords: Amazon, Brazilian Shield, Bristlenose pleco, Hypostominae, Taxonomy.
Introduction
The genus Ancistrus Kner, 1854 includes 75 valid species (Fricke et al., 2021) distributed in South and Central Americas from Panama to Argentina, occurring in cis- and trans-Andean rivers. Among Loricariidae, the diversity of Ancistrus is only smaller than that of Hypostomus Lacepède, 1803. Ancistrus is easily distinguished from other loricariids by having naked snout margins (i.e., without plated snout, Figs. 1, 2) bearing fleshy expansions (tentacles). The genus Chaetostoma Tschudi, 1846 also has unplated snout, but differs from Ancistrus by the absence of fleshy tentacles and by having five plate rows at the narrowest part of the caudal peduncle (vs. three plate rows in Ancistrus). As for other highly diverse genera of Neotropical fish, the diversity of Ancistrus remains underestimated. In addition, more than half of valid species were described before 1950 in poorly-informative descriptions that leave doubt of the species delimitations. Consequently, there are a large number of possibly undescribed species, several of them highly appreciated in the ornamental fish trade. To overcome the taxonomic issues, aquarium fish hobbyists apply an alphanumeric code (the L-number system) to provisionally name the putative new species and morphotypes that appear in the hobby (Stawikowski, 1988).
Recent ichthyological surveys in the Brazilian Shield Amazon rivers captured several specimens of Ancistrus with a distinctive color pattern in the Tapajós and Xingu river basins. The specimens from the Xingu drainage are already known by aquarists by the code L159 (Stawikowski, 1994; Dignall, 2014). The present contribution aims to describe the new species, illustrating and diagnosing it, with comparisons to congeners.
Material and methods
Measurements were obtained with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements and counts were made only in the left side of the body, except when not possible, excluding the infraorbitals that were counted in both sides. Most morphometric data were taken following Fisch-Muller et al. (2001), and Armbruster (2003), in addition to nares-eye distance taken from posterior border of left naris to anterior border of left eye. Morphometrics are reported as percentages of standard length (SL), except for subunits of head which are reported as percentages of head length (HL). Plate terminology follows Schaefer (1997) and osteological nomenclature is according to Schaefer (1987), except for prefrontal plate used to name the plate which forms the posterolateral nostril margin and anterodorsal orbit margin (Schaefer, 1997), and compound pterotic used instead of pterotic-supracleithrum (Aquino, Schaefer, 2002). Terminology for snout areas of tentacles follows Sabaj et al. (1999). Some specimens were cleared and stained (cs) according to the protocol of Taylor, Van Dyke (1985). Meristic data follows Armbruster (2003) with addition of: complete series of mid-dorsal and mid-ventral plates; plates along dorsal-fin base: dorsal plates between dorsal-fin spine and the insertion of the last dorsal-fin branched ray; plates between end of the dorsal fin and adipose-fin origin: dorsal plates posterior to the insertion of the last dorsal-fin branched ray and adipose-spine origin; plates between adipose and caudal fins: dorsal plates between end of adipose-fin membrane and caudal fin; preanal plates: ventral plates before unbranched ray of anal fin; ventral plates between anal-fin base and caudal fin; vertebral count including those of the Weberian-complex and the counting the PU1+U2 as a single element; number of ribs; number of left and right infraorbitals; number of pterygiophores of the dorsal fin.
In the description, numbers between brackets represent the total number of specimens with those counts, whereas asterisks indicate counts of the holotype. Comparative data of Ancistrus caucanus Fowler, 1943, A. dolichopterus Kner, 1854, A. dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, A. eustictus (Fowler, 1945), A. hoplogenys (Günther, 1864), A. latifrons (Günther, 1869), and A. malacops (Cope, 1872) were obtained through their original descriptions and photographs of type-specimens available from Morris et al. (2006). Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj (2020). Due to the wide distribution of the new species and consequent variation of diagnostic features, we restricted the type-series to specimens from the Teles Pires basin. Therefore, the non-type series embraces non-measured specimens, specimens in no good condition for reliable identification, live specimens and specimens from the Xingu basin.
Results
Ancistrus luzia, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:31D5520F-B248-4226-8413-896A0535A341
(Figs. 1–3; Tab. 1)
Ancistrus L 159. ―Stawikowski, 1994:145 [DATZ magazine, new imports from Brazil, figs. 6 and 7].
Ancistrus sp. “lineolatus”. ―Ohara et al., 2017:259 [identification guidebook from Teles Pires].
Holotype. MNRJ 51458, male, 75.9 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, rio Teles Pires basin, unknown stream next to bridge on road about 8 km from the road BR-163, 09°47’15”S 54°57’33”W, 1 Oct 2008, M. R. Britto, J. Gomes, F. R. Carvalho & L. Fries.
==========================
Emanuel B. Neuhaus1 , Marcelo R. Britto1, José Luís O. Birindelli2 and Leandro M. Sousa3
PDF: EN XML: EN | Cite this article
Abstract A new Ancistrus species is described from Tapajós and Xingu river basins. It is distinguished from its congeners by the singular body color pattern, consisting of dark vermiculated stripes almost all over the body, and also by combination of features as a narrow head, large internostril distance, and absence of rows of enlarged odontodes on the lateral plates. In addition, the new species is distinguished from congeners that inhabit the rio Tapajós basin by the presence of a fully-developed adipose fin (vs. adipose fin absent in Ancistrus parecis and A. tombador, and vestigial adipose fin or absent in A. krenakarore). It differs from A. ranunculus, also from the rio Xingu, by the color pattern, smaller body size, smaller gill opening, and narrower cleithral width. The new taxon adds a new record to the list of species shared among the Xingu and Tapajós basins.
Keywords: Amazon, Brazilian Shield, Bristlenose pleco, Hypostominae, Taxonomy.
Introduction
The genus Ancistrus Kner, 1854 includes 75 valid species (Fricke et al., 2021) distributed in South and Central Americas from Panama to Argentina, occurring in cis- and trans-Andean rivers. Among Loricariidae, the diversity of Ancistrus is only smaller than that of Hypostomus Lacepède, 1803. Ancistrus is easily distinguished from other loricariids by having naked snout margins (i.e., without plated snout, Figs. 1, 2) bearing fleshy expansions (tentacles). The genus Chaetostoma Tschudi, 1846 also has unplated snout, but differs from Ancistrus by the absence of fleshy tentacles and by having five plate rows at the narrowest part of the caudal peduncle (vs. three plate rows in Ancistrus). As for other highly diverse genera of Neotropical fish, the diversity of Ancistrus remains underestimated. In addition, more than half of valid species were described before 1950 in poorly-informative descriptions that leave doubt of the species delimitations. Consequently, there are a large number of possibly undescribed species, several of them highly appreciated in the ornamental fish trade. To overcome the taxonomic issues, aquarium fish hobbyists apply an alphanumeric code (the L-number system) to provisionally name the putative new species and morphotypes that appear in the hobby (Stawikowski, 1988).
Recent ichthyological surveys in the Brazilian Shield Amazon rivers captured several specimens of Ancistrus with a distinctive color pattern in the Tapajós and Xingu river basins. The specimens from the Xingu drainage are already known by aquarists by the code L159 (Stawikowski, 1994; Dignall, 2014). The present contribution aims to describe the new species, illustrating and diagnosing it, with comparisons to congeners.
Material and methods
Measurements were obtained with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements and counts were made only in the left side of the body, except when not possible, excluding the infraorbitals that were counted in both sides. Most morphometric data were taken following Fisch-Muller et al. (2001), and Armbruster (2003), in addition to nares-eye distance taken from posterior border of left naris to anterior border of left eye. Morphometrics are reported as percentages of standard length (SL), except for subunits of head which are reported as percentages of head length (HL). Plate terminology follows Schaefer (1997) and osteological nomenclature is according to Schaefer (1987), except for prefrontal plate used to name the plate which forms the posterolateral nostril margin and anterodorsal orbit margin (Schaefer, 1997), and compound pterotic used instead of pterotic-supracleithrum (Aquino, Schaefer, 2002). Terminology for snout areas of tentacles follows Sabaj et al. (1999). Some specimens were cleared and stained (cs) according to the protocol of Taylor, Van Dyke (1985). Meristic data follows Armbruster (2003) with addition of: complete series of mid-dorsal and mid-ventral plates; plates along dorsal-fin base: dorsal plates between dorsal-fin spine and the insertion of the last dorsal-fin branched ray; plates between end of the dorsal fin and adipose-fin origin: dorsal plates posterior to the insertion of the last dorsal-fin branched ray and adipose-spine origin; plates between adipose and caudal fins: dorsal plates between end of adipose-fin membrane and caudal fin; preanal plates: ventral plates before unbranched ray of anal fin; ventral plates between anal-fin base and caudal fin; vertebral count including those of the Weberian-complex and the counting the PU1+U2 as a single element; number of ribs; number of left and right infraorbitals; number of pterygiophores of the dorsal fin.
In the description, numbers between brackets represent the total number of specimens with those counts, whereas asterisks indicate counts of the holotype. Comparative data of Ancistrus caucanus Fowler, 1943, A. dolichopterus Kner, 1854, A. dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, A. eustictus (Fowler, 1945), A. hoplogenys (Günther, 1864), A. latifrons (Günther, 1869), and A. malacops (Cope, 1872) were obtained through their original descriptions and photographs of type-specimens available from Morris et al. (2006). Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj (2020). Due to the wide distribution of the new species and consequent variation of diagnostic features, we restricted the type-series to specimens from the Teles Pires basin. Therefore, the non-type series embraces non-measured specimens, specimens in no good condition for reliable identification, live specimens and specimens from the Xingu basin.
Results
Ancistrus luzia, new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:31D5520F-B248-4226-8413-896A0535A341
(Figs. 1–3; Tab. 1)
Ancistrus L 159. ―Stawikowski, 1994:145 [DATZ magazine, new imports from Brazil, figs. 6 and 7].
Ancistrus sp. “lineolatus”. ―Ohara et al., 2017:259 [identification guidebook from Teles Pires].
Holotype. MNRJ 51458, male, 75.9 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, rio Teles Pires basin, unknown stream next to bridge on road about 8 km from the road BR-163, 09°47’15”S 54°57’33”W, 1 Oct 2008, M. R. Britto, J. Gomes, F. R. Carvalho & L. Fries.
==========================
New Animal House set to Redefine Research and Education
Flinders University’s new animal house in the College of Science and Engineering set to redefine research and education for an astounding array of animals.
The state-of-the-art facility is the most diverse for biodiversity, conservation and research hub in the state. The unique design allows the space to be flexible and adaptable for a range of applications opening up opportunities for study and research alike.
Animal Facilities Coordinator Leslie Morrison was a big part of the planning of the new building and seeing it come to life has given immense satisfaction. “You feel it when you walk in the space. Positive. With the focus of the research, you know you’re doing good. You’re helping the animals.“
Beyond the benefits to the animals and to researchers, it also offers plenty to students. “For the students it’s going to be amazing. It’s somewhere they can come to work with a huge range of animals for biodiversity and conservation and really help make a difference.”
The aqua rooms will house rainbowfish and clownfish, amongst others, while the terrestrial room will host a number of reptiles from sleepy lizards, tawny dragons, pygmy bluetongues, gidgee skinks.
The facility will also play a pivotal role in research and husbandry of birds of prey, platypus and Port Jackson sharks.
Professor of Biology and Ecology, Mike Gardner, whose research centres on reptiles, already sees the benefits. “This new facility is proving to be essential for my research. It offers us the ability to control the environment in the rooms, so we can change the humidity and temperature to suit different scenarios we might be trying to play out. We also have the potential to control disease, we’re bringing in wild animals and this new facility allows us to keep them quarantined.”
Professor of Biodiversity Genomics, Luciano Beheregaray, who is conducting research on rainbowfish in the new building, is also glowing of the many upsides the site offers. “It’s very exciting to have this brand new facility because not only can we manage our research in ways we couldn’t do before – we have sophisticated equipment, great setup – but we can bring our students and show them exactly how the research is done. That produces a phenomenal opportunity for us to link the great research we do at Flinders with our teaching and improve the learning outcomes of our undergrads.
It’s no surprise the building is delivering for those already taking advantage of its benefits. Behind the spectacular frontage is well considered and crafted space, designed to maximise outcomes for all involved. It’s something Leslie Morrison and her team are very proud of.
“The room fit outs and environmental controls have been carefully considered and designed to suit our current and predicted animal teaching and research directions, rather than retrofitting existing rooms. We are now able to control temperature, lighting and humidity via an online Building Management System, including alarms to advise if there are any failures of the set parameters; allowing us to fine tune the husbandry requirements for the different types of animals we care for.
“An innovative water reticulation system has been designed to give enormous flexibility in how aquatic systems run – supporting a variety of experimental designs and efficiencies in husbandry.”
“There’s also a dedicated algae and invertebrate culture room with a Bioreactor shipped all the way from Canada, that can grow algal cultures in days that would otherwise take weeks, specific rooms for storage, laboratory work and insect breeding and an inspiring Education room for student engagement activities – shark dissections, presentations, animal adaptation workshops.”
==========================
Flinders University’s new animal house in the College of Science and Engineering set to redefine research and education for an astounding array of animals.
The state-of-the-art facility is the most diverse for biodiversity, conservation and research hub in the state. The unique design allows the space to be flexible and adaptable for a range of applications opening up opportunities for study and research alike.
Animal Facilities Coordinator Leslie Morrison was a big part of the planning of the new building and seeing it come to life has given immense satisfaction. “You feel it when you walk in the space. Positive. With the focus of the research, you know you’re doing good. You’re helping the animals.“
Beyond the benefits to the animals and to researchers, it also offers plenty to students. “For the students it’s going to be amazing. It’s somewhere they can come to work with a huge range of animals for biodiversity and conservation and really help make a difference.”
The aqua rooms will house rainbowfish and clownfish, amongst others, while the terrestrial room will host a number of reptiles from sleepy lizards, tawny dragons, pygmy bluetongues, gidgee skinks.
The facility will also play a pivotal role in research and husbandry of birds of prey, platypus and Port Jackson sharks.
Professor of Biology and Ecology, Mike Gardner, whose research centres on reptiles, already sees the benefits. “This new facility is proving to be essential for my research. It offers us the ability to control the environment in the rooms, so we can change the humidity and temperature to suit different scenarios we might be trying to play out. We also have the potential to control disease, we’re bringing in wild animals and this new facility allows us to keep them quarantined.”
Professor of Biodiversity Genomics, Luciano Beheregaray, who is conducting research on rainbowfish in the new building, is also glowing of the many upsides the site offers. “It’s very exciting to have this brand new facility because not only can we manage our research in ways we couldn’t do before – we have sophisticated equipment, great setup – but we can bring our students and show them exactly how the research is done. That produces a phenomenal opportunity for us to link the great research we do at Flinders with our teaching and improve the learning outcomes of our undergrads.
It’s no surprise the building is delivering for those already taking advantage of its benefits. Behind the spectacular frontage is well considered and crafted space, designed to maximise outcomes for all involved. It’s something Leslie Morrison and her team are very proud of.
“The room fit outs and environmental controls have been carefully considered and designed to suit our current and predicted animal teaching and research directions, rather than retrofitting existing rooms. We are now able to control temperature, lighting and humidity via an online Building Management System, including alarms to advise if there are any failures of the set parameters; allowing us to fine tune the husbandry requirements for the different types of animals we care for.
“An innovative water reticulation system has been designed to give enormous flexibility in how aquatic systems run – supporting a variety of experimental designs and efficiencies in husbandry.”
“There’s also a dedicated algae and invertebrate culture room with a Bioreactor shipped all the way from Canada, that can grow algal cultures in days that would otherwise take weeks, specific rooms for storage, laboratory work and insect breeding and an inspiring Education room for student engagement activities – shark dissections, presentations, animal adaptation workshops.”
==========================
Natural heritage under threat of extinction saved by hobbyists
By Rosli Zakaria - March 22, 2022 @ 2:54pm
Betta Persephone is listed in the IUCN red list. - NSTP/ courtesy of Dr Zahar Azuar ZakariaMUAR: Six friends could have easily earned more than RM30,000 each, but their love of nature saw them forgo monetary profit and return their homebred endangered Betta Persephone specimens to the wild.
Betta Persephone is listed under the IUCN red list and is endemic to a small pocket of peat swamp in east Johor.
Under the tutelage of citizen scientist Mohd Ilham Norhakim Lokman, the six friends managed to save a few specimens in its natural habitat, which is an oil palm plantation.
The friends come from different backgrounds – a practising doctor, an engineer, a fishmonger, a matriculation student and an aquarium fish trader.
"It was a trial with no high hopes on the fish surviving outside its habitat. The water perimeter needs to be precise at ph3.6," Ilham Norhakim told the New Straits Times.
"We need to save this critically endangered species which can only be found in one location in the world and it is in Johor. Sadly, its habitat is now gone.
"It took us a while to get the right ex-situ environment in aquariums and we used polystyrene boxes placed under shady rambutan trees to breed the wild specimens," he said.
The project started in 2020 with 16 adult pairs scooped from its threatened natural habitat.
"The swamp would have been bulldozed and prepared for oil palm plantation had we come a couple of weeks later.
"It would have been a disaster for the Betta Persephone because it would become extinct with only pictures to view in journals," he added.
Ilham Norhakim said its rarity would push its prices high in the international aquarium fish trade and those with captive pairs could easily sell the fish to the highest bidder.
The fish is currently traded at RM200 per pair and he predicts the price will be much higher as it can no longer be found in its natural habitat.
Ilham Norhakim said the team's project had the support of the Johor Forestry Department, state Fisheries Department with primatologist Dr Abdul Latif Abu Bakar of University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia advising and the Muar District Office.
Abdul Latiff is an expert on biodiversity and conservation and has been working on genetics conservation of various fauna in Malaysia.
He is now investigating the genetic diversity and molecular systematics of the endangered Betta Persephone.
"The outcome from this study will be able to explain the unique evolutionary significance that can be found in Betta Persephone populations which will be used to aid management strategies for the species," he said.
Dr Zahar Azuar Zakaria, a doctor from Kemaman, said Malaysians should help protect all flora and fauna listed as endangered under the IUCN.
"Appreciation for our wildlife heritage must be taught in schools and this can be done by organising field trips and inviting experts to talk on the fragility of the environment," he said.
ar Azuar ZakariaBetta Persephone, he said, is like a rare jewel in the Malaysian heritage but because it is not commonly found in the fish trade, people tend to ignore its significance."Our team had the support from the Johor Forestry Department which identified a new protected environment for the home-bred Betta Persephone at the Johor State Park within the Air Hitam (North) Forest Reserve," he said.
Max Lau Wei Khang, an engineer from Penang, said flora and fauna are fighting a losing battle against development.
"Losing our heritage means we lose our identity. Betta Persephone is just one example because it is only found in Johor and as such, it is identifiable as a product of the State.
"It deserves to be elevated as a state fauna," he said.
The juvenile Betta Persephone was released recently by the team at its new habitat in a black water swamp in the Air Hitam (North) Forest Reserve.
found in the New Straits Times
==========================
By Rosli Zakaria - March 22, 2022 @ 2:54pm
Betta Persephone is listed in the IUCN red list. - NSTP/ courtesy of Dr Zahar Azuar ZakariaMUAR: Six friends could have easily earned more than RM30,000 each, but their love of nature saw them forgo monetary profit and return their homebred endangered Betta Persephone specimens to the wild.
Betta Persephone is listed under the IUCN red list and is endemic to a small pocket of peat swamp in east Johor.
Under the tutelage of citizen scientist Mohd Ilham Norhakim Lokman, the six friends managed to save a few specimens in its natural habitat, which is an oil palm plantation.
The friends come from different backgrounds – a practising doctor, an engineer, a fishmonger, a matriculation student and an aquarium fish trader.
"It was a trial with no high hopes on the fish surviving outside its habitat. The water perimeter needs to be precise at ph3.6," Ilham Norhakim told the New Straits Times.
"We need to save this critically endangered species which can only be found in one location in the world and it is in Johor. Sadly, its habitat is now gone.
"It took us a while to get the right ex-situ environment in aquariums and we used polystyrene boxes placed under shady rambutan trees to breed the wild specimens," he said.
The project started in 2020 with 16 adult pairs scooped from its threatened natural habitat.
"The swamp would have been bulldozed and prepared for oil palm plantation had we come a couple of weeks later.
"It would have been a disaster for the Betta Persephone because it would become extinct with only pictures to view in journals," he added.
Ilham Norhakim said its rarity would push its prices high in the international aquarium fish trade and those with captive pairs could easily sell the fish to the highest bidder.
The fish is currently traded at RM200 per pair and he predicts the price will be much higher as it can no longer be found in its natural habitat.
Ilham Norhakim said the team's project had the support of the Johor Forestry Department, state Fisheries Department with primatologist Dr Abdul Latif Abu Bakar of University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia advising and the Muar District Office.
Abdul Latiff is an expert on biodiversity and conservation and has been working on genetics conservation of various fauna in Malaysia.
He is now investigating the genetic diversity and molecular systematics of the endangered Betta Persephone.
"The outcome from this study will be able to explain the unique evolutionary significance that can be found in Betta Persephone populations which will be used to aid management strategies for the species," he said.
Dr Zahar Azuar Zakaria, a doctor from Kemaman, said Malaysians should help protect all flora and fauna listed as endangered under the IUCN.
"Appreciation for our wildlife heritage must be taught in schools and this can be done by organising field trips and inviting experts to talk on the fragility of the environment," he said.
ar Azuar ZakariaBetta Persephone, he said, is like a rare jewel in the Malaysian heritage but because it is not commonly found in the fish trade, people tend to ignore its significance."Our team had the support from the Johor Forestry Department which identified a new protected environment for the home-bred Betta Persephone at the Johor State Park within the Air Hitam (North) Forest Reserve," he said.
Max Lau Wei Khang, an engineer from Penang, said flora and fauna are fighting a losing battle against development.
"Losing our heritage means we lose our identity. Betta Persephone is just one example because it is only found in Johor and as such, it is identifiable as a product of the State.
"It deserves to be elevated as a state fauna," he said.
The juvenile Betta Persephone was released recently by the team at its new habitat in a black water swamp in the Air Hitam (North) Forest Reserve.
found in the New Straits Times
==========================
Secretive fish diversity: a new species of Listrura (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from a supposedly well-known river in South-eastern Brazil.
Villa-Verde,M. C. C. de Pinna,V. J. C. Reis,O. T. Oyakawa
First published: 18 March 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15046This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15046.
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SHAREAbstractThe trichomycterid catfish Listrura menezesi, new species, is described from a flooded area adjacent to Rio das Panelas, Rio São João basin, Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. It represents a most valuable remnant of Atlantic Forest biome that still resists devastation of Brazilian coastlands. Listrura menezesi can be distinguished from its congeners, except L. boticario and L. depinnai, by the absence of dorsal fin. It mainly differs from L. boticario and L. depinnai by a continuous midlateral dark stripe along the entire body (vs. discontinuous) and a longitudinal row of irregular dots along the dorsal limit of abdomen extending for nearly the entire body (vs. only on posterior half of body in L. boticario and pigmentation on anterior half of body not forming a distinct row in L. depinnai). Although the new species shares with L. boticario and L. depinnai the absence of dorsal fin, recent phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship between L. menezesi and L. macaensis, the latter having a dorsal fin. A putative apomorphic condition for this clade is presented: the abrupt widening on the mesethmoid axis starting posteriorly on horizontal through middle region of the autopalatine (vs. anteriorly, on horizontal through anterior region of the autopalatine). Listrura menezesi comes as an addition to the ichthyofauna of the Rio São João drainage, a region extensively sampled for the past 20 years and supposedly well-known. This paper also highlighting the vulnerability of this species and the possibility of its disappearance in the near future.
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Villa-Verde,M. C. C. de Pinna,V. J. C. Reis,O. T. Oyakawa
First published: 18 March 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15046This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.15046.
TOOLS
SHAREAbstractThe trichomycterid catfish Listrura menezesi, new species, is described from a flooded area adjacent to Rio das Panelas, Rio São João basin, Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. It represents a most valuable remnant of Atlantic Forest biome that still resists devastation of Brazilian coastlands. Listrura menezesi can be distinguished from its congeners, except L. boticario and L. depinnai, by the absence of dorsal fin. It mainly differs from L. boticario and L. depinnai by a continuous midlateral dark stripe along the entire body (vs. discontinuous) and a longitudinal row of irregular dots along the dorsal limit of abdomen extending for nearly the entire body (vs. only on posterior half of body in L. boticario and pigmentation on anterior half of body not forming a distinct row in L. depinnai). Although the new species shares with L. boticario and L. depinnai the absence of dorsal fin, recent phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship between L. menezesi and L. macaensis, the latter having a dorsal fin. A putative apomorphic condition for this clade is presented: the abrupt widening on the mesethmoid axis starting posteriorly on horizontal through middle region of the autopalatine (vs. anteriorly, on horizontal through anterior region of the autopalatine). Listrura menezesi comes as an addition to the ichthyofauna of the Rio São João drainage, a region extensively sampled for the past 20 years and supposedly well-known. This paper also highlighting the vulnerability of this species and the possibility of its disappearance in the near future.
==========================
A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Doce basin, Brazil
Leonardo Oliveira-Silva1 , Sérgio A. dos Santos2, Maridiesse Morais Lopes3 and Angela Maria Zanata1
PDF: EN XML: EN | Cite this article
Abstract A new species of Characidium is described from the tributaries of the upper and middle rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from most congeners, except C. cricarense, C. hasemani, C. helmeri, C. kalunga, C. pterostictum, C. schubarti, C. summus, and C. travassosi by lacking scales in the area between the anterior limit of the isthmus and the anterior margin of cleithrum. The new species differs from the aforementioned species by a series of characters, including the presence of the adipose fin, 2–4 scales between the anus and anal fin, two rows of dentary teeth, presence of the parietal branch of the supraorbital canal, 4 scale rows above the lateral line, and absence of two conspicuous inclined dark bands on each caudal-fin lobe. The new species further differs from most congeners with an unscaled ventral surface of the isthmus by the presence of 33–34 pored scales on the lateral line and by the dark dashes on the caudal fin-rays not forming well-defined bands.
Keywords: Characidiinae, Endemism, Environmental alteration, Isthmus scaleless, Taxonomy.
Introduction
The rio Doce is a southeastern Brazilian river basin that runs through two biodiverse hotspots, the Atlantic Forest and the Brazilian Savanna (Myers et al., 2000). The surrounding areas of the river, as well as the basin itself, have suffered tremendous environmental destruction, such as riparian deforestation, mining disasters, dam building, loss of native fish species, and the introduction of at least 29 nonnative fish species (Vieira, 2010; Salvador et al., 2018). More dramatically, a tailings dam in this basin burst severely recently, spreading toxic mud along the main river course and affecting wild communities as well as local human populations (Fernandes et al., 2016; Neves et al., 2016). The historical environmental alteration impacting the rio Doce basin has been intensely discussed for decades (e.g., Vieira, 2010; Pinto-Coelho et al., 2008; Latini, Petrere 2004; Fragoso-Moura et al., 2016; Sales et al., 2018; Vergilio et al., 2021), and the effects of the tailings dam disaster on the fish community have been assessed recently (e.g., Gomes et al., 2019; Ferreira et al., 2020; Macêdo et al., 2020; Weber et al., 2020; Vergilio et al., 2021). At least 11 species of fishes occurring in the basin are categorized as endangered, four of them endemic (ICMBio, 2018).
In contrast to the well documented environmental alterations of the rio Doce, part of the basin’s biodiversity remains unknown (Sales et al., 2018). In the last two decades, 14 new species of fishes from the basin have been described, attesting broad advance in the knowledge of its fish fauna and resulting in more than 80 native species in the basin (Vieira, 2010; Salvador et al., 2018; Fricke et al., 2021). Recently, Sales et al. (2018) used genetic divergences to highlight the occurrence of hidden biodiversity within five genera of fish from the basin, along with cryptic and/or candidate species at least in four genera. Both cases implied the genus Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 as including unrecognized species.
Characidium includes 83 species of South American darters, distributed from eastern Panama to Argentina (Melo et al.,2021a; Fricke et al., 2021). The literature indicates that only the species C. cricarense Malanski, Sarmento-Soares, Silva-Malanski, Lopes, Ingenito & Buckup, 2019 has been confidently identified from the rio Doce. However, studies listing species in the basin include several candidate species in the genus: identified as C. cf. timbuiense, Characidium sp., Characidium sp. A, Characidium sp. B and Characidium sp. C (e.g., Alves et al.,2008; Vieira, 2010; Sales et al., 2018; Santos, Britto, 2021). This contribution describes formally one of these new Characidium, cited as Characidium sp. by Sales et al. (2018) and as Characidium sp. B by Santos, Britto (2021). This new taxon is apparently endemic to headwaters of tributaries in the upper and middle rio Doce basin.
==========================
Leonardo Oliveira-Silva1 , Sérgio A. dos Santos2, Maridiesse Morais Lopes3 and Angela Maria Zanata1
PDF: EN XML: EN | Cite this article
Abstract A new species of Characidium is described from the tributaries of the upper and middle rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from most congeners, except C. cricarense, C. hasemani, C. helmeri, C. kalunga, C. pterostictum, C. schubarti, C. summus, and C. travassosi by lacking scales in the area between the anterior limit of the isthmus and the anterior margin of cleithrum. The new species differs from the aforementioned species by a series of characters, including the presence of the adipose fin, 2–4 scales between the anus and anal fin, two rows of dentary teeth, presence of the parietal branch of the supraorbital canal, 4 scale rows above the lateral line, and absence of two conspicuous inclined dark bands on each caudal-fin lobe. The new species further differs from most congeners with an unscaled ventral surface of the isthmus by the presence of 33–34 pored scales on the lateral line and by the dark dashes on the caudal fin-rays not forming well-defined bands.
Keywords: Characidiinae, Endemism, Environmental alteration, Isthmus scaleless, Taxonomy.
Introduction
The rio Doce is a southeastern Brazilian river basin that runs through two biodiverse hotspots, the Atlantic Forest and the Brazilian Savanna (Myers et al., 2000). The surrounding areas of the river, as well as the basin itself, have suffered tremendous environmental destruction, such as riparian deforestation, mining disasters, dam building, loss of native fish species, and the introduction of at least 29 nonnative fish species (Vieira, 2010; Salvador et al., 2018). More dramatically, a tailings dam in this basin burst severely recently, spreading toxic mud along the main river course and affecting wild communities as well as local human populations (Fernandes et al., 2016; Neves et al., 2016). The historical environmental alteration impacting the rio Doce basin has been intensely discussed for decades (e.g., Vieira, 2010; Pinto-Coelho et al., 2008; Latini, Petrere 2004; Fragoso-Moura et al., 2016; Sales et al., 2018; Vergilio et al., 2021), and the effects of the tailings dam disaster on the fish community have been assessed recently (e.g., Gomes et al., 2019; Ferreira et al., 2020; Macêdo et al., 2020; Weber et al., 2020; Vergilio et al., 2021). At least 11 species of fishes occurring in the basin are categorized as endangered, four of them endemic (ICMBio, 2018).
In contrast to the well documented environmental alterations of the rio Doce, part of the basin’s biodiversity remains unknown (Sales et al., 2018). In the last two decades, 14 new species of fishes from the basin have been described, attesting broad advance in the knowledge of its fish fauna and resulting in more than 80 native species in the basin (Vieira, 2010; Salvador et al., 2018; Fricke et al., 2021). Recently, Sales et al. (2018) used genetic divergences to highlight the occurrence of hidden biodiversity within five genera of fish from the basin, along with cryptic and/or candidate species at least in four genera. Both cases implied the genus Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 as including unrecognized species.
Characidium includes 83 species of South American darters, distributed from eastern Panama to Argentina (Melo et al.,2021a; Fricke et al., 2021). The literature indicates that only the species C. cricarense Malanski, Sarmento-Soares, Silva-Malanski, Lopes, Ingenito & Buckup, 2019 has been confidently identified from the rio Doce. However, studies listing species in the basin include several candidate species in the genus: identified as C. cf. timbuiense, Characidium sp., Characidium sp. A, Characidium sp. B and Characidium sp. C (e.g., Alves et al.,2008; Vieira, 2010; Sales et al., 2018; Santos, Britto, 2021). This contribution describes formally one of these new Characidium, cited as Characidium sp. by Sales et al. (2018) and as Characidium sp. B by Santos, Britto (2021). This new taxon is apparently endemic to headwaters of tributaries in the upper and middle rio Doce basin.
==========================
Phylogenetics of archerfishes (Toxotidae) and evolution of the toxotid shooting apparatus
M G Girard, M P Davis, H H Tan, D J Wedd, P Chakrabarty, W B Ludt, A P Summers, W L Smith
Integrative Organismal Biology, obac013, https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac013
Published:
21 March 2022 AbstractArcherfishes (Toxotidae) are variously found in the fresh- and brackish-water environments of Asia Pacific and are well known for their ability to shoot water at terrestrial prey. These shots of water are intended to strike their prey and cause it to fall into the water for capture and consumption. While this behavior is well known, there are competing hypotheses (blowpipe vs. pressure tank hypothesis) of how archerfishes shoot and which oral structures are involved. Current understanding of archerfish shooting structures is largely based on two species, Toxotes chatareus and T. jaculatrix. We do not know if all archerfishes possess the same oral structures to shoot water, if anatomical variation is present within these oral structures, or how these features have evolved. Additionally, there is little information on the evolution of the Toxotidae as a whole, with all previous systematic works focusing on the interrelationships of the family. We first investigate the limits of archerfish species using new and previously published genetic data. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomy of archerfishes does not conform to the relationships we recover. Toxotes mekongensis and T. siamensis are placed in synonymy of T. chatareus, Toxotes carpentariensis is recognized as a species and removed from synonymy of T. chatareus, and the genus Protoxotes is recognized for T. lorentzi based on the results of our analyses. We then take an integrative approach, using a combined analysis of discrete hard- and soft-tissue morphological characters with genetic data, to construct a phylogeny of the Toxotidae. Using the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis, we then characterize the evolutionary history and anatomical variation within the archerfishes. We discuss the variation in the oral structures and the evolution of the mechanism with respect to the interrelationships of archerfishes, and find that the oral structures of archerfishes support the blowpipe hypothesis but soft-tissue oral structures may also play a role in shooting. Finally, by comparing the morphology of archerfishes to their sister group, we find that the Leptobramidae has relevant shooting features in the oral cavity, suggesting that some components of the archerfish shooting mechanism are examples of co-opted or exapted traits.
==========================
M G Girard, M P Davis, H H Tan, D J Wedd, P Chakrabarty, W B Ludt, A P Summers, W L Smith
Integrative Organismal Biology, obac013, https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac013
Published:
21 March 2022 AbstractArcherfishes (Toxotidae) are variously found in the fresh- and brackish-water environments of Asia Pacific and are well known for their ability to shoot water at terrestrial prey. These shots of water are intended to strike their prey and cause it to fall into the water for capture and consumption. While this behavior is well known, there are competing hypotheses (blowpipe vs. pressure tank hypothesis) of how archerfishes shoot and which oral structures are involved. Current understanding of archerfish shooting structures is largely based on two species, Toxotes chatareus and T. jaculatrix. We do not know if all archerfishes possess the same oral structures to shoot water, if anatomical variation is present within these oral structures, or how these features have evolved. Additionally, there is little information on the evolution of the Toxotidae as a whole, with all previous systematic works focusing on the interrelationships of the family. We first investigate the limits of archerfish species using new and previously published genetic data. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomy of archerfishes does not conform to the relationships we recover. Toxotes mekongensis and T. siamensis are placed in synonymy of T. chatareus, Toxotes carpentariensis is recognized as a species and removed from synonymy of T. chatareus, and the genus Protoxotes is recognized for T. lorentzi based on the results of our analyses. We then take an integrative approach, using a combined analysis of discrete hard- and soft-tissue morphological characters with genetic data, to construct a phylogeny of the Toxotidae. Using the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis, we then characterize the evolutionary history and anatomical variation within the archerfishes. We discuss the variation in the oral structures and the evolution of the mechanism with respect to the interrelationships of archerfishes, and find that the oral structures of archerfishes support the blowpipe hypothesis but soft-tissue oral structures may also play a role in shooting. Finally, by comparing the morphology of archerfishes to their sister group, we find that the Leptobramidae has relevant shooting features in the oral cavity, suggesting that some components of the archerfish shooting mechanism are examples of co-opted or exapted traits.
==========================
Astyanax nobre • A New Small-sized Species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai Basin, Brazil, with Discussion on Its Generic Allocation
Astyanax nobre
Dagosta & Marinho, 2022
ni.bio.br/1982-0224-2021-0127
Abstract
A new species of Astyanax is described from the rio Salobra, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin. The new taxon can be distinguished from its congeners by having a well-defined dark midlateral stripe on body extending from the posterior margin of the opercle to the base of middle caudal-fin rays and a single vertical elongate humeral blotch. Although the new species is described in Astyanax, some specimens present an incomplete or a discontinuous series of perforated scales in the lateral line. Therefore, a discussion on its generic allocation is presented. Comments on different patterns of coloration among dark-striped species of Astyanax are also provided. The discovery of a new species in an underwater tourist point relatively near a large urban center underscores that even fish species daily observed by hundreds of people in limpid waters may lack a formal taxonomic identity. Such finding also highlights how the megadiverse Brazilian freshwater ichthyofauna still needs efforts and investments to identify and describe new taxa.
Keywords: Lateral line, Nobres, Longitudinal stripe, Taxonomy, Tourist destination.
Underwater photographs of wild specimens of Astyanax nobre at its type locality Recanto Ecológico Lagoa Azul, Bom Jardim district, Municipality of Nobres, Mato Grosso State, rio Salobra drainage, rio Paraguai basin:
A. Pair of males; B. Pair of females. Details about differences between sexes can be found in Sexual dimorphism section.
Photo by M. Melo.
Astyanax nobre, new species
Diagnosis. Astyanax nobre can be distinguished from its congeners, except A. joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2017 and A. scintillans Myers, 1928, by the presence of a well-defined, dark midlateral stripe on body extending from opercle to middle caudal-fin rays (vs. longitudinal stripe absent; stripe starting posterior the anterior humeral and never connected to it; stripe starting immediately posterior to the humeral blotch; narrower stripe starting at posterior margin of the opercle, becoming blurred posteriorly and not reaching the caudal fin). The new species can be clearly distinguished from A. scintillans by the presence of a vertical humeral blotch (vs. absence). Astyanax nobre can be distinguished from A. joaovitori by having the dark midlateral stripe ending at the base of the middle caudal-fin rays (vs. reaching the distal tip of the middle caudal-fin rays) and three scale series below the lateral line (vs. five or six). Another remarkable difference between these species is the body size. Astyanax nobre has mature individuals at about 25 mm SL and reaching up to 30 mm SL whereas A. joaovitori reaches a much larger body size, with up to 77 mm SL (see Oliveira et al., 2017). Astyanax nobre fits within the A. scabripinnis species complex sensu Bertaco, Lucena (2006). According to the authors, the group is characterized by species with body deepest and heaviest in area close to middle of pectoral fins, head heavy, snout short and abrupt by tapering, body depth smaller than 41% of SL (mean 30–33% of SL), reduced number of branched anal-fin rays (13–21, usually 17–18, rarely 22 or 23), presence of one or two humeral spots, and a dark, midlateral, body stripe extending to the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays. Except for the midlateral dark stripe that does not reach the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays, all characteristics are found in Astyanax nobre. According to Oliveira et al. (2017), it is impossible to infer about the dark midlateral stripe of A. scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) due to the loss of coloration in the holotype. Astyanax nobre differs from the holotype of A. scabripinnis by having 32–36 lateral line scales (vs. 38).
Type locality of Astyanax nobre, rio Salobra at Lago Azul, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin, ..., Nobres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photo by M. A. Junghans.
Distribution map of Astyanax nobre in the rio Salobra, upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil. Brown star (type locality).
Geographical distribution. Astyanax nobre is so far known only from the rio Salobra, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin (Fig. 5).
Ecological notes. Astyanax nobre was collected in clear water river, with moderate water flow, over bottoms typically composed of rock and sand (Fig. 6). Vegetation includes areas with dense aquatic macrophytes and well preserved riparian forest. The species is one of the most abundant fish species in the locality. Individuals are very used to the human presence; frequently approaching the swimmers to nibble skin from the legs and arms.
Etymology. The specific name nobre refers to the municipality of Nobres (Mato Grosso State, Brazil) where the species occurs. Additionally, “nobre” means noble in Portuguese, in allusion to the beauty of the type locality and of being a noteworthy species of Astyanax. A noun in apposition.
Fernando C. P. Dagosta and Manoela M. F. Marinho. 2022. New Small-sized Species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai Basin, Brazil, with Discussion on Its Generic Allocation. Neotropical Ichthyology. 20(1); e210127. DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0127 ni.bio.br/1982-0224-2021-0127
==========================
Astyanax nobre
Dagosta & Marinho, 2022
ni.bio.br/1982-0224-2021-0127
Abstract
A new species of Astyanax is described from the rio Salobra, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin. The new taxon can be distinguished from its congeners by having a well-defined dark midlateral stripe on body extending from the posterior margin of the opercle to the base of middle caudal-fin rays and a single vertical elongate humeral blotch. Although the new species is described in Astyanax, some specimens present an incomplete or a discontinuous series of perforated scales in the lateral line. Therefore, a discussion on its generic allocation is presented. Comments on different patterns of coloration among dark-striped species of Astyanax are also provided. The discovery of a new species in an underwater tourist point relatively near a large urban center underscores that even fish species daily observed by hundreds of people in limpid waters may lack a formal taxonomic identity. Such finding also highlights how the megadiverse Brazilian freshwater ichthyofauna still needs efforts and investments to identify and describe new taxa.
Keywords: Lateral line, Nobres, Longitudinal stripe, Taxonomy, Tourist destination.
Underwater photographs of wild specimens of Astyanax nobre at its type locality Recanto Ecológico Lagoa Azul, Bom Jardim district, Municipality of Nobres, Mato Grosso State, rio Salobra drainage, rio Paraguai basin:
A. Pair of males; B. Pair of females. Details about differences between sexes can be found in Sexual dimorphism section.
Photo by M. Melo.
Astyanax nobre, new species
Diagnosis. Astyanax nobre can be distinguished from its congeners, except A. joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2017 and A. scintillans Myers, 1928, by the presence of a well-defined, dark midlateral stripe on body extending from opercle to middle caudal-fin rays (vs. longitudinal stripe absent; stripe starting posterior the anterior humeral and never connected to it; stripe starting immediately posterior to the humeral blotch; narrower stripe starting at posterior margin of the opercle, becoming blurred posteriorly and not reaching the caudal fin). The new species can be clearly distinguished from A. scintillans by the presence of a vertical humeral blotch (vs. absence). Astyanax nobre can be distinguished from A. joaovitori by having the dark midlateral stripe ending at the base of the middle caudal-fin rays (vs. reaching the distal tip of the middle caudal-fin rays) and three scale series below the lateral line (vs. five or six). Another remarkable difference between these species is the body size. Astyanax nobre has mature individuals at about 25 mm SL and reaching up to 30 mm SL whereas A. joaovitori reaches a much larger body size, with up to 77 mm SL (see Oliveira et al., 2017). Astyanax nobre fits within the A. scabripinnis species complex sensu Bertaco, Lucena (2006). According to the authors, the group is characterized by species with body deepest and heaviest in area close to middle of pectoral fins, head heavy, snout short and abrupt by tapering, body depth smaller than 41% of SL (mean 30–33% of SL), reduced number of branched anal-fin rays (13–21, usually 17–18, rarely 22 or 23), presence of one or two humeral spots, and a dark, midlateral, body stripe extending to the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays. Except for the midlateral dark stripe that does not reach the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays, all characteristics are found in Astyanax nobre. According to Oliveira et al. (2017), it is impossible to infer about the dark midlateral stripe of A. scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) due to the loss of coloration in the holotype. Astyanax nobre differs from the holotype of A. scabripinnis by having 32–36 lateral line scales (vs. 38).
Type locality of Astyanax nobre, rio Salobra at Lago Azul, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin, ..., Nobres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photo by M. A. Junghans.
Distribution map of Astyanax nobre in the rio Salobra, upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil. Brown star (type locality).
Geographical distribution. Astyanax nobre is so far known only from the rio Salobra, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin (Fig. 5).
Ecological notes. Astyanax nobre was collected in clear water river, with moderate water flow, over bottoms typically composed of rock and sand (Fig. 6). Vegetation includes areas with dense aquatic macrophytes and well preserved riparian forest. The species is one of the most abundant fish species in the locality. Individuals are very used to the human presence; frequently approaching the swimmers to nibble skin from the legs and arms.
Etymology. The specific name nobre refers to the municipality of Nobres (Mato Grosso State, Brazil) where the species occurs. Additionally, “nobre” means noble in Portuguese, in allusion to the beauty of the type locality and of being a noteworthy species of Astyanax. A noun in apposition.
Fernando C. P. Dagosta and Manoela M. F. Marinho. 2022. New Small-sized Species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai Basin, Brazil, with Discussion on Its Generic Allocation. Neotropical Ichthyology. 20(1); e210127. DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0127 ni.bio.br/1982-0224-2021-0127
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Tembeassu titanicus • Systematics of Neotropical Electric Knifefish Tembeassu (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae)
Tembeassu titanicus
Peixoto, Campos-da-Paz, Menezes, De Santana, Triques & Datovo, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2032460
twitter.com/Davidefishes
Abstract
A new species of the poorly known and critically endangered ghost knifefish Tembeassu is described from the upper Paraná and Araguari rivers, Brazil, using external anatomy and X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT scan). Tembeassu titanicus sp. nov. is distinguished from its sole congener, T. marauna, by a unique set of morphometric and meristic characters, in addition to the absence of a tooth patch at the anterior portion of the roof of the oral cavity and the external corner of the mouth slightly passing the vertical through the posterior margin of the posterior nare. To test the monophyly of Tembeassu and reassess its phylogenetic position, a total-evidence approach was performed through a Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-parsimony analysis (MP). Our results indicate that Tembeassu is monophyletic and the sister taxon of a clade formed by Apteronotus s.s., Megadontognathus, and Parapteronotus (BI); or as part of a large polytomy at the base of Apteronotidae (MP). Species of Tembeassu co-occur in the Paraná River basin, and the absence of the patch of accessory teeth in T. titanicus sp. nov. may indicate that this species accesses a different food resource, and also putatively occupies a different habitat than T. marauna. Comments on the evolution of the mandibular lobe in Gymnotiformes, dentition pattern in Tembeassu, and apteronotid diversity in the Paraná River are provided.
Keywords: Anatomy, Bayesian inference, new species, phylogeny, sympatry, taxonomy
Tembeassu titanicus sp. nov.
Luiz A. W. Peixoto, Ricardo Campos-da-Paz, Naércio A. Menezes, C. David De Santana, Mauro Triques and Aléssio Datovo. 2022. Systematics of Neotropical Electric Knifefish Tembeassu (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae). Systematics and Biodiversity. 20(1); 1-19. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2032460
twitter.com/Davidefishes/status/1504430715244617729
==========================
Tembeassu titanicus
Peixoto, Campos-da-Paz, Menezes, De Santana, Triques & Datovo, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2032460
twitter.com/Davidefishes
Abstract
A new species of the poorly known and critically endangered ghost knifefish Tembeassu is described from the upper Paraná and Araguari rivers, Brazil, using external anatomy and X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT scan). Tembeassu titanicus sp. nov. is distinguished from its sole congener, T. marauna, by a unique set of morphometric and meristic characters, in addition to the absence of a tooth patch at the anterior portion of the roof of the oral cavity and the external corner of the mouth slightly passing the vertical through the posterior margin of the posterior nare. To test the monophyly of Tembeassu and reassess its phylogenetic position, a total-evidence approach was performed through a Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-parsimony analysis (MP). Our results indicate that Tembeassu is monophyletic and the sister taxon of a clade formed by Apteronotus s.s., Megadontognathus, and Parapteronotus (BI); or as part of a large polytomy at the base of Apteronotidae (MP). Species of Tembeassu co-occur in the Paraná River basin, and the absence of the patch of accessory teeth in T. titanicus sp. nov. may indicate that this species accesses a different food resource, and also putatively occupies a different habitat than T. marauna. Comments on the evolution of the mandibular lobe in Gymnotiformes, dentition pattern in Tembeassu, and apteronotid diversity in the Paraná River are provided.
Keywords: Anatomy, Bayesian inference, new species, phylogeny, sympatry, taxonomy
Tembeassu titanicus sp. nov.
Luiz A. W. Peixoto, Ricardo Campos-da-Paz, Naércio A. Menezes, C. David De Santana, Mauro Triques and Aléssio Datovo. 2022. Systematics of Neotropical Electric Knifefish Tembeassu (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae). Systematics and Biodiversity. 20(1); 1-19. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2032460
twitter.com/Davidefishes/status/1504430715244617729
==========================
A new catfish of the genus Trichomycterus from the Rio Paraíba do Sul Basin, south-eastern Brazil,
a supposedly migrating species (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae)
Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Axel M. KatzAbstractA new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus largoperculatus is described from the Rio Paraíba do Sul, south-eastern Brazil. This species exhibits some morphological character states that are unique amongst congeners, including a robust opercle and a long interopercle with numerous odontodes (50–60 opercular and 90–100 interopercular), a black bar on the basal portion of the caudal fin and a dark brown flank with a well delimited dorsal yellow stripe. It also exhibits some morphological traits that are uncommon amongst congeners, such as the presence of nine pectoral-fin rays. The presence of a shallow hyomandibular outgrowth and a ventrally expanded pre-opercular ventral flap suggests that this species is closely related to T. melanopygius, T. pradensis and T. tete. The new species also differs from T. melanopygius, T. pradensis and T. tete by having an emarginate caudal fin and a single median supra-orbital pore S6. Anecdotal evidence suggests that T. largoperculatus and T. pradensis have migratory habits, a condition not previously reported for eastern South American trichomycterines.
zse.pensoft.net/article/72392/
==========================
a supposedly migrating species (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae)
Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Axel M. KatzAbstractA new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus largoperculatus is described from the Rio Paraíba do Sul, south-eastern Brazil. This species exhibits some morphological character states that are unique amongst congeners, including a robust opercle and a long interopercle with numerous odontodes (50–60 opercular and 90–100 interopercular), a black bar on the basal portion of the caudal fin and a dark brown flank with a well delimited dorsal yellow stripe. It also exhibits some morphological traits that are uncommon amongst congeners, such as the presence of nine pectoral-fin rays. The presence of a shallow hyomandibular outgrowth and a ventrally expanded pre-opercular ventral flap suggests that this species is closely related to T. melanopygius, T. pradensis and T. tete. The new species also differs from T. melanopygius, T. pradensis and T. tete by having an emarginate caudal fin and a single median supra-orbital pore S6. Anecdotal evidence suggests that T. largoperculatus and T. pradensis have migratory habits, a condition not previously reported for eastern South American trichomycterines.
zse.pensoft.net/article/72392/
==========================
biogeography of a hemiclonal hybrid system of native Australian freshwater fishes (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei:
LINK:-
bit.ly/3I1CQCe https://bit.ly/3I1CQCe
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biogeography of a hemiclonal hybrid system of native Australian freshwater fishes (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei:
LINK:-
bit.ly/3I1CQCe https://bit.ly/3I1CQCe
==========================
Two new species of the Anablepsoides limoncochae species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Rio Juruá drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil, pp. 27-36
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Anablepsoides belonging to the Anablepsoides limoncochae species group are herein described. Anablepsoides katukina n. sp. from the Rio Juruá drainage, Acre state and A. falconi n. sp. from the Rio Tarauacá drainage, a tributary of upper the Rio Juruá, both at Acre state, Amazon basin, Brazil. Anablepsoides katukina differs from the other species of the A. limoncochae species group by the color pattern of the males, with purplish blue body sides, presenting three interrupted red longitudinal lines, composed by small red dots. Anablepsoides falconi differs from the other species of the A. limoncochae species group by presenting a short, rounded, upturned snout, and fewer pectoral-fin rays than the remaining species assigned to the group.
from aqua-press.com
==========================
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Anablepsoides belonging to the Anablepsoides limoncochae species group are herein described. Anablepsoides katukina n. sp. from the Rio Juruá drainage, Acre state and A. falconi n. sp. from the Rio Tarauacá drainage, a tributary of upper the Rio Juruá, both at Acre state, Amazon basin, Brazil. Anablepsoides katukina differs from the other species of the A. limoncochae species group by the color pattern of the males, with purplish blue body sides, presenting three interrupted red longitudinal lines, composed by small red dots. Anablepsoides falconi differs from the other species of the A. limoncochae species group by presenting a short, rounded, upturned snout, and fewer pectoral-fin rays than the remaining species assigned to the group.
from aqua-press.com
==========================
Laimosemion anitae, a new species of Laimosemion genus, subgenus c (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Rio Juruá drainage, Amazon Basin, Brazil
ROSSELLA · FEBRUARY 28, 2022
37 5.4K 18
by Dalton Tavares Bressane Nielsen, Jan Willem Hoetmer and Eric Vandekerkhove – aqua 28 (1) pp. 37-43
A new species of Laimosemion, belonging to the subgenus Owiyeye, is described: Laimosemion anitae n. sp. from the Rio Juruá, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species differs from the other species of the group by an unique color pattern in males: overall background color of trunk and head orange-brown, sides of body with brown background and 4 thin light blue stripes from opecular region to the caudal peduncle. Laimosemion anitae is hypothesized to be closely related to L. leticia and L. ubim by sharing a similar color pattern in males and females.
Full Text | PDF (376 KB)
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ROSSELLA · FEBRUARY 28, 2022
37 5.4K 18
by Dalton Tavares Bressane Nielsen, Jan Willem Hoetmer and Eric Vandekerkhove – aqua 28 (1) pp. 37-43
A new species of Laimosemion, belonging to the subgenus Owiyeye, is described: Laimosemion anitae n. sp. from the Rio Juruá, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species differs from the other species of the group by an unique color pattern in males: overall background color of trunk and head orange-brown, sides of body with brown background and 4 thin light blue stripes from opecular region to the caudal peduncle. Laimosemion anitae is hypothesized to be closely related to L. leticia and L. ubim by sharing a similar color pattern in males and females.
Full Text | PDF (376 KB)
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Description of three new species of damselfish belonging to the Pomacentrus philippinus group (Pomacentridae) from Melanesia and the eastern and central Indian Ocean
ROSSELLA · FEBRUARY 28, 2022
1 5.2K 11
by Gerald R. Allen, Mark V. Erdmann and Ni Putu Dian Pertiwi – aqua 28 (1) pp. 1-26
Three new species of Pomacentrus, allied to P. philippinus, are described from the eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans. The current study, our third dealing with the P. philippinus group of species, concludes that it contains at least 10 allopatric species, which are mainly separable on the basis of colour pattern, slight meristic differences, and in most cases, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evidence. Pomacentrus umbratilus n. sp. is described on the basis of 27 specimens, 15.0-80.5 mm SL from the East Andaman Sea. Although it is essentially identical in appearance to P. philippinus from the East Indian region (ranging north to Japan), mtDNA sequences reveal a significant level of divergence. Similarly, Pomacentrus novaeguineae n. sp., described on the basis of 14 specimens, 36.8-75.9 mm SL, from West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, shows significant divergence, although it is also similar to P. philippinus with regards to colour pattern. Concatenated mtDNA analysis indicates a close affinity with P. nigriradiatus from the southwestern Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), although colour patterns are clearly different and it seems likely they are relatively recent sibling species. Pomacentrus novaeguineae is also recorded from the Solomon Islands on the basis of underwater observations and photographs. Pomacentrus xanthocercus n. sp. is described from 21 specimens, 35.1-85.0 mm SL, collected at the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Diagnostic features include a lack of yellow on the posterior dorsal and anal fins, and vibrant shade of yellow on the caudal fin. In addition, the black colouration on the pectoral-fin base is not as intense as in East Indian members of the species group and sometimes does not cover the entire fin base. Concatenated mtDNA analysis indicates a divergence of 5.8 % between its closest relative, P. umbratilus.
Full Text | PDF (1,7 MB)
==========================
ROSSELLA · FEBRUARY 28, 2022
1 5.2K 11
by Gerald R. Allen, Mark V. Erdmann and Ni Putu Dian Pertiwi – aqua 28 (1) pp. 1-26
Three new species of Pomacentrus, allied to P. philippinus, are described from the eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans. The current study, our third dealing with the P. philippinus group of species, concludes that it contains at least 10 allopatric species, which are mainly separable on the basis of colour pattern, slight meristic differences, and in most cases, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evidence. Pomacentrus umbratilus n. sp. is described on the basis of 27 specimens, 15.0-80.5 mm SL from the East Andaman Sea. Although it is essentially identical in appearance to P. philippinus from the East Indian region (ranging north to Japan), mtDNA sequences reveal a significant level of divergence. Similarly, Pomacentrus novaeguineae n. sp., described on the basis of 14 specimens, 36.8-75.9 mm SL, from West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, shows significant divergence, although it is also similar to P. philippinus with regards to colour pattern. Concatenated mtDNA analysis indicates a close affinity with P. nigriradiatus from the southwestern Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), although colour patterns are clearly different and it seems likely they are relatively recent sibling species. Pomacentrus novaeguineae is also recorded from the Solomon Islands on the basis of underwater observations and photographs. Pomacentrus xanthocercus n. sp. is described from 21 specimens, 35.1-85.0 mm SL, collected at the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Diagnostic features include a lack of yellow on the posterior dorsal and anal fins, and vibrant shade of yellow on the caudal fin. In addition, the black colouration on the pectoral-fin base is not as intense as in East Indian members of the species group and sometimes does not cover the entire fin base. Concatenated mtDNA analysis indicates a divergence of 5.8 % between its closest relative, P. umbratilus.
Full Text | PDF (1,7 MB)
==========================
Paleoschizothorax diluculum • A New Cyprinid (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, and Its Implications
Paleoschizothorax diluculum
Yang, Liang, Cai, Gu, Han, Chen, Wang, Bao & Defei, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.2015470
Researchgate.net/publication/358207014
Abstract
The Qaidam Basin, lying in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, China, is key to understanding the Cenozoic climatic and biological changes that have occurred on the plateau; however, information from a palaeontological perspective on this Palaeogene basin is scant. Recently, fossil cyprinids were found in the middle portion of the Shangganchaigou Formation (= Upper Ganchaigou Formation; Oligocene) in the north-western Qaidam Basin. These share many osteological characters with barbines and ‘morphologically primitive clade schizothoracines’ (= primitive schizothoracines; i.e. Schizothorax and Aspiorhynchus), and they closely resemble the latter in the size and shape of the scales: body scales are small and oval; the number of lateral line scales exceeds 100; and the long-oval scales from the pre-anal region are very similar to the ‘anal scales’, which are unique to schizothoracines. Compared with another fossil fish, Paleoschizothorax qaidamensis, from the same formation, the major differences are: (1) the posterior part of the entopterygoid in the new material is normal and not expanded while that of P. qaidamensis is obviously expanded; and (2) the premaxilla process of maxilla is well developed in P. qaidamensis but weak in the new specimens. Therefore, they are described as a new species of the fossil genus Paleoschizothorax (subfamily Schizothoracinae): Paleoschizothorax diluculum sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis, which included 13 extant genera and three fossil forms of barbines and schizothoracines and 70 morphological characters, also supports the close relationship between P. diluculum and primitive schizothoracines. A preliminary correlation analysis suggests that the degree of reduction of body scale size is negatively correlated with habitat mean temperatures among most Chinese cyprinids. Moreover, we speculate that the ‘primitive schizothoracines’ likely originated in the north-eastern–central Tibetan Plateau based on the fossil records and molecular phylogeny of the extant taxa.
Keywords: Tibetan Plateau, Qaidam Basin, fossil cyprinids, palaeoenvironment, Oligocene
Paleoschizothorax diluculum sp. nov.
A, holotype HTG18021a, head to right; B, counterpart HTG18021b, head to left;
C, opercle, HTG19001; D, cleithrum, HTG19007;
E, F, two entopterygoids, left, in lateral view, HTG19010 and HTG21023.
Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C-F = 5 mm.
Systematic palaeontology
Superorder Ostariophysi Sagemehl, 1885
Order Cypriniformes Bleeker, 1859/60
Family Cyprinidae Bonaparte, 1840
Subfamily Schizothoracinae Berg, 1912
(= Lineage Schizothoracini Howes, 1991)
Genus Paleoschizothorax Yang et al., 2018
Paleoschizothorax diluculum sp. nov.
Etymology. The species name ‘diluculum’, from the Latin, means first light of the day, referring to the expectation of more discoveries about the evolutionary implications of primitive schizothoracines.
Locality and horizon. Fossil locality HTG F27, about 15 km north-east of the town of Huatugou, north-western Qaidam Basin, China. Middle part of the Shangganchaigou Formation, Oligocene (Fig. 1).
Tao Yang, Weiyu Liang, Jiahao Cai, Haoran Gu, Lei Han, Hongyu Chen, Haojian Wang, Lin Bao and Defei. 2022. A New Cyprinid from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, and Its Implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.2015470
Researchgate.net/publication/358207014_A_new_cyprinid_from_the_Oligocene_of_Qaidam_Basin_north-eastern_Tibetan_plateau
news.cn/english/20220308/701b8d11e0a54b23b57e6d88289bc7b2/c.html
Tao Yang, Li Zhang, Wenjia Li, et al. 2018. New schizothoracine from Oligocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and its significance. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38, e1442840. DOI: 10.1080/ 02724634.2018.1442840
Researchgate.net/publication/324712770_New_schizothoracine_from_Oligocene_of_Qaidam_Basin_northern_Tibetan_Plateau_China_and_its_significance
==========================
Paleoschizothorax diluculum
Yang, Liang, Cai, Gu, Han, Chen, Wang, Bao & Defei, 2022
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.2015470
Researchgate.net/publication/358207014
Abstract
The Qaidam Basin, lying in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, China, is key to understanding the Cenozoic climatic and biological changes that have occurred on the plateau; however, information from a palaeontological perspective on this Palaeogene basin is scant. Recently, fossil cyprinids were found in the middle portion of the Shangganchaigou Formation (= Upper Ganchaigou Formation; Oligocene) in the north-western Qaidam Basin. These share many osteological characters with barbines and ‘morphologically primitive clade schizothoracines’ (= primitive schizothoracines; i.e. Schizothorax and Aspiorhynchus), and they closely resemble the latter in the size and shape of the scales: body scales are small and oval; the number of lateral line scales exceeds 100; and the long-oval scales from the pre-anal region are very similar to the ‘anal scales’, which are unique to schizothoracines. Compared with another fossil fish, Paleoschizothorax qaidamensis, from the same formation, the major differences are: (1) the posterior part of the entopterygoid in the new material is normal and not expanded while that of P. qaidamensis is obviously expanded; and (2) the premaxilla process of maxilla is well developed in P. qaidamensis but weak in the new specimens. Therefore, they are described as a new species of the fossil genus Paleoschizothorax (subfamily Schizothoracinae): Paleoschizothorax diluculum sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis, which included 13 extant genera and three fossil forms of barbines and schizothoracines and 70 morphological characters, also supports the close relationship between P. diluculum and primitive schizothoracines. A preliminary correlation analysis suggests that the degree of reduction of body scale size is negatively correlated with habitat mean temperatures among most Chinese cyprinids. Moreover, we speculate that the ‘primitive schizothoracines’ likely originated in the north-eastern–central Tibetan Plateau based on the fossil records and molecular phylogeny of the extant taxa.
Keywords: Tibetan Plateau, Qaidam Basin, fossil cyprinids, palaeoenvironment, Oligocene
Paleoschizothorax diluculum sp. nov.
A, holotype HTG18021a, head to right; B, counterpart HTG18021b, head to left;
C, opercle, HTG19001; D, cleithrum, HTG19007;
E, F, two entopterygoids, left, in lateral view, HTG19010 and HTG21023.
Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C-F = 5 mm.
Systematic palaeontology
Superorder Ostariophysi Sagemehl, 1885
Order Cypriniformes Bleeker, 1859/60
Family Cyprinidae Bonaparte, 1840
Subfamily Schizothoracinae Berg, 1912
(= Lineage Schizothoracini Howes, 1991)
Genus Paleoschizothorax Yang et al., 2018
Paleoschizothorax diluculum sp. nov.
Etymology. The species name ‘diluculum’, from the Latin, means first light of the day, referring to the expectation of more discoveries about the evolutionary implications of primitive schizothoracines.
Locality and horizon. Fossil locality HTG F27, about 15 km north-east of the town of Huatugou, north-western Qaidam Basin, China. Middle part of the Shangganchaigou Formation, Oligocene (Fig. 1).
Tao Yang, Weiyu Liang, Jiahao Cai, Haoran Gu, Lei Han, Hongyu Chen, Haojian Wang, Lin Bao and Defei. 2022. A New Cyprinid from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, and Its Implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.2015470
Researchgate.net/publication/358207014_A_new_cyprinid_from_the_Oligocene_of_Qaidam_Basin_north-eastern_Tibetan_plateau
news.cn/english/20220308/701b8d11e0a54b23b57e6d88289bc7b2/c.html
Tao Yang, Li Zhang, Wenjia Li, et al. 2018. New schizothoracine from Oligocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and its significance. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38, e1442840. DOI: 10.1080/ 02724634.2018.1442840
Researchgate.net/publication/324712770_New_schizothoracine_from_Oligocene_of_Qaidam_Basin_northern_Tibetan_Plateau_China_and_its_significance
==========================
Amblyceps hmolaii • Integrative Taxonomy peeps A New Torrent Catfish Species of Genus Amblyceps (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) in Kaladan River of Mizoram, India
Amblyceps hmolaii
Singh, Lalronunga & Ramliana, 2022
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07302-7
Researchgate.net/publication/359022986
Abstract
Background:
Explorations of the Kaladan River of Mizoram, India during the last decade have given a large number of new species. Integrative taxonomy, when used at the time of discovery of new species, can correlate the morphological characters with the species-specific DNA signatures and ameliorate the process of species identification. Based on this approach, Amblyceps hmolaii sp. nov., a new torrent catfish species is described from the Kaladan River drainage.
Methods and results:
The new species is distinguished from all twenty-two congeners by morphometric measurements and meristic counts. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), generated in this study and those available in NCBI, separated A. hmolaii sp. nov. from seven species of Amblyceps. Analysis of COI sequences, with ABGD software to delimit the species, also provided eight stable groups corresponding to the eight species of Amblyceps. The new species was separated from its congeners with an average genetic distance of 11.77%. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree was constructed using the best fit nucleotide substitution model HKY + G + I.
Conclusion:
This study used all the twenty-two congeners in morphomeristic analysis and seven congeners in molecular analysis, for comparison with the new species. This approach unambiguously resolved the new species from other species of Amblyceps and created its species-specific DNA signatures. The discovery of new species even marked the first record of genus Amblyceps from the Kaladan drainage.
Keywords: Barcode gap, Cytochrome c oxidase I, Genetic distance, Morphometric characters, Phylogenetic tree
Amblyceps hmolaii sp. nov., ZSI FF 9059, holotype, 51.5 mm SL;
India: Mizoram: Kawlchaw River (Kaladan River drainage)
Class: Actinopterygii Klein 1885.
Order: Siluriformes Cuvier, 1817.
Family: Amblycipitidae Day 1873.
Genus: Amblyceps Blyth 1858.
Amblyceps hmolaii sp. nov.
Etymology: Named in honor of Hmolai, a famous Lakher chief of Lushai hills (present-day Mizoram state).
Mahender Singh, Samuel Lalronunga and Lal Ramliana. 2022. Integrative Taxonomy peeps A New Torrent Catfish Species of Genus Amblyceps (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) in Kaladan River of Mizoram, India. Molecular Biology Reports. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07302-7
Researchgate.net/publication/359022986_Integrative_taxonomy_peeps_a_new_torrent_catfish_species_of_genus_Amblyceps_in_Kaladan_River_of_Mizoram_India
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Amblyceps hmolaii
Singh, Lalronunga & Ramliana, 2022
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07302-7
Researchgate.net/publication/359022986
Abstract
Background:
Explorations of the Kaladan River of Mizoram, India during the last decade have given a large number of new species. Integrative taxonomy, when used at the time of discovery of new species, can correlate the morphological characters with the species-specific DNA signatures and ameliorate the process of species identification. Based on this approach, Amblyceps hmolaii sp. nov., a new torrent catfish species is described from the Kaladan River drainage.
Methods and results:
The new species is distinguished from all twenty-two congeners by morphometric measurements and meristic counts. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), generated in this study and those available in NCBI, separated A. hmolaii sp. nov. from seven species of Amblyceps. Analysis of COI sequences, with ABGD software to delimit the species, also provided eight stable groups corresponding to the eight species of Amblyceps. The new species was separated from its congeners with an average genetic distance of 11.77%. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree was constructed using the best fit nucleotide substitution model HKY + G + I.
Conclusion:
This study used all the twenty-two congeners in morphomeristic analysis and seven congeners in molecular analysis, for comparison with the new species. This approach unambiguously resolved the new species from other species of Amblyceps and created its species-specific DNA signatures. The discovery of new species even marked the first record of genus Amblyceps from the Kaladan drainage.
Keywords: Barcode gap, Cytochrome c oxidase I, Genetic distance, Morphometric characters, Phylogenetic tree
Amblyceps hmolaii sp. nov., ZSI FF 9059, holotype, 51.5 mm SL;
India: Mizoram: Kawlchaw River (Kaladan River drainage)
Class: Actinopterygii Klein 1885.
Order: Siluriformes Cuvier, 1817.
Family: Amblycipitidae Day 1873.
Genus: Amblyceps Blyth 1858.
Amblyceps hmolaii sp. nov.
Etymology: Named in honor of Hmolai, a famous Lakher chief of Lushai hills (present-day Mizoram state).
Mahender Singh, Samuel Lalronunga and Lal Ramliana. 2022. Integrative Taxonomy peeps A New Torrent Catfish Species of Genus Amblyceps (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) in Kaladan River of Mizoram, India. Molecular Biology Reports. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07302-7
Researchgate.net/publication/359022986_Integrative_taxonomy_peeps_a_new_torrent_catfish_species_of_genus_Amblyceps_in_Kaladan_River_of_Mizoram_India
==========================
Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae)
PISCESACTINOPTERYGIITELEOSTEITAXONOMYGADIFORMESAbstractThe genus Physiculus is widespread in the Indo-Pacific with more than 32 valid species, and about 12 species were recorded only from the Indian Ocean. Two new species similar to each other are collected from the outer reef drop off of Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep, India, Arabian Sea and described. Physiculus indicus sp. nov. is characterised by its light organ situated at about the middle of pelvic-fin base and anus, a small light organ, a rather forward situated anus, no scales on the gular region, dorsal-fin rays 8‒9+56‒60, anal-fin rays 55‒60, and 52 vertebrae. This species differs from nearest congeners in lacking gular scales, anus situated closer to the light organ and slightly fewer total vertebrae. Physiculus lakshadeepa sp. nov. is characterised by a relatively high first dorsal fin (51.7‒62.8% HL) and a light organ situated at the middle of the pelvic-fin base and anus. It has a small light organ, a rather forward situated anus, no scales on the gular region, dorsal-fin rays 8‒9+51‒59, anal-fin rays 53‒59, and 49 vertebrae. Physiculus lakshadeepa differs from the nearest congeners in lacking gular scales, fewer anal-fin rays and fewer total vertebrae.
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Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil
Keywords: comparative morphology, mountain biodiversity, osteology, Rio Uruguai basinABSTRACTDuring a field inventory directed at trichomycterine habitats, two new species of the genus Cambeva, C. alphabelardense sp. nov. and C. betabelardense sp. nov., were found in the Rio Chapecó drainage, an area under high environmental decline due to intensive soya monoculture. These species share a peculiar head morphology and some unique osteological features, besides having a size that is smaller than in any other congener, being herein considered to be more closely related to each other than to other taxa. They differ from each other by several characters, including head shape, fin morphology, number of jaw teeth and opercular odontodes, and mesethmoid and metapterygoid shape. Furthermore, they were found in the same area, but in distinct biotopes, with one species found buried in the remnants of tree ferns and other plants on the stream bottom, restricted to a small residual fragment of the original forest, and the other species inhabiting a stream with gravel and small stones on the bottom. Field studies indicate that these species are threatened with extinction. Robust phylogenetic studies are still necessary to test relationship hypotheses involving the new taxa here described.
==========================
- Wilson J.E.M. CostaLaboratory of Systematics and Evolution of Teleost Fishes, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-638X
- Caio R.M. FeltrinAv. Municipal, 45, Siderópolis, CEP 88860-000, Santa Catarina, Brazilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-7295
- Axel M. KatzLaboratory of Systematics and Evolution of Teleost Fishes, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2933-7163
Keywords: comparative morphology, mountain biodiversity, osteology, Rio Uruguai basinABSTRACTDuring a field inventory directed at trichomycterine habitats, two new species of the genus Cambeva, C. alphabelardense sp. nov. and C. betabelardense sp. nov., were found in the Rio Chapecó drainage, an area under high environmental decline due to intensive soya monoculture. These species share a peculiar head morphology and some unique osteological features, besides having a size that is smaller than in any other congener, being herein considered to be more closely related to each other than to other taxa. They differ from each other by several characters, including head shape, fin morphology, number of jaw teeth and opercular odontodes, and mesethmoid and metapterygoid shape. Furthermore, they were found in the same area, but in distinct biotopes, with one species found buried in the remnants of tree ferns and other plants on the stream bottom, restricted to a small residual fragment of the original forest, and the other species inhabiting a stream with gravel and small stones on the bottom. Field studies indicate that these species are threatened with extinction. Robust phylogenetic studies are still necessary to test relationship hypotheses involving the new taxa here described.
==========================
A Society for all Aquatic Fanatics in South Wales!
Fortnightly Meet-ups, Monthly Full Meetings, Swap-shops, Seasonal Auctions, Day Trips & Conventions, Guest Speakers, Cuttings & Culture Swaps
& So Much More!
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10th April 2022
West Lothian Aquarist Society Auction
The Tower Lounge,
Craigshill, Livingston
EH54 5DZ.
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Two new species of goby from the Philippines Rhinogobius estrellae and Rhingobius tandikan
Link to article news.mongabay.com/2022/02/one-fish-two-fish-new-goby-species-from-the-philippines-just-dropped/
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Link to article news.mongabay.com/2022/02/one-fish-two-fish-new-goby-species-from-the-philippines-just-dropped/
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Feia seba, a new species of marine goby (Pisces: Gobiidae) from Papua New Guinea
ROSSELLA · JANUARY 1, 2020
0 2.9K 1
by Gerald R. Allen, Mark V. Erdmann and William M. Book – aqua 26 (1) – pp. 11-16
Abstract
Feia seba, n. sp. is described from a single male specimen, 12.8 mm SL, collected from a sandy-mud bottom habitat in 30 m depth at Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Diagnostic features include: lateral scales 32; predorsal scales 13; a few scales on upper operculum; pelvic frenum absent, basal membrane fully developed; papillae rows on chin parallel, not converging posteriorly; raised fleshy ridges associated with cephalic sensory papillae mainly confined to preopercular-mandibular series, those of opercle and cheek weakly developed; live coloration mainly reddish brown with widely-spaced, vertically elongate white markings below dorsal-fin base and on dorsal edge of caudal peduncle, also scattered white spots on cheek, opercle, and dorsum of head; dorsal and caudal fins dark brown with white markings.
Full Text | PDF (257 KB)
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ROSSELLA · JANUARY 1, 2020
0 2.9K 1
by Gerald R. Allen, Mark V. Erdmann and William M. Book – aqua 26 (1) – pp. 11-16
Abstract
Feia seba, n. sp. is described from a single male specimen, 12.8 mm SL, collected from a sandy-mud bottom habitat in 30 m depth at Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Diagnostic features include: lateral scales 32; predorsal scales 13; a few scales on upper operculum; pelvic frenum absent, basal membrane fully developed; papillae rows on chin parallel, not converging posteriorly; raised fleshy ridges associated with cephalic sensory papillae mainly confined to preopercular-mandibular series, those of opercle and cheek weakly developed; live coloration mainly reddish brown with widely-spaced, vertically elongate white markings below dorsal-fin base and on dorsal edge of caudal peduncle, also scattered white spots on cheek, opercle, and dorsum of head; dorsal and caudal fins dark brown with white markings.
Full Text | PDF (257 KB)
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Amblyceps motumensis, a new species of hillstream catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) from eastern Himalaya, India
ROSSELLA · FEBRUARY 1, 2020
37 5.2K 18
by Santoshkumar Abujam, Lakpa Tamang, Gibji Nimasow and Debangshu Narayan Das – aqua 27 (4) pp. 137-148
Amblyceps motumensis, a new species of South Asian amblycipitid catfish, is described herein based on 3 gravid females (48.0-50.5 mm SL) from the upper Brahmaputra River drainage in eastern Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. The new species is readily distinguished from A. apangi, A. torrentis, A. cerinum, A. murraystuarti, A. yunnanensis, A. improcerum and A. laticeps in having the caudal fin deeply forked (vs. truncate or emarginate; weakly forked in A. improcerum and A. laticeps), the anus considerably closer to the anal fin (vs. pelvic-fin) origins, as a result tip of the last adpressed pelvic fin not exceeding (vs. exceeding) beyond anus. The new species is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: jaws length equal, tip of adpressed dorsal fin not reaching vertical through pelvic-fin origin, pinnate like rays on the caudal fin procurrent and unbranched-principal rays present, but hooks on the lepidotrichia of the median rays absent, adipose fin incised posteriorly and not confluent with dorsal procurrent part of caudal fin.
Full Text | PDF (477 KB)
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ROSSELLA · FEBRUARY 1, 2020
37 5.2K 18
by Santoshkumar Abujam, Lakpa Tamang, Gibji Nimasow and Debangshu Narayan Das – aqua 27 (4) pp. 137-148
Amblyceps motumensis, a new species of South Asian amblycipitid catfish, is described herein based on 3 gravid females (48.0-50.5 mm SL) from the upper Brahmaputra River drainage in eastern Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. The new species is readily distinguished from A. apangi, A. torrentis, A. cerinum, A. murraystuarti, A. yunnanensis, A. improcerum and A. laticeps in having the caudal fin deeply forked (vs. truncate or emarginate; weakly forked in A. improcerum and A. laticeps), the anus considerably closer to the anal fin (vs. pelvic-fin) origins, as a result tip of the last adpressed pelvic fin not exceeding (vs. exceeding) beyond anus. The new species is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: jaws length equal, tip of adpressed dorsal fin not reaching vertical through pelvic-fin origin, pinnate like rays on the caudal fin procurrent and unbranched-principal rays present, but hooks on the lepidotrichia of the median rays absent, adipose fin incised posteriorly and not confluent with dorsal procurrent part of caudal fin.
Full Text | PDF (477 KB)
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The Real Devario browni from the Irrawaddy River Basin, and the new Devario ahlanderi (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae) from the Salween River Basin in Myanmar
Devario ahlanderi
Kullander & Norén, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.2
Abstract
Specimens of Devario from a tributary to the Salween River in Myanmar initially identified as Devario browni but with a different colour pattern, were subjected to a comparative morphological analysis with syntypes and other specimens of D. browni from near its putative type locality. The Salween sample was recognised as representing a distinct species, here named Devario ahlanderi. No significant morphometric differences were found between D. ahlanderi and D. browni. The type series of Devario ahlanderi differed from D. browni and most other species of Devario in the presence of 14 vs 12 circumpeduncular scale rows. Devario ahlanderi, D. browni, and D. fangae shared subadult colour pattern. Adult D. ahlanderi differed from adult D. browni in the trunk colour pattern, consisting of rows of dark blotches or short vertical bars. In D. browni, the flank colour pattern consisted of horizontal dark stripes, the middle of which (the P stripe) frequently diverged anteriorly, enclosing a small light blotch. Specimens previously reported as D. browni from the upper Salween River basin in Yunnan differed slightly in colour pattern, and may represent a distinct species. Devario ahlanderi shared spotted colour pattern with that of one ontogenetic state in D. kysonensis, except that a row of spots marking the P-1 stripe in D. kysonensis was absent in D. ahlanderi. The minimum genetic distance between D. ahlanderi and congeneric species varied from 2.1 to 5% in the mt-coI gene.
Key words: colour pattern, freshwater, morphology, South Asia, species discrimination, taxonomy
Devario browni (Regan, 1907)
Revised definition. Distinguished from all other species of Devario by the shape of the P stripe: gradually ex-panding posteroanteriorly, either forming a uniform brown blotch anteriorly, or P stripe diverging anteriorly, forming a brown blotch enclosing a small light spot or two contiguous small light spots.
Geographical distribution and habitat. The type locality of Devario browni is not known, but was probably near Lashio in the upper Irrawaddy River basin. Specimens from streams near Lashio were identified as D. browni (Appendix 1). Presence of D. browni in the upper Salween River basin in Yunnan was not confirmed. Devario shanensis was syntopic with D. browni near Lashio (Appendix 1).Other syntopic fish species were identified as Opsarius barnoides, Pethia stoliczkana, and Danio roseus.
Devario ahlanderi. All from Myanmar, Shan State, Salween River basin.
A, holotype, NRM 57999, adult female, 65.2 mm SL; stream close to Naung Al Village, about 6 miles (9 km) east of Kak-ku.
B, paratype, NRM 58062, adult male, 56.9 mm SL, same locality as holotype;
C, paratype, NRM 58061, adult female, 55.6 mm SL; small stream running under Naung Pic bridge near Naung Pic Village, on the way from Kak-ku to Taunggyi.
Devario ahlanderi, new species
Definition. Distinguished from all other species of Devario by the modification in adults of the anterior half of the P stripe into a series of short irregular bars or spots.
Explanation of the specific name: The specific name is a noun in the genitive case. The species is dedicated to Erik Åhlander, long time Senior Assistant in the ichthtyology and herpetology collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and a key person in the successful development and operation of ichthyology at the NRM.
Sven Kullander and Michael Norén. 2022. The Real Devario browni from the Irrawaddy River basin, and the new Devario ahlanderi from the Salween River basin in Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae). Zootaxa. 5100(1); 54-72. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.2
==========================
Devario ahlanderi
Kullander & Norén, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.2
Abstract
Specimens of Devario from a tributary to the Salween River in Myanmar initially identified as Devario browni but with a different colour pattern, were subjected to a comparative morphological analysis with syntypes and other specimens of D. browni from near its putative type locality. The Salween sample was recognised as representing a distinct species, here named Devario ahlanderi. No significant morphometric differences were found between D. ahlanderi and D. browni. The type series of Devario ahlanderi differed from D. browni and most other species of Devario in the presence of 14 vs 12 circumpeduncular scale rows. Devario ahlanderi, D. browni, and D. fangae shared subadult colour pattern. Adult D. ahlanderi differed from adult D. browni in the trunk colour pattern, consisting of rows of dark blotches or short vertical bars. In D. browni, the flank colour pattern consisted of horizontal dark stripes, the middle of which (the P stripe) frequently diverged anteriorly, enclosing a small light blotch. Specimens previously reported as D. browni from the upper Salween River basin in Yunnan differed slightly in colour pattern, and may represent a distinct species. Devario ahlanderi shared spotted colour pattern with that of one ontogenetic state in D. kysonensis, except that a row of spots marking the P-1 stripe in D. kysonensis was absent in D. ahlanderi. The minimum genetic distance between D. ahlanderi and congeneric species varied from 2.1 to 5% in the mt-coI gene.
Key words: colour pattern, freshwater, morphology, South Asia, species discrimination, taxonomy
Devario browni (Regan, 1907)
Revised definition. Distinguished from all other species of Devario by the shape of the P stripe: gradually ex-panding posteroanteriorly, either forming a uniform brown blotch anteriorly, or P stripe diverging anteriorly, forming a brown blotch enclosing a small light spot or two contiguous small light spots.
Geographical distribution and habitat. The type locality of Devario browni is not known, but was probably near Lashio in the upper Irrawaddy River basin. Specimens from streams near Lashio were identified as D. browni (Appendix 1). Presence of D. browni in the upper Salween River basin in Yunnan was not confirmed. Devario shanensis was syntopic with D. browni near Lashio (Appendix 1).Other syntopic fish species were identified as Opsarius barnoides, Pethia stoliczkana, and Danio roseus.
Devario ahlanderi. All from Myanmar, Shan State, Salween River basin.
A, holotype, NRM 57999, adult female, 65.2 mm SL; stream close to Naung Al Village, about 6 miles (9 km) east of Kak-ku.
B, paratype, NRM 58062, adult male, 56.9 mm SL, same locality as holotype;
C, paratype, NRM 58061, adult female, 55.6 mm SL; small stream running under Naung Pic bridge near Naung Pic Village, on the way from Kak-ku to Taunggyi.
Devario ahlanderi, new species
Definition. Distinguished from all other species of Devario by the modification in adults of the anterior half of the P stripe into a series of short irregular bars or spots.
Explanation of the specific name: The specific name is a noun in the genitive case. The species is dedicated to Erik Åhlander, long time Senior Assistant in the ichthtyology and herpetology collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and a key person in the successful development and operation of ichthyology at the NRM.
Sven Kullander and Michael Norén. 2022. The Real Devario browni from the Irrawaddy River basin, and the new Devario ahlanderi from the Salween River basin in Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae). Zootaxa. 5100(1); 54-72. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.2
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5099.3.2
PUBLISHED: 2022-02-14
Mystus cyrusi, a new species of bagrid catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from Middle East PISCESSILURIFORMESKOL RIVERDNA BARCODINGGENETIC DISTANCEMORPHOLOGYIRAN AbstractMystus cyrusi, new species, is described from the Kol River drainage which flows to the Straits of Hormuz in southern Iran. It is distinguished from its closest relative, Mystus pelusius from the Tigris-Euphrates River system by a combination of characters: The maxillary barbel short, not reaching to beyond pelvic fin (vs. extends as far as anal fin in some female M. pelusius), shorter adipose fin (30.8–37.4% SL) and with a steeper sloping at its origin vs. longer (37.6–45.6% SL) and with a more gently sloping in M. pelusius), greater head depth (16.64–21.9% SL vs. 12.6–16.59% SL in M. pelusius), greater caudal-peduncle depth (10.3–12.5% SL vs. 8.7–10.5% SL in M. pelusius) and fewer total gill rakers (12–14, mode 12) vs. (14–17 in M. pelusius). Mystus cyrusi is also well distinguished by molecular characters. Genetically, M. cyrusi shows the lowest genetic distance with M. pelusius (4.6%), and then with M. singaringan (11.6%), M. wolffii (13.1%), and M. bleekeri (13.4%) among the 21 studied species in their mtDNA sequences. Mystus cyrusi shows the highest genetic distance with M. montanus (26.5%).
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PUBLISHED: 2022-02-14
Mystus cyrusi, a new species of bagrid catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from Middle East PISCESSILURIFORMESKOL RIVERDNA BARCODINGGENETIC DISTANCEMORPHOLOGYIRAN AbstractMystus cyrusi, new species, is described from the Kol River drainage which flows to the Straits of Hormuz in southern Iran. It is distinguished from its closest relative, Mystus pelusius from the Tigris-Euphrates River system by a combination of characters: The maxillary barbel short, not reaching to beyond pelvic fin (vs. extends as far as anal fin in some female M. pelusius), shorter adipose fin (30.8–37.4% SL) and with a steeper sloping at its origin vs. longer (37.6–45.6% SL) and with a more gently sloping in M. pelusius), greater head depth (16.64–21.9% SL vs. 12.6–16.59% SL in M. pelusius), greater caudal-peduncle depth (10.3–12.5% SL vs. 8.7–10.5% SL in M. pelusius) and fewer total gill rakers (12–14, mode 12) vs. (14–17 in M. pelusius). Mystus cyrusi is also well distinguished by molecular characters. Genetically, M. cyrusi shows the lowest genetic distance with M. pelusius (4.6%), and then with M. singaringan (11.6%), M. wolffii (13.1%), and M. bleekeri (13.4%) among the 21 studied species in their mtDNA sequences. Mystus cyrusi shows the highest genetic distance with M. montanus (26.5%).
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H.R. 4521 remains front and center on the PIJAC website as the situation continues to unfold.via PIJAC
February 12, 2022
Robert Likins III, Vice President of Government Affairs for the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC)“The threat to the responsible pet care community posed by amendments to the Lacey Act included in the COMPETES Act of 2021 (H.R.4521) is high. These changes to the Lacey Act’s shipment clause would create a negative ripple effect across the pet care community, affecting not only those that import and domestically transport companion animals, but also businesses that breed them domestically or provide products and services to care for pets. The proposed white list could also drastically alter the species available as companion animals. While similar changes have been proposed and successfully mitigated by the efforts of the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council and related groups in the past, this one has more traction than ever before. It is critical that the trade activate and engage with their federal elected officials to voice their opposition to these amendments, which, even if defeated this time, we expect to see again in the future.” – Bob Likins, Vice President, Government Affairs, PIJAC’
Editor’s Note: There is ongoing skepticism in private conversations and social media suggesting that the Lacey Act revisions were already stricken from the House bill that was passed, leading to a wide range of allegations or apathy. These concerns are bolstered by the fact that finding the actual Lacey Act amendments is extremely challenging, and there is still no final version of what was passed by the House available in one unified document to review.
But yes, with certainty, the amendment was made. Here’s where to find it:
- H.R. 4521 on Congress.gov
- Go to the ammendments tab
- Navigate to H.Amdt.160
- Click the text” tab on that page.
- Note the “Amendment as Offered (02/02/2022)” and then click the link for H895-898
- Then, finally, click BIOECONOMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2021; Congressional Record Vol. 168, No. 21
- Finally, search the page for “71102”, which is the Lacey Act section.
- TAKE ACTION AND CONTACT YOUR SENATOR TODAY WITH THESE TALKING POINTS
- DOWNLOAD THIS ISSUE SUMMARY
- DOWNLOAD FACT SHEET ON COMPETES ACT AMENDMENTS IMPACTING LACEY
Amendments to the Lacey Act included in the COMPETES Act of 2021 (H.R.4521) legislation would make changes to the Lacey Act that would negatively impact the broader pet care community.
These amendments are alarming for the pet care community because they:
- Expand the authority of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to prevent interstate transport between states in the continental U.S. of species listed as injurious.
- Create a whitelist of approved species that can be imported, where any animal not listed is treated as an injurious species by default and banned from importation into the U.S.
- Grant the Secretary of the Interior powers to use an “emergency declaration” to prohibit importation of a species found to be injurious to humans, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, wildlife, or wildlife resources for up to 3 years. The “emergency declaration” would be effective immediately on publication in the Federal Register, unless extended up to 60 days.
- MAR 9, 2021 – S.626 was introduced with language that would amend the current Lacey Act. This bill is in Committee in the Senate and awaiting a hearing.
- JUN 8, 2021 – Senate passes S.1260, the U.S. Innovation and Competition Act (USICA) with the intention of boosting US economic competitiveness with China.
- JAN 25, 2022 – House introduces COMPETES Act (H.R.4521) as their “response” to USICA and includes many unrelated amendments. Legislative language from S.626 impacting the Lacey Act was added to the COMPETES Act along with several other amendments creating a larger omnibus bill. The amendments did not have an opportunity for a full debate in different committees before being sent to the House floor for a vote and passage.
- FEB 4, 2022 – The House passes COMPETES Act along party lines with few exceptions, and the bill is now in the Senate where they will decide on whether to reconcile the two bills or take up the COMPETES Act.
The COMPETES Act is now in the Senate after passing the House on February 4, 2022. It remains unclear (as of February 8) whether the Senate will take up the House bill or opt to reconcile with their own bill that passed the Senate this past summer, USICA (S. 1260). Once the Senate makes its intentions clear, it will be much clearer where constituents in the pet care community can direct their emails, phone calls, and comments opposing amendments to the Lacey Act included in the COMPETES Act.
PIJAC is preparing for either eventuality and will issue an urgent call to action as soon as it is appropriate. Please be on the lookout for our email alert which will go out to our full membership and respond to it immediately as time will be of the essence.
If you are not yet a member of PIJAC and want to receive the action alert as well as be notified of updates on this and other legislation that could impact your pet business, please become a member today at pijac.org/join or email us at info@pijac.org.
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Scomberoides pelagicus • A New Species of Queenfish (Carangiformes: Carangidae) from Indian Seas
Scomberoides pelagicus Abdussamad, Retheesh & Gopalakrishnan,
in Abdussamad, Gopalakrishnan, Mini, ... et Jacob, 2022
DOI: 10.22438/jeb/43/1/MRN-1975
Aim:
The study was carried out to ascertain whether morphotype of Scomberoides commersonnianus (Talang queenfish) existing along the Indian coast is a new species or not.
Methodology:
Talang queenfish and the morphotype were tested for their uniqueness using systematic and molecular tools. The morphometric and meristic details including otolith morphometry were analysed and compared for taxonomic divergence and Cytochrome Oxidase I and Cytochrome b gene sequences for quantifying genetic divergences.
Results:
The systematic analysis indicated significant morphometric differences between both. The otolith morphometry and phylogeny also confirmed the divergence between them, and qualified the morphotype as an independent species status and named Scomberoides pelagicus sp. nov.
Interpretation:
The new species is distinct by deep ovate body, concave dorsal head profile, anal fin origin anterior to second dorsal fin and pelvic to pectoral fin, helical arrangement of body scale and stout and less numerous gill rakers on the first gill arch. The phylogeny as on Cytochrome b and Cytochrome-Oxidase 1 sequences are very distinct, with 11.2% and 2.0% divergence respectively. Their known distributional range are peninsular region of Indian coast, Malaysian region of the South China Sea and Manila Bay, Philippines.
Key words: Deep bodied queenfish, Genetic divergence, Otolith morphometry, Phylogeny, Scomberoides pelagicus, Talang queenfish
Scomberoides pelagicus sp. nov. Abdussamad, Retheesh and Gopalakrishnan
E.M. Abdussamad, A. Gopalakrishnan, K.G. Mini, S. Sukumaran, P.R. Divya, T.B. Retheesh, A.A. Muhammed, N.V. Dipti, A.R. Akhil, T. Thomas and K.D. Jacob. 2022. Description of A New Species of Queenfish, Scomberoides pelagicus from Indian Seas. Journal of Environmental Biology. 43(1);105-114. DOI: 10.22438/jeb/43/1/MRN-1975
==========================
Scomberoides pelagicus Abdussamad, Retheesh & Gopalakrishnan,
in Abdussamad, Gopalakrishnan, Mini, ... et Jacob, 2022
DOI: 10.22438/jeb/43/1/MRN-1975
Aim:
The study was carried out to ascertain whether morphotype of Scomberoides commersonnianus (Talang queenfish) existing along the Indian coast is a new species or not.
Methodology:
Talang queenfish and the morphotype were tested for their uniqueness using systematic and molecular tools. The morphometric and meristic details including otolith morphometry were analysed and compared for taxonomic divergence and Cytochrome Oxidase I and Cytochrome b gene sequences for quantifying genetic divergences.
Results:
The systematic analysis indicated significant morphometric differences between both. The otolith morphometry and phylogeny also confirmed the divergence between them, and qualified the morphotype as an independent species status and named Scomberoides pelagicus sp. nov.
Interpretation:
The new species is distinct by deep ovate body, concave dorsal head profile, anal fin origin anterior to second dorsal fin and pelvic to pectoral fin, helical arrangement of body scale and stout and less numerous gill rakers on the first gill arch. The phylogeny as on Cytochrome b and Cytochrome-Oxidase 1 sequences are very distinct, with 11.2% and 2.0% divergence respectively. Their known distributional range are peninsular region of Indian coast, Malaysian region of the South China Sea and Manila Bay, Philippines.
Key words: Deep bodied queenfish, Genetic divergence, Otolith morphometry, Phylogeny, Scomberoides pelagicus, Talang queenfish
Scomberoides pelagicus sp. nov. Abdussamad, Retheesh and Gopalakrishnan
E.M. Abdussamad, A. Gopalakrishnan, K.G. Mini, S. Sukumaran, P.R. Divya, T.B. Retheesh, A.A. Muhammed, N.V. Dipti, A.R. Akhil, T. Thomas and K.D. Jacob. 2022. Description of A New Species of Queenfish, Scomberoides pelagicus from Indian Seas. Journal of Environmental Biology. 43(1);105-114. DOI: 10.22438/jeb/43/1/MRN-1975
==========================
A new species of Trimma (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the deep reefs of Palau, western Pacific Ocean
PISCESTAXONOMYPYGMYGOBYCORAL REEF GOBIESMESOPHOTIC CORAL ECOSYSTEMSAbstractA new species of Trimma is described from three specimens from deep reefs (91.4 m) at Uchelbeluu Reef, Palau, western Pacific Ocean. Trimma panemorfum n. sp. is characterized by a live colouration of a yellow to orange body with two light blue stripes, each with a ventral bar of the same colour from the anterior origin. The predorsal midline is scaled, opercular and cheek scales are absent, the middle 12–13 pectoral-fin rays are branched, the fifth pelvic-fin ray has two dichotomous branch points (total of four branch tips), the bony interorbital is 34–42% pupil width and does not extend ventrolaterally beyond the fifth papilla of row p, where the posterior interorbital trench is present as a slight groove or absent.
References
- Colin, P. (2009) Marine Environments of Palau. Indo-Pacific Press, San Diego, 414 pp.
Hoese, D.F, Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. (2015) Description of a new species of Trimma (Perciformes, Gobiidae) from the Red Sea, with a discussion of the generic separation of Trimma and Priolepis, with discussion of sensory papillae terminology. Zootaxa, 4027 (4), 538–550. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4027.4.4
Jordan, D.S. & Seale, A. (1906) The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check-list of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 25, 173–455 + 457–488 (index), pls. 33–53. [for 1905]
Pyle, R.L., Kosaki, R.K., Pinheiro, H.T., Rocha, L.A., Whitton, R.K. & Copus, J.M. (2019) Fishes: biodiversity. In: Loya, Y., Puglise, K.A. & Bridge, T.C.L. (Eds.), Mesophotic coral ecosystems. Springer, New York, New York, pp. 749–777.
Ratnasingham, S., & Hebert, P.D.N. (2013) A DNA-Based Registry for All Animal Species: The Barcode Index Number (BIN) System. PLoS ONE, 8 (8), e66213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213
Winterbottom, R. (1995) Red Sea gobiid fishes of the genus Trimma, with the description of two new species. Revue Française d’aquariologie, 22, 93–98.
Winterbottom, R. (2006) Two new species of the gobiid fish Trimma from the coral reefs of western Pacific Ocean (Pisces; Perciformes; Gobioidei). Zootaxa, 1331 (1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1331.1.3
Winterbottom, R. (2011) Six new species of the genus Trimma (Percomorpha; Gobiidae) from the Raja Ampat Islands, Indonesia. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 17 (3), 127–162.
Winterbottom, R. (2016) Trimma tevegae and T. caudomaculatum revisited and redescribed (Acanthopterygii, Gobiidae), with descriptions of three new similar species from the western Pacific. Zootaxa, 4144 (1), 1–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.1
Winterbottom, R. (2019) An illustrated key to the described valid species of Trimma (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 34, 1–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3525430
Winterbottom, R. (2021) A new species of Trimma (Pisces: Gobiidae) from western Thailand, north-eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4915 (2), 264–272. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4915.2.6
Winterbottom, R., Burridge, M., Erdmann, M.V., Hanner, R.H., Zur, M., Steinke, C., & Choffe, K. (2020) The cryptic cornucopia revisited—an extended analysis of the COI gene in the gobiid fish genus Trimma (Percomorpha; Gobiiformes). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 36, 91–132. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403739
Winterbottom, R., Erdmann, M.V. & Cahyani, N.K.D. (2015) New species of Trimma (Actinopterygii, Gobiidae) from Indonesia, with comments on head papillae nomenclature. Zootaxa, 3973 (2), 201–226. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.1
Winterbottom, R., Hanner, R.H., Burridge, M. & Zur, M. (2014) A cornucopia of cryptic species—a DNA barcode analysis of the gobiid fish genus Trimma (Percomorpha, Gobiiformes). ZooKeys, 381, 79–111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.381.6445
Winterbottom, R. & Hoese, D.F. (2015) A revision of the Australian species of Trimma (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae), with descriptions of six new species and redescriptions of twenty–three valid species. Zootaxa, 3934 (1), 1–102. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3934.1.1
=========================
BKA West London Killifish Auction
3rd Molesey Scout Hut, Saint Peter's Road, West Molesey, Surrey KT8 2QE
BKA West London Killifish Auction
DetailsEvent by William King, Yonek Hleba and London Killikeepers
3rd Molesey Scout Hut, Saint Peter's Road, West Molesey, Surrey KT8 2QE
Duration: 4 hr 15 min
Public · Anyone on or off Facebook
The British Killifish Association West London Group Spring Auction
Sunday April 3rd 2022
3rd Molesey Scout Hut, St Peter’s Road, West Molesey, Surrey, KT8 2QE
(Approx. 1.5 miles west of Hampton Court Station)
The Killifish auction will be split into two sections (Red and Blue) starting at 12 noon, separated by an auction of any other fish. Booking in from 10:45 am. Please use your initials to identify your auction sheet and lots. Only pairs or groups of fish, please. There will be a 10% commission.
There will also be an ‘odds and ends’ table for single or same-sex fish, plants, live food cultures, etc. (10% commission), a raffle and free refreshments.
Entrance Fee: £3 on the door
Facebook: https://bit.ly/westlondonkilliauction
BKA: https://killis.org.uk/wp/
==========================
3rd Molesey Scout Hut, Saint Peter's Road, West Molesey, Surrey KT8 2QE
BKA West London Killifish Auction
DetailsEvent by William King, Yonek Hleba and London Killikeepers
3rd Molesey Scout Hut, Saint Peter's Road, West Molesey, Surrey KT8 2QE
Duration: 4 hr 15 min
Public · Anyone on or off Facebook
The British Killifish Association West London Group Spring Auction
Sunday April 3rd 2022
3rd Molesey Scout Hut, St Peter’s Road, West Molesey, Surrey, KT8 2QE
(Approx. 1.5 miles west of Hampton Court Station)
The Killifish auction will be split into two sections (Red and Blue) starting at 12 noon, separated by an auction of any other fish. Booking in from 10:45 am. Please use your initials to identify your auction sheet and lots. Only pairs or groups of fish, please. There will be a 10% commission.
There will also be an ‘odds and ends’ table for single or same-sex fish, plants, live food cultures, etc. (10% commission), a raffle and free refreshments.
Entrance Fee: £3 on the door
Facebook: https://bit.ly/westlondonkilliauction
BKA: https://killis.org.uk/wp/
==========================
Parosphromenus juelinae
Parosphromenus kishii
Diagnoses of two new species of Parosphromenus (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) from Bangka Island and Kalimantan, Indonesia PISCESBIODIVERSITYCONSERVATIONCYTBMTDNAPHYLOGENYPOLYMORPHISMTAXONOMY AbstractWe describe two new species of Parosphromenus from Indonesia based on morphological and molecular diagnoses. Parosphromenus juelinae, sp. nov., occurs on Bangka Island. Its unpaired fin coloration is similar to that of P. deissneri, but it differs from the latter in having a rounded caudal fin with a non-filamentous branched median ray and a smaller anal fin. Although the new species has the same caudal fin structure as P. bintan, it can be distinguished from the latter by its distinct unpaired fin coloration and the intense red color on the body flanks. Parosphromenus juelinae sp. nov., is found only in a single river system in Kalimantan Tengah. It is distinguished from all other congeners by the unique coloration of its caudal fin. A phylogenetic tree based on the cytochrome b (cytb) gene indicates that the two new species are distinct monophyletic groups constituting distinct phylogenetic branches from their congeners. Cytochrome b Genetic distances between Parosphromenus juelinae, sp. nov., and Parosphromenus kishii, sp. nov., and the other taxa in the phylogenetic tree range from 2.44% to 19.52% and from 8.65% to 17.28%, respectively.
References
- Armitage, D. (2002) Bettas & Co. von Bangka und Belitung. Das Aquarium, 397, 10–15.
Bleeker, P. (1859) Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Banka. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 18, 359–378. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144153
Brown, B. (1987) Special announcement—two new Anabantoid species. Aquarist and Pondkeeper, 1987, 34.
Cracraft, J. (1989) Speciation and Its Ontology: The Empirical Consequences of Alternative Species Concepts for Understanding Patterns and Processes of Differentiation. In: Daniel, O. & John, A.E. (Eds.), Speciation and Its Consequences, Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 28–59.
Klausewitz, W. (1955) See- und Süsswasserfische von Sumatra und Java. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 36, 309–323.
Kottelat, M. (1991) Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of some western Indonesian freshwater fishes, with diagnoses of a new genus and six new species (Pisces: Cyprinidae, Belontiidae, and Chaudhuriidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 2 (3), 273–287.
Kottelat, M. & Ng, P.K.L. (1998) Parosphromenus bintan, a new osphronemid fish from Bintan and Bangka islands, Indonesia, with redescription of P. deissneri. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 8 (3), 263–272.
Kottelat, M. & Ng, P.K.L. (2005) Diagnoses of six new species of Parosphromenus (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) from Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with notes on other species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 13, 101–113.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Linke, H. (2014) Labyrinth Fish World with 1768 selected photographs. Fish Magazine Taiwan, New Taipei City, 577 pp.
Mayden R.L. & Wood R.M. (1995) Systematics, species concepts, and the evolutionarily significant unit in biodiversity and conservation biology. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, 58–113.
Rüber, L., Britz, L., Tan, H.H., Ng, P.K.L. & Zardoyz, R. (2004) Evolution of Mouthbrooding and Life–history correlates in the fighting fish genus Betta. Evolution, 58, 799–813. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00413.x
Schaller, D. (1985) Parosphromenus nagyi spec. nov., ein neuer Prachtgurami aus Malaysia (vorläufige Mitteilung). Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 38, 301–303.
Schindler, I. & Linke, H. (2012) Two new species of the genus Parosphromenus (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) from Sumatra. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (3), 399–406.
Tan, H.H. & Ng, P.K.L. (2005) The labyrinth fishes (Teleostei: Anabantoidei, Channoidei) of Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin Zoology, Supplement 13, 115–138.
Tan, H.H. & Jongkar, G. (2020) Parosphromenus barbarae, a new species of Licorice Gourami from Sarawak, Borneo (Teleostei: Osphronemidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 70 (3), 349–356. https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ70-3-2020-07
Turner, G.F. (1999) What is a fish species? Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 9, 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008903228512
Tweedie, M. (1952) Notes on Malayan fresh–water fishes. 3, The Anabantoid fishes; 4, New and interesting records; 5, Malay names. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 24, 63–95.
Vierke, J. (1979) Ein neuer Labyrinthfisch von Borneo––Parosphromenus parvulus nov. spec. Das Aquarium, 13 (120), 247–250.
Vierke, J. (1981) Parosphromenus filamentosus n. sp. aus SO Borneo (Pisces: Belontiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 61, 363–367.
Warren, M.L. (1992) Variation of the spotted sunfish, Lepomis punctatus complex (Centrarchidae): meristics, morphometrics, pigmentation and species limits. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 12, 1–47.
Zhou, A.G., Xie, S., Wang, Z., Fan, L., Chen, Y., Ye, Q., Zeng, F. & Zou, J. (2019) Genetic diversity and geographic differentiation in Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) based on mitochondrial Cytb gene. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51 (1), 359–362. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.sc2
=========================
Editor’s Note: This is a fast-moving situation, and H.R. 4521 has reportedly been passed in the House on the morning of February 4th, 2022 (vote record here), with the problematic Lacey Act amendments in place. This article was published prior to that, and the progress of H.R. 4521 now depends on Senate actions.
via National Animal Interest Alliance (NAIA)
Author Art Parolaby Art Parola
A last-minute amendment to the COMPETES Act, H.R. 4521, was slipped in, presumably to avoid attention and pushback from the millions of Americans who will be affected, and to bypass congressional hearings. The language creates a major change to the provisions of the Lacey Act that regulate species deemed by US Fish & Wildlife Service to be injurious. While promoted under the guise of protecting the country from invasive species, the true goal of the legislative change is to ban as much of the wildlife trade as possible. Many of the organizations pushing this change oppose keeping animals in zoos, public aquariums, research facilities, and sometimes even as pets. While these organizations do not have the public support to implement their agenda outright, they have been effective in hijacking otherwise legitimate initiatives to achieve their ideological goals quietly, piece by piece.
Currently, the Lacey Act allows US Fish & Wildlife Service to promulgate rules that list species that could be injurious “to human beings, to the interests of agriculture, horticulture, forestry, or to wildlife or the wildlife resources of the United States.” Every state in the US also has legal and regulatory mechanisms for banning species that could cause harm to native species and habitats. The current federal Lacey Act list, and most state lists, are often referred to as “Black Lists.” Any species on the list is prohibited, while any species not on the list is allowed to be imported into the respective jurisdiction, sometimes with stipulations such as permit or health certificate requirements. This method of regulation is often regarded as best regulatory practice because it allows jurisdictions to prevent unwanted environmental and health threats that are relevant to their region without being overly burdensome to organizations, businesses, and individuals.
The language in the COMPETES Act would change the Lacey Act list to what is often referred to as a “White List.” If the bill passes, only species that go through an administrative rulemaking process and are found not to be a risk or an injurious species would be allowed to be imported into the United States. Any species not listed would be presumed to be injurious and would be banned from import. All species would be in essence regarded as guilty until proven innocent.
There are multiple problems with taking this regulatory approach.
First, it is impossible to prove a negative. Meeting the burden of proof to show a species would not be injurious is onerous and will require significant time and financial resources. Navigating the petition and listing process will be next to impossible for the average person, not to mention the problems in overcoming any subsequent legal challenges to listings.
The Lacey Act is a federal law, meaning if a species could be injurious anywhere in the United States including its territories and possessions, it could be considered injurious. Due to the vast differences in climate and habitats, effectively regulating potentially invasive species in Ohio or Minnesota requires evaluating drastically different criteria than in Florida or Hawaii, or Puerto Rico. However, the Lacey Act is inflexible and leaves no room for more localized regulations. If a species could be a threat in south Florida, it is deemed to be a threat in Minnesota as well. Therefore, rules to prevent invasive species are most effective when implemented at the state level and not as a one size fits all approach for the entirety of the country.
“White Lists” also create enforcement problems. With a “Black List,” law enforcement primarily needs to be able to identify protected and banned species. Even in these cases, law enforcement can have difficulty and federal regulations ban imports of some species solely based on similarity of appearance to another protected or banned species. The only purpose of these bans are regulatory agencies perceive it would otherwise be difficult for law enforcement personnel to implement the law. This can lead to extremes. For example, Pennsylvania bans all crayfish species. This law is primarily an attempt to prevent invasions of rusty crayfish and a few other cold-water species that legitimately threaten native ecosystems. However, this also means the orange dwarf Mexican crayfish, a popular tropical aquarium species, is banned. An ecological risk screening by US Fish & Wildlife Service gives the species a climate match score of 0 (the lowest score possible and a key indicator that the species presents no invasion risk) for the entire state of Pennsylvania. There is also little to no risk of confusing an orange dwarf Mexican crayfish with species that would actually harm the state’s aquatic ecology. Despite no reasonable purpose for banning the species in Pennsylvania, keeping orange Mexican dwarf crayfish is a crime at the state level, and could even become a federal felony if prosecuted under criminal provisions of federal law pertaining to state, tribal, and foreign wildlife violations.
Mexican dwarf orange crayfish (Cambarellus patzcuarensis), a victim of wholesale banning of all crayfish in Pennsylvania despite presenting no risk of invasion within the state. Image credit: Brambo/ShutterstockWhile “Black Lists” create some regulatory difficulties such as this, these issues are exponentially aggravated when implementing a white list, as practical enforcement of a white list will require law enforcement officials to reliably identify every species, whether listed or not. This is impossible, as millions of species exist on planet earth. Therefore, it is likely species that present effectively no risk of actually being injurious would be excluded from the “White List” due to a perceived burden on law enforcement, whether reasonable or not. Even worse, these regulations would apply across the entire US and not be confined to any single state.
Not only do species identification issues lead to overarching bans on otherwise non-injurious species, but problems can arise even when species are completely legal. Customs officials and wildlife inspection agents at ports of entry are tasked with clearing shipments of wildlife imported from abroad. Often, getting the shipments cleared and to their final destination as quickly as possible is paramount for the health and welfare of the animals. Misidentifications and mistakes by inspectors can lead to holding and seizure of perfectly legal shipments, resulting in significant stress on the animals being transported. This already can be an issue within the current regulatory framework. But moving from a current Lacey Act “Black List” to a “White List” would result in even more instances of mistakenly held and seized shipments due to the increased complexity for custom officials and inspection agents. This will significantly increase the cost of enforcement and reduce animal welfare by potentially prolonging transit times.
The proposed legislation would not only significantly impact importation of animals into the United States, but also limit transportation of animals between states. Due to a 2017 D.C. Court of Appeals ruling, species listed as injurious under the Lacey Act can be moved across state lines in accordance with state laws (though many states already ban relevant Lacey Act “Black Listed” species that pose a threat to their native ecology considering their state’s respective climate and habitats).
The COMPETES Act would override the court ruling and outlaw interstate transport of all species considered injurious under the Lacey Act. Since every species not on the “White List” would be considered injurious, the proposed Lacey Act white list would not only prevent imports of most species into the US from abroad, but also ban movement between states. While animals possessed before the implementation of the white list would still likely be allowed to be kept under state law, unless the species is lucky enough to make it onto the proposed Lacey Act “White List,” transporting across state lines for any reason, whether because of a move, selling or gifting animals, or even taking an animal temporarily to another state for medical care (a common occurrence for fish, reptile, amphibian, and bird keepers, since finding a veterinarian specializing in treating non-mammals can sometimes be difficult) could result in federal prosecution.
Prosecution under the Lacey Act can be severe and heavy-handed. Each violation can be prosecuted as a federal felony with a maximum punishment of $20,000 and/or five years imprisonment. Additional civil penalties could also be levied.
Changes proposed in the COMPETE Act will affect bird keepers, reptile and amphibian enthusiasts, and any other organization, business, or person who works with non-native wildlife. The definition of “wildlife” covers almost every animal, no matter how many generations it may be removed from its wild counterparts, with very few exceptions aside from dogs and cats. The consequences for reptile and amphibian keepers, bird owners, aquarists, and other pet owners if the COMPETES Act passes will be severe. This means every reptile, amphibian, arachnid, bird, fish, coral, and invertebrate will be subject to the new restrictions, whether captive-bred, ranched, farmed, aquacultured, maricultured, or collected from a wild source or fishery. With more than 10,000 species of birds, reptiles, amphibians, arachnids, fish, corals, and invertebrates kept by hobbyists and in the trade, it is likely only a small fraction of species would initially be able to overcome the onerous listing process on the “White List.” The process of petitioning to add species to the “White List” will be costly and time-consuming, and likely be challenged in court by well-funded animal rights organizations, resulting in long and costly delays, if successful at all. Most species will likely be considered injurious without any reason other than an unsurmountable burden of proving otherwise. For species that do manage to make it onto the “White List,” prices will likely rise significantly. Undescribed and newly discovered species will almost certainly cease to exist in the American hobby and trade. Even domestic captive breeding, aquaculture, and fisheries will be severely curtailed as companies and individuals will, for the most part, be limited solely to the “White Listed” species. For all intents and purposes, this legislation will dramatically change the hobby and pet trade as we know it, resulting in significantly reduced availability of species, diminished interest in pet keeping, severe retraction in the size of the industry resulting in substantial job losses, both in the US and abroad, and an extreme reduction in the scientific, economic, cultural, educational, and conservation benefits of the bird, reptile, amphibian, and aquarium hobbies and trade.
Let your congress member know your views on this amendment to the COMPETES Act, H.R. 4521. To contact your US Representative, please visit the NAIATrust.org website, sign up here, and find your representative here and drop him or her a short note with your position.
###
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via National Animal Interest Alliance (NAIA)
Author Art Parolaby Art Parola
A last-minute amendment to the COMPETES Act, H.R. 4521, was slipped in, presumably to avoid attention and pushback from the millions of Americans who will be affected, and to bypass congressional hearings. The language creates a major change to the provisions of the Lacey Act that regulate species deemed by US Fish & Wildlife Service to be injurious. While promoted under the guise of protecting the country from invasive species, the true goal of the legislative change is to ban as much of the wildlife trade as possible. Many of the organizations pushing this change oppose keeping animals in zoos, public aquariums, research facilities, and sometimes even as pets. While these organizations do not have the public support to implement their agenda outright, they have been effective in hijacking otherwise legitimate initiatives to achieve their ideological goals quietly, piece by piece.
Currently, the Lacey Act allows US Fish & Wildlife Service to promulgate rules that list species that could be injurious “to human beings, to the interests of agriculture, horticulture, forestry, or to wildlife or the wildlife resources of the United States.” Every state in the US also has legal and regulatory mechanisms for banning species that could cause harm to native species and habitats. The current federal Lacey Act list, and most state lists, are often referred to as “Black Lists.” Any species on the list is prohibited, while any species not on the list is allowed to be imported into the respective jurisdiction, sometimes with stipulations such as permit or health certificate requirements. This method of regulation is often regarded as best regulatory practice because it allows jurisdictions to prevent unwanted environmental and health threats that are relevant to their region without being overly burdensome to organizations, businesses, and individuals.
The language in the COMPETES Act would change the Lacey Act list to what is often referred to as a “White List.” If the bill passes, only species that go through an administrative rulemaking process and are found not to be a risk or an injurious species would be allowed to be imported into the United States. Any species not listed would be presumed to be injurious and would be banned from import. All species would be in essence regarded as guilty until proven innocent.
There are multiple problems with taking this regulatory approach.
First, it is impossible to prove a negative. Meeting the burden of proof to show a species would not be injurious is onerous and will require significant time and financial resources. Navigating the petition and listing process will be next to impossible for the average person, not to mention the problems in overcoming any subsequent legal challenges to listings.
The Lacey Act is a federal law, meaning if a species could be injurious anywhere in the United States including its territories and possessions, it could be considered injurious. Due to the vast differences in climate and habitats, effectively regulating potentially invasive species in Ohio or Minnesota requires evaluating drastically different criteria than in Florida or Hawaii, or Puerto Rico. However, the Lacey Act is inflexible and leaves no room for more localized regulations. If a species could be a threat in south Florida, it is deemed to be a threat in Minnesota as well. Therefore, rules to prevent invasive species are most effective when implemented at the state level and not as a one size fits all approach for the entirety of the country.
“White Lists” also create enforcement problems. With a “Black List,” law enforcement primarily needs to be able to identify protected and banned species. Even in these cases, law enforcement can have difficulty and federal regulations ban imports of some species solely based on similarity of appearance to another protected or banned species. The only purpose of these bans are regulatory agencies perceive it would otherwise be difficult for law enforcement personnel to implement the law. This can lead to extremes. For example, Pennsylvania bans all crayfish species. This law is primarily an attempt to prevent invasions of rusty crayfish and a few other cold-water species that legitimately threaten native ecosystems. However, this also means the orange dwarf Mexican crayfish, a popular tropical aquarium species, is banned. An ecological risk screening by US Fish & Wildlife Service gives the species a climate match score of 0 (the lowest score possible and a key indicator that the species presents no invasion risk) for the entire state of Pennsylvania. There is also little to no risk of confusing an orange dwarf Mexican crayfish with species that would actually harm the state’s aquatic ecology. Despite no reasonable purpose for banning the species in Pennsylvania, keeping orange Mexican dwarf crayfish is a crime at the state level, and could even become a federal felony if prosecuted under criminal provisions of federal law pertaining to state, tribal, and foreign wildlife violations.
Mexican dwarf orange crayfish (Cambarellus patzcuarensis), a victim of wholesale banning of all crayfish in Pennsylvania despite presenting no risk of invasion within the state. Image credit: Brambo/ShutterstockWhile “Black Lists” create some regulatory difficulties such as this, these issues are exponentially aggravated when implementing a white list, as practical enforcement of a white list will require law enforcement officials to reliably identify every species, whether listed or not. This is impossible, as millions of species exist on planet earth. Therefore, it is likely species that present effectively no risk of actually being injurious would be excluded from the “White List” due to a perceived burden on law enforcement, whether reasonable or not. Even worse, these regulations would apply across the entire US and not be confined to any single state.
Not only do species identification issues lead to overarching bans on otherwise non-injurious species, but problems can arise even when species are completely legal. Customs officials and wildlife inspection agents at ports of entry are tasked with clearing shipments of wildlife imported from abroad. Often, getting the shipments cleared and to their final destination as quickly as possible is paramount for the health and welfare of the animals. Misidentifications and mistakes by inspectors can lead to holding and seizure of perfectly legal shipments, resulting in significant stress on the animals being transported. This already can be an issue within the current regulatory framework. But moving from a current Lacey Act “Black List” to a “White List” would result in even more instances of mistakenly held and seized shipments due to the increased complexity for custom officials and inspection agents. This will significantly increase the cost of enforcement and reduce animal welfare by potentially prolonging transit times.
The proposed legislation would not only significantly impact importation of animals into the United States, but also limit transportation of animals between states. Due to a 2017 D.C. Court of Appeals ruling, species listed as injurious under the Lacey Act can be moved across state lines in accordance with state laws (though many states already ban relevant Lacey Act “Black Listed” species that pose a threat to their native ecology considering their state’s respective climate and habitats).
The COMPETES Act would override the court ruling and outlaw interstate transport of all species considered injurious under the Lacey Act. Since every species not on the “White List” would be considered injurious, the proposed Lacey Act white list would not only prevent imports of most species into the US from abroad, but also ban movement between states. While animals possessed before the implementation of the white list would still likely be allowed to be kept under state law, unless the species is lucky enough to make it onto the proposed Lacey Act “White List,” transporting across state lines for any reason, whether because of a move, selling or gifting animals, or even taking an animal temporarily to another state for medical care (a common occurrence for fish, reptile, amphibian, and bird keepers, since finding a veterinarian specializing in treating non-mammals can sometimes be difficult) could result in federal prosecution.
Prosecution under the Lacey Act can be severe and heavy-handed. Each violation can be prosecuted as a federal felony with a maximum punishment of $20,000 and/or five years imprisonment. Additional civil penalties could also be levied.
Changes proposed in the COMPETE Act will affect bird keepers, reptile and amphibian enthusiasts, and any other organization, business, or person who works with non-native wildlife. The definition of “wildlife” covers almost every animal, no matter how many generations it may be removed from its wild counterparts, with very few exceptions aside from dogs and cats. The consequences for reptile and amphibian keepers, bird owners, aquarists, and other pet owners if the COMPETES Act passes will be severe. This means every reptile, amphibian, arachnid, bird, fish, coral, and invertebrate will be subject to the new restrictions, whether captive-bred, ranched, farmed, aquacultured, maricultured, or collected from a wild source or fishery. With more than 10,000 species of birds, reptiles, amphibians, arachnids, fish, corals, and invertebrates kept by hobbyists and in the trade, it is likely only a small fraction of species would initially be able to overcome the onerous listing process on the “White List.” The process of petitioning to add species to the “White List” will be costly and time-consuming, and likely be challenged in court by well-funded animal rights organizations, resulting in long and costly delays, if successful at all. Most species will likely be considered injurious without any reason other than an unsurmountable burden of proving otherwise. For species that do manage to make it onto the “White List,” prices will likely rise significantly. Undescribed and newly discovered species will almost certainly cease to exist in the American hobby and trade. Even domestic captive breeding, aquaculture, and fisheries will be severely curtailed as companies and individuals will, for the most part, be limited solely to the “White Listed” species. For all intents and purposes, this legislation will dramatically change the hobby and pet trade as we know it, resulting in significantly reduced availability of species, diminished interest in pet keeping, severe retraction in the size of the industry resulting in substantial job losses, both in the US and abroad, and an extreme reduction in the scientific, economic, cultural, educational, and conservation benefits of the bird, reptile, amphibian, and aquarium hobbies and trade.
Let your congress member know your views on this amendment to the COMPETES Act, H.R. 4521. To contact your US Representative, please visit the NAIATrust.org website, sign up here, and find your representative here and drop him or her a short note with your position.
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Related Terms:
7comments
7 Comments
- Nick Boris
February 04, 2022Maybe a bit of optimism here. The version of the bill referenced in this article (and on most congressional websites) is the original version from January 25th. The rules committee went through the amendment process and appears to have stricken all amendments to the Lacey Act.You can find the list of amendments here: https://rules.house.gov/bill/117/hr-4521. Line 252 withdrew Lacey Act amendments. Amendment 599 strikes the entire section.
“599 Version 1 Crawford (AR) Republican Late Strikes Sec. 71102 – Lacey Act amendments.”
reply- Matt Pedersen
February 04, 2022That was a late proposal, it does not appear to have been accepted. All reports are that the bill will head to the Senate with the Lacey Act provisions.
reply- Matt Pedersen
February 04, 2022(and for the record, I would love to be wrong about that, but I think it important to consider how quickly this came out of nowhere, and thus how quickly the entire aquarium hobby as we know it could be turned upside down).
reply- Nick Boris
February 04, 2022I hope you’re wrong too!
I did speak with someone in my local rep’s office yesterday. She’s the one that alerted me to the Lacey Act amendments being withdrawn.
From a realistic perspective, I have a hard time believing Congress would decimate an entire industry with a bill designed to help American business. Knocking every local fish store out of business seems like bad press.
reply- Thomas Roewer
February 04, 2022Do you have a link to the version of the bill that passed?
reply - Matt Pedersen
February 04, 2022Thomas, I don’t think that actually exists at the moment. What I can say is that this is what people are pointing to, which has the Lacey Act changes in place. The one proposal to remove that section is just that…a submission, but to the best of my knowledge was not adopted. I would love to say “here is the bill in the final form” and if I can find that, I will certainly add it. But for now, this is what we have: https://rules.house.gov/sites/democrats.rules.house.gov/files/BILLS-117HR4521RH-RCP117-31.pdf
reply
- Thomas Roewer
- Nick Boris
- Matt Pedersen
- Matt Pedersen
- mark
February 04, 2022it is unfair to ban fish and corals because you lack the funds or cannot come up with an oversite department to control over fishing or poching. legislation has the money to fund these departments and refuses to because there is of no financial interest to them. if you were talking about banning all guns or oil or gold then you would never hear about any of these things happenning. - Found in Coral Magazine
=========================
ARTICLE
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5092.3.5
PUBLISHED: 2022-01-20
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, a new species of catshark from the Izu Islands, Japan (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)
PISCESSCYLIORHINUS TORAZAMESCYLIORHINUS HACHIJOENSIS SP. NOV.CHONDRICHTHYESMORPHOLOGYAbstractA new species of catshark genus Scyliorhinus, S. hachijoensis sp. nov., is described for the islands of Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Torishima in southeastern Japan. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis has clasper hooks, which is a common feature in males of the most closely related species (S. torazame), but is distinguished by its coloration (presence of dark spots), the height of its anal fin (higher than the caudal peduncle), and the shape of pectoral and pelvic fins, and dermal denticles. Molecular data also corroborates the new species as a distinct and monophyletic taxon by nucleotide sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA regions.
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5092.3.5
PUBLISHED: 2022-01-20
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, a new species of catshark from the Izu Islands, Japan (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)
PISCESSCYLIORHINUS TORAZAMESCYLIORHINUS HACHIJOENSIS SP. NOV.CHONDRICHTHYESMORPHOLOGYAbstractA new species of catshark genus Scyliorhinus, S. hachijoensis sp. nov., is described for the islands of Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Torishima in southeastern Japan. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis has clasper hooks, which is a common feature in males of the most closely related species (S. torazame), but is distinguished by its coloration (presence of dark spots), the height of its anal fin (higher than the caudal peduncle), and the shape of pectoral and pelvic fins, and dermal denticles. Molecular data also corroborates the new species as a distinct and monophyletic taxon by nucleotide sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA regions.
==========================
Squatina mapama • A New Cryptic Species of Angel Shark (Elasmobranchii: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) from the southwestern Caribbean Sea
Squatina mapama
Long, Ebert, Tavera, Acero P. & Robertson, 2021
Small-crested Angelshark | angelote de cresta pequeña || DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5806693
coralreeffish.com STRI.SI.edu
Integrating both morphological and genetic data, we describe Squatina mapama, a new species of the angel shark genus Squatina, found on the upper continental slope off the Caribbean coast of Panamá. Distinguishing characters of S. mapama include a wider pectoral and pelvic span; a shorter head length; a narrower mouth; short fringed nasal flaps and barbels; a few large denticles on top of the head; a single dorsal midline row of slightly enlarged denticles from the level of the posterior insertion of the pelvic fin to the first dorsal fin and continuing past the first dorsal fin to the second dorsal-fin origin; and the presence of smaller scattered spots in males, which, in combination, allow separation of this new species from the closely related and sympatric species Squatina david. The new species can be distinguished from all other currently recognized Squatina species by meristic and morphometric measures, as well as by sequence differences in the mtDNA COI marker. Phylogenetic analysis shows Squatina mapama n. sp. to be a basal member of a small clade of western Atlantic Squatina species that includes Squatina occulta, Squatina guggenheim, and S. david, which likely evolved in the late Oligocene or Miocene period. We also report a western range extension of S. david from Colombia to the western Caribbean coast of Panamá.
Key words: taxonomy, ichthyology, fishes, Atlantic Ocean, Panama, phylogenetics, clades, DNA barcodes
Diagnosis. A Squatina species with a combination of: a single row of slightly enlarged dermal denticles along dorsal midline extending between level just anterior of posterior insertion of pelvic fins and anterior base of first dorsal fin and continuing rearwards along dorsal ridge of tail between first and second dorsal fins; a few large denticles on top of head; nasal flap squared with a fine fringe on ventral edge; two short lateral barbels bluntly rounded also with a fine fringed margin; males with a dorsal color pattern of small, scattered, dark spots distributed over a uniform light-brown background; pectoral-fin span 52.0–58.1% TL; pelvic-fin span 30.7–31.0 % TL; pre-pectoral-fin length 19.4–19.8% TL; trunk width 18.1–19.5% TL; head length 16.5–17.5% TL; spiracle length 2.2–2.3% TL; eye-to-spiracle length 2.2–5.0 % TL; mouth width 10.5–12.1% TL; nostril width 1.6–2.3% TL; snout-to-pectoral distance 19.4–19.8%; spiracle width 2.2–2.3% TL; pectoral-fin inner margins 17.5–18.3%.
Etymology. The specific epithet mapama refers to the acronym MAPAMA, the Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, which is the Spanish governmental organization that operates the R/V Miguel Oliver. This name recognizes the support of MAPAMA for the research cruises to Central and South America that facilitated the capture of this angelshark, and other new species of deepwater fishes on both sides of the Central American isthmus (Vázquez et al. 2015, Concha et al. 2016, Robertson et al. 2017).
Suggested common name of Small-crested Angelshark or angelote de cresta pequeña is in reference to the short and narrow median line of small dermal denticles
Douglas J. Long, David A. Ebert, Jose Tavera, Arturo Acero P. and Ross Robertson. 2021. Squatina mapama n. sp., A New Cryptic Species of Angel Shark (Elasmobranchii: Squatinidae) from the southwestern Caribbean Sea Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 38, 113-130. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5806693
coralreeffish.com/OSFweb/josf38h.html coralreeffish.com/OSFweb/josf.html
STRI.SI.edu/story/new-shark-species
==========================
Squatina mapama
Long, Ebert, Tavera, Acero P. & Robertson, 2021
Small-crested Angelshark | angelote de cresta pequeña || DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5806693
coralreeffish.com STRI.SI.edu
Integrating both morphological and genetic data, we describe Squatina mapama, a new species of the angel shark genus Squatina, found on the upper continental slope off the Caribbean coast of Panamá. Distinguishing characters of S. mapama include a wider pectoral and pelvic span; a shorter head length; a narrower mouth; short fringed nasal flaps and barbels; a few large denticles on top of the head; a single dorsal midline row of slightly enlarged denticles from the level of the posterior insertion of the pelvic fin to the first dorsal fin and continuing past the first dorsal fin to the second dorsal-fin origin; and the presence of smaller scattered spots in males, which, in combination, allow separation of this new species from the closely related and sympatric species Squatina david. The new species can be distinguished from all other currently recognized Squatina species by meristic and morphometric measures, as well as by sequence differences in the mtDNA COI marker. Phylogenetic analysis shows Squatina mapama n. sp. to be a basal member of a small clade of western Atlantic Squatina species that includes Squatina occulta, Squatina guggenheim, and S. david, which likely evolved in the late Oligocene or Miocene period. We also report a western range extension of S. david from Colombia to the western Caribbean coast of Panamá.
Key words: taxonomy, ichthyology, fishes, Atlantic Ocean, Panama, phylogenetics, clades, DNA barcodes
Diagnosis. A Squatina species with a combination of: a single row of slightly enlarged dermal denticles along dorsal midline extending between level just anterior of posterior insertion of pelvic fins and anterior base of first dorsal fin and continuing rearwards along dorsal ridge of tail between first and second dorsal fins; a few large denticles on top of head; nasal flap squared with a fine fringe on ventral edge; two short lateral barbels bluntly rounded also with a fine fringed margin; males with a dorsal color pattern of small, scattered, dark spots distributed over a uniform light-brown background; pectoral-fin span 52.0–58.1% TL; pelvic-fin span 30.7–31.0 % TL; pre-pectoral-fin length 19.4–19.8% TL; trunk width 18.1–19.5% TL; head length 16.5–17.5% TL; spiracle length 2.2–2.3% TL; eye-to-spiracle length 2.2–5.0 % TL; mouth width 10.5–12.1% TL; nostril width 1.6–2.3% TL; snout-to-pectoral distance 19.4–19.8%; spiracle width 2.2–2.3% TL; pectoral-fin inner margins 17.5–18.3%.
Etymology. The specific epithet mapama refers to the acronym MAPAMA, the Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, which is the Spanish governmental organization that operates the R/V Miguel Oliver. This name recognizes the support of MAPAMA for the research cruises to Central and South America that facilitated the capture of this angelshark, and other new species of deepwater fishes on both sides of the Central American isthmus (Vázquez et al. 2015, Concha et al. 2016, Robertson et al. 2017).
Suggested common name of Small-crested Angelshark or angelote de cresta pequeña is in reference to the short and narrow median line of small dermal denticles
Douglas J. Long, David A. Ebert, Jose Tavera, Arturo Acero P. and Ross Robertson. 2021. Squatina mapama n. sp., A New Cryptic Species of Angel Shark (Elasmobranchii: Squatinidae) from the southwestern Caribbean Sea Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 38, 113-130. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5806693
coralreeffish.com/OSFweb/josf38h.html coralreeffish.com/OSFweb/josf.html
STRI.SI.edu/story/new-shark-species
==========================
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov., a new blind loach
species from a cave in China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov., a new blind loach species
from the family Nemacheilidae, is described based on
specimens collected from a subterranean river in Xuanwei
City, Yunnan Province, China. The new species can be
distinguished from all known congeners by a combination of
the following characters: eyes absent, dorsal-fin origin anterior
to pelvic-fin origin, tip of pelvic fin reaching anus, dorsal fin
with 7–8 branched rays, caudal fin forked with 16–18
branched rays, body scaleless and colorless, lateral line
complete, and posterior chamber of air bladder well developed
and connected to anterior chamber by long, slender tube.
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on the
cytochrome b (cyt b) gene placed Triplophysa xuanweiensis
sp. nov. in a well-supported clade with seven other species of
the genus, and three specimens of the new species formed a
monophyletic group, consistent with morphological
comparisons.
Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 is one of the largest genera in
Cypriniformes, containing 147 valid species (Froese & Pauly,
2021). Triplophysa species are distributed from the Qinghai-
Xizang Plateau into North China, Central Asia, and the
Himalayas (Li, 2018). Most fish in the genus inhabit high
plateau or mountainous areas, with some species also
exhibiting cave-dwelling behavior (Li, 2018; Ma et al., 2019).
Triplophysa is the largest genus of freshwater fish in China
and includes 102 species (Zhang et al., 2020). Up to now, all
identified cave-dwelling species of Triplophysa are reported
from China (Ma et al., 2019).
Caves are considered extreme environments for animals
due to the lack of sunlight. As such, cave-dwelling fish have
evolved a suite of morphological adaptations to cope with their
extreme environment. These troglomorphic traits include
reduction or loss of eyes, pigmentation, scales, and swim
bladders, as well as enhancement of mechano- and chemosensation
and elongation of fin rays (Zhao et al., 2011).
Cavefish can thus be assigned into two morphological types,
i.e., stygobite/typical and stygophile/atypical cavefish,
according to the presence of troglomorphic characters (Zhao
et al., 2011).
China has more than 148 cavefish species, half of which are
classified as stygobites (Ma et al., 2019). There are 198
stygobite species worldwide, which are found on every
continent but Antarctica (Niemiller et al., 2019). Nearly 40% of
the total number of stygobiotic species are found in China,
more than any other country (Ma et al., 2019; Niemiller et al.,
2019). These cavefish are mainly distributed in the South
China Karst region, which is the largest continuous karst area
and one of the most spectacular examples of humid tropical to
subtropical karst landscapes in the world (Zhao et al., 2011).
Caves are the dominant habitat in the region, harboring a
substantial diversity of organisms adapted to life underground,
including distinctive cavefish.
In April 2018, 16 specimens of an undescribed blind loach
were collected from a cave in Xinle Village, Tangtang Town,
Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China, which is
interconnected with the Beipan River system, a tributary of the
Hongshui River in the Pearl River drainage. After comparing
the morphological characters to all known closely-related
species, we determined the specimens to be a new species
within the genus Triplophysa.
Detailed information on comparative material is provided in
Supplementary Text. Counts and proportional measurements
followed Li (2018). All measurements were taken point-topoint
with digital calipers to 0.1 mm. Morphometric and
meristic data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft
Excel.
Total DNA was extracted from tissues using a TIANamp
Marine Animals DNA Kit (Tiangen, China) according to the
manufacturer’s protocols. A fragment of the mitochondrial
Received: 30 November 2021; Accepted: 24 January 2022; Online: 24
January 2022
Foundation items: This study was supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (31972868)
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright ©2022 Editorial Office of Zoological Research, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lu et al. Zool. Res. 2022, 43(2): 221−224
https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.310
gene coding for cyt b was amplified following the method
described by Huang et al. (2020). Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) mixtures contained 5 μL of PCR buffer (×10), 5 μL of
2 mmol/L deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP), 2.5 μL of
2 μmol/L primers, 0.5 μL of Taq DNA polymerase, 1.0 μL of
extracted DNA, and 36 μL of H2O. The PCR thermal cycle
profile included: 5 min at 94 °C, followed by 35 cycles of 45 s
at 94 °C, 30 s at 54 °C, 1 min at 72 °C, and final extension of
7 min at 72 °C.
The mitochondrial cyt b gene sequences of 15 other species
in the genus Barbatula Linck, 1 790 and Triplophysa were
obtained from GenBank (Supplementary Table S1). Alignment
of the mitochondrial cyt b sequences was performed using the
Clustal W algorithm in MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018), along
with manual checks for inconsistencies. Phylogenetic
reconstructions were performed using maximum-likelihood
(ML) with the General Time Reversible model (Nei & Kumar,
2000), with 1 000 bootstrap replicates.
Taxonomy
Triplophysa xuanweiensis Lu, Li, Mao et Zhao, sp. nov.
(Figure 1A–F; Supplementary Table S2)
Holotype: ASIZB 223816, 68.6 mm standard length (SL),
Xinle Village, Tangtang Town, Xuanwei City, Yunnan
Province, China, Beipan River system, a tributary of the
Hongshui River; N26°32 ′44 ″, E104°08 ′01 ″, collected by Z.M.
Lu, W.N. Mao, W.J. Lü, G. Huang, T.K. Xu, April 2018.
Paratypes: ASIZB 223817-223831 (15 specimens), 21.7–85.5
mm SL; same collection information as holotype.
Diagnosis: The new species, along with Triplophysa
erythraea Liu & Huang, 2019, T. fengshanensis Lan, 2013, T.
rosa Chen & Yang, 2005, T. xiangxiensis (Yang, Yuan & Liao,
1986), T. anshuiensis Wu, Wei, Lan & Du, 2018, T. gejiuensis
(Chu & Chen, 1979), T. langpingensis Yang, 2013, T.
shilinensis (Chu & Yang, 1992), and T. qiubeiensis Li & Yang,
2008, differs from all other congeners by eyes absent (vs.
eyes present). Among these blind loaches, the new species
can be distinguished from T. erythraea and T. fengshanensis
by dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin origin (vs. dorsal-fin
origin opposite to pelvic-fin origin), from T. rosa and T.
xiangxiensis by pectoral-fin not reaching pelvic-fin origin (vs.
pectoral-fin reaching or beyond pelvic-fin origin), from T.
anshuiensis by 16–18 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 14), from
T. gejiuensis by pelvic fin reaching anus (vs. pelvic fin not
reaching anus), from T. langpingensis by adipose crest absent
(vs. adipose crest well developed), and from T. shilinensis and
T. qiubeiensis by posterior chamber of air bladder well
developed (vs. posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated).
Description: General body features in Figure 1A–D. Meristic
and morphometric data for new species and comparative
material are provided in Supplementary Table S2.
Body elongated and cylindrical, posterior portion gradually
compressed from dorsal fin to caudal-fin base. Dorsal profile
slightly convex from snout to dorsal-fin insertion, then straight
from posterior portion of dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base.
Ventral profile flat. Greatest body depth anterior of dorsal-fin
origin.
Head slightly depressed and flattened, width greater than
depth. Snout slightly pointed. Eyes absent. Anterior and
posterior nostrils adjacently located, anterior nostril forming
valve, end of valve elongated to form short barbel extending
beyond posterior margin of posterior nostrils, posterior nostril
round (Figure 1E). Mouth inferior and curved; mouth corner
situated below anterior nostril, lips thick, upper lip smooth,
lower lip with V-type median notch (Figure 1F). Three pairs of
barbels; inner rostral barbel shortest, ~8.2%–29.4% of head
length, outer rostral barbel longest, extending to mouth corner,
maxillary barbel length ~8.2%–46.0% of head length.
Dorsal fin emarginated, origin closer to tip of snout than to
caudal-fin base, anterior to vertical line at pelvic-fin origin; first
branched ray longest, slightly shorter than head length. Analfin
origin separated from anus by short distance, fin short with
5 branched rays. Pectoral fin moderately developed, tip
reaching mid-point between pectoral and pelvic fin origins.
Pelvic-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin origin, vertically aligned
with second branched ray of dorsal fin, pelvic-fin tip reaching
to anus. Caudal fin forked, with 17–18 branched rays, upper
lobe slightly longer than lower one, tips blunt.
Body entirely smooth and scaleless. Lateral line complete
and straight, ending at caudal-fin base. Two air bladder
chambers, posterior chamber of air bladder well developed
and connected to anterior chamber by long, slender tube.
Coloration: Live fish semi-translucent and pale pink, without
skin pigment, all fins hyaline (Figure 1D). Whole body
yellowish white after fixation in alcohol, fins yellowish and
translucent.
Distribution: The new species is known only from a cave
located in Xinle Village, Tangtang Town, Xuanwei City, Beipan
River system, a tributary of the Hongshui River (Figure 1H).
Etymology: The species name is derived from the city,
Xuanwei, where the cave is located. The Chinese common
name for this species is “ 宣威盲高原鳅”, which means
Xuanwei blind high-plateau loach.
Genetic comparisons: ML phylogenetic analysis (Figure 1G)
based on the mitochondrial cyt b gene showed that
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. and 10 other cavedwelling
species of Triplophysa formed a clade with 100%
bootstrap support, which was sister to the group composed of
four non-cave-dwelling species of Triplophysa. Three
specimens of the new species formed a monophyletic group,
consistent with morphological comparisons. Furthermore, the
interspecific genetic distances for cyt b between Triplophysa
xuanweiensis sp. nov. and its congeners were all greater than
12% (Supplementary Table S3). Therefore, we confirmed
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. as a new species of the
genus Triplophysa.
Remarks: Li (2018) reviewed all nemacheilid cavefish from
China and placed Triplophysa dongganensis Yang, 2013, T.
huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan, 2011, T. jiarongensis Lin, Li
& Song, 2012, T. lihuensis Wu, Yang & Lan, 2012, T.
lingyunensis (Liao, Wang & Luo, 1997), and T. longibarbatus
(Chen, Yang, Sket & Algancic, 1998) into the genus
Troglonectes, which was followed by Huang et al. (2020) and
Zhao et al. (2021). With the new species described herein,
Triplophysa currently contains 29 cave-dwelling species, 13 of
which are classified as stygophile/atypical type as they do not
show any troglomorphic traits, including T. baotianensis Li, Li,
222 www.zoores.ac.cn
Liu & Li, 2018, T. guizhouensis Wu, He, Yang & Du, 2018, T.
huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012, T. longipectoralis
Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009, T. longliensis Ren, Yang &
Chen, 2012, T. nandanensis Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995, T.
nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001, T. sanduensis Chen & Peng,
2019, T. tianxingensis Yang, Li & Chen, 2016, T. wulongensis
Chen, Sheraliev, Shu & Peng, 2021, T. xiangshuingensis Li,
2004, T. yunnanensis Yang, 1990, and T. zhenfengensis
Wang & Li, 2001. However, the new species can be assigned
to the stygobite/typical type based on a series of troglomorphic
characteristics, such as loss of eyes, pigmentation, and
scales.
There are 16 stygobite species of Triplophysa
(Supplementary Table S4): Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp.
nov., T. aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000, T. anshuiensis, T. erythraea,
T. fengshanensis, T. gejiuensis, T. langpingensis, T.
luochengensis Li, Lan Chen & Du, 2017, T. macrocephala
Yang, Wu & Yang, 2012, T. qiubeiensis, T. rosa, T.
shilinensis, T. tianeensis Li, Li, Lan & Du, 2004, T. tianlinensis
Li, Li, Lan & Du, 2017, T. xiangxiensis, and T. xichouensis Liu,
Pan, Yang & Chen, 2017. Among them, T. aluensis, T.
luochengensis, T. macrocephala, T. tianeensis, T. tianlinensis,
and T. xichouensis have small eyes or eye-dots. Therefore,
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. can be easily
distinguished from the above species by its lack of eyes.
All remaining eyeless loaches, including the new species,
share the following morphological characters: lateral line
complete and body scaleless and colorless. However,
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. differs from T. erythraea
and T. fengshanensis by dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin
origin (vs. dorsal-fin origin opposite to pelvic-fin origin), from T.
erythraea by anal-fin origin separated from anus (vs. anal-fin
origin close to anus), and from T. fengshanensis by smooth
lips (vs. lips with shallow furrows). Triplophysa xuanweiensis
sp. nov. can be distinguished from T. rosa and T. xiangxiensis
by shorter pectoral fin (10.8%–21.7% of SL, not reaching
pelvic-fin origin vs. 24.7%–31.1% of SL, reaching pelvic-fin
origin, and 23.1%–35.5% of SL, extending beyond pelvic fin
origin, respectively). The new species can be distinguished
from T. anshuiensis, T. gejiuensis, T. langpingensis, and T.
shilinensis by anterior nostril not forming barbel-like tube (vs.
anterior nostril prolonged as barbel-like tube). The new
species can be further distinguished from T. anshuiensis by
16–18 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 14), from T. gejiuensis by
compressed pelvic-fin tip reaching anus (vs. tip of compressed
pelvic fin not reaching anus), from T. langpingensis by adipose
crest absent (vs. adipose crests well developed on caudal
peduncle), and from T. shilinensis by developed posterior air
Figure 1 Photos, distribution, and phylogenetic position of Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov.
A: Lateral view (holotype, 68.6 mm standard length). B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view. D: Live fish. E: Lateral view of head. F: Dorsal view of head.
G: ML phylogenetic tree of Triplophysa species and two outgroup species of Barbatula using mitochondrial cyt b gene sequences ( “*”: Cavedwelling
species of Triplophysa). H: Type locality of Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov.
Zoological Research 43(2): 221−224, 2022 223
bladder chamber (vs. posterior chamber degenerated).
Triplophysa qiubeiensis is the most similar species to
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov., and shares the following
characteristics: body elongated, scaleless and colorless, eye
absent, dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin origin, tip of pelvic
fin reaching anus, and anus separated from anal-fin origin by
short distance. However, the new species differs from T.
qiubeiensis by having smooth lips (vs. lips with mastoids),
posterior chamber of air bladder well developed (vs.
degenerated), 10–12 branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 8–9), 6–8
branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5), and 16–18 branched caudalfin
rays (vs. 15).
NOMENCLATURAL ACTS REGISTRATION
The electronic version of this article in portable document
format will represent a published work according to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN),
and hence the new names contained in the electronic version
are effectively published under that Code from the electronic
edition alone (see Articles 8.5–8.6 of the Code). This
published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have
been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for
the ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can
be resolved and the associated information can be viewed
through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to
the prefix http://zoobank.org/.
Publication LSID:
urn: lsid: zoobank.org: pub: 1C73EFC4-1820-4294-A2EC-
1DF5B4F99178
Triplophysa xuanweiensis LSID:
urn: lsid: zoobank.org: act: BFC02521-FF34-4871-BC56-
FE26C74A01FB
SCIENTIFIC FIELD SURVEY PERMISSION INFORMATION
All field collections followed the Implementation Rules of
Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China. All activities
followed the Laboratory Animal Guidelines for the Ethical
Review of Animal welfare (GB/T 35 892–2018).
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Supplementary data to this article can be found online.
COMPETING INTERESTS
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
Y.H.Z. and W.N.M. designed the study. Z.M.L., W.N.M.,
W.J.L., G.H., and T.K.X. contributed to fieldwork and collected
data. X.J.L. and J.Q.H. performed data analyses. X.G.L.,
Z.M.L., and Y.H.Z. wrote the manuscript with input from
F.Q.Q., P.Y., and S.G.Y. Y.H.Z. revised the manuscript. All
authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Zong-Min Lu1,2,#, Xue-Jian Li1,3,#, Wen-Jian Lü4,#,
Jin-Qing Huang5, Tian-Ke Xu4, Gang Huang2,
Fen-Qiong Qian4, Peng Yang2, Shu-Guo Chen2,
Wei-Ning Mao2,*, Ya-Hui Zhao1,*
1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute
of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 Qujing Aquaculture Station, Qujing, Yunnan 655099, China
3 Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal
Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai
201306, China
4 Xuanwei Fisheries Management Station, Xuanwei, Yunnan
655499, China
5 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University,
Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
#Authors contributed equally to this work
*Corresponding authors, E-mail:zhaoyh@ioz.ac.cn;
105586938@qq.com
REFERENCES
Froese R, Pauly D. 2021. (2021-08-28). FishBase. World Wide Web
electronic publication. www. fishbase. org, version (08/2021).
Huang JQ, Yang J, Wu ZQ, Zhao YH. 2020. Oreonectes guilinensis
(Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae), a new loach species from
Guangxi, China. Journal of Fish Biology, 96(1): 111−119.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular
evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular
Biology and Evolution, 35(6): 1547−1549.
Li XJ. 2018. Nemacheilidae Cavefishes of China—Taxonomy, Adaption and
Zoogeography. Master thesis, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai. (in
Chinese)
Ma L, Zhao YH, Yang JX. 2019. Cavefish of China. In: White WB, Culver
DC, Pipan T. Encyclopedia of Caves. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier,
237–254.
Nei M, Kumar S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Niemiller ML, Bichuette ME, Chakrabarty P, Fenolio DB, Gluesenkamp AG,
Soares D, et al. 2019. Cavefishes. In: White WB, Culver DC, Pipan T.
Encyclopedia of Caves. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 227–236.
Zhang CG, Shao GZ, Wu HL, Zhao YH. 2020. Species Catalogue of China.
Vol. 2. Animals, Vertebrates (V), Fishes. Beijing: Science Press. (in
Chinese)
Zhao LX, Liu JH, Du LN, Luo FG. 2021. A new loach species of
Troglonectes (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, China. Zoological
Research, 42(4): 423−427.
Zhao YH, Gozlan RE, Zhang CG. 2011. Out of sight out of mind: current
knowledge of Chinese cave fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 79(6):
1545−1562.
224 www.zoores.ac.cn
==========================
species from a cave in China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov., a new blind loach species
from the family Nemacheilidae, is described based on
specimens collected from a subterranean river in Xuanwei
City, Yunnan Province, China. The new species can be
distinguished from all known congeners by a combination of
the following characters: eyes absent, dorsal-fin origin anterior
to pelvic-fin origin, tip of pelvic fin reaching anus, dorsal fin
with 7–8 branched rays, caudal fin forked with 16–18
branched rays, body scaleless and colorless, lateral line
complete, and posterior chamber of air bladder well developed
and connected to anterior chamber by long, slender tube.
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on the
cytochrome b (cyt b) gene placed Triplophysa xuanweiensis
sp. nov. in a well-supported clade with seven other species of
the genus, and three specimens of the new species formed a
monophyletic group, consistent with morphological
comparisons.
Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 is one of the largest genera in
Cypriniformes, containing 147 valid species (Froese & Pauly,
2021). Triplophysa species are distributed from the Qinghai-
Xizang Plateau into North China, Central Asia, and the
Himalayas (Li, 2018). Most fish in the genus inhabit high
plateau or mountainous areas, with some species also
exhibiting cave-dwelling behavior (Li, 2018; Ma et al., 2019).
Triplophysa is the largest genus of freshwater fish in China
and includes 102 species (Zhang et al., 2020). Up to now, all
identified cave-dwelling species of Triplophysa are reported
from China (Ma et al., 2019).
Caves are considered extreme environments for animals
due to the lack of sunlight. As such, cave-dwelling fish have
evolved a suite of morphological adaptations to cope with their
extreme environment. These troglomorphic traits include
reduction or loss of eyes, pigmentation, scales, and swim
bladders, as well as enhancement of mechano- and chemosensation
and elongation of fin rays (Zhao et al., 2011).
Cavefish can thus be assigned into two morphological types,
i.e., stygobite/typical and stygophile/atypical cavefish,
according to the presence of troglomorphic characters (Zhao
et al., 2011).
China has more than 148 cavefish species, half of which are
classified as stygobites (Ma et al., 2019). There are 198
stygobite species worldwide, which are found on every
continent but Antarctica (Niemiller et al., 2019). Nearly 40% of
the total number of stygobiotic species are found in China,
more than any other country (Ma et al., 2019; Niemiller et al.,
2019). These cavefish are mainly distributed in the South
China Karst region, which is the largest continuous karst area
and one of the most spectacular examples of humid tropical to
subtropical karst landscapes in the world (Zhao et al., 2011).
Caves are the dominant habitat in the region, harboring a
substantial diversity of organisms adapted to life underground,
including distinctive cavefish.
In April 2018, 16 specimens of an undescribed blind loach
were collected from a cave in Xinle Village, Tangtang Town,
Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China, which is
interconnected with the Beipan River system, a tributary of the
Hongshui River in the Pearl River drainage. After comparing
the morphological characters to all known closely-related
species, we determined the specimens to be a new species
within the genus Triplophysa.
Detailed information on comparative material is provided in
Supplementary Text. Counts and proportional measurements
followed Li (2018). All measurements were taken point-topoint
with digital calipers to 0.1 mm. Morphometric and
meristic data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft
Excel.
Total DNA was extracted from tissues using a TIANamp
Marine Animals DNA Kit (Tiangen, China) according to the
manufacturer’s protocols. A fragment of the mitochondrial
Received: 30 November 2021; Accepted: 24 January 2022; Online: 24
January 2022
Foundation items: This study was supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (31972868)
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright ©2022 Editorial Office of Zoological Research, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lu et al. Zool. Res. 2022, 43(2): 221−224
https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.310
gene coding for cyt b was amplified following the method
described by Huang et al. (2020). Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) mixtures contained 5 μL of PCR buffer (×10), 5 μL of
2 mmol/L deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP), 2.5 μL of
2 μmol/L primers, 0.5 μL of Taq DNA polymerase, 1.0 μL of
extracted DNA, and 36 μL of H2O. The PCR thermal cycle
profile included: 5 min at 94 °C, followed by 35 cycles of 45 s
at 94 °C, 30 s at 54 °C, 1 min at 72 °C, and final extension of
7 min at 72 °C.
The mitochondrial cyt b gene sequences of 15 other species
in the genus Barbatula Linck, 1 790 and Triplophysa were
obtained from GenBank (Supplementary Table S1). Alignment
of the mitochondrial cyt b sequences was performed using the
Clustal W algorithm in MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018), along
with manual checks for inconsistencies. Phylogenetic
reconstructions were performed using maximum-likelihood
(ML) with the General Time Reversible model (Nei & Kumar,
2000), with 1 000 bootstrap replicates.
Taxonomy
Triplophysa xuanweiensis Lu, Li, Mao et Zhao, sp. nov.
(Figure 1A–F; Supplementary Table S2)
Holotype: ASIZB 223816, 68.6 mm standard length (SL),
Xinle Village, Tangtang Town, Xuanwei City, Yunnan
Province, China, Beipan River system, a tributary of the
Hongshui River; N26°32 ′44 ″, E104°08 ′01 ″, collected by Z.M.
Lu, W.N. Mao, W.J. Lü, G. Huang, T.K. Xu, April 2018.
Paratypes: ASIZB 223817-223831 (15 specimens), 21.7–85.5
mm SL; same collection information as holotype.
Diagnosis: The new species, along with Triplophysa
erythraea Liu & Huang, 2019, T. fengshanensis Lan, 2013, T.
rosa Chen & Yang, 2005, T. xiangxiensis (Yang, Yuan & Liao,
1986), T. anshuiensis Wu, Wei, Lan & Du, 2018, T. gejiuensis
(Chu & Chen, 1979), T. langpingensis Yang, 2013, T.
shilinensis (Chu & Yang, 1992), and T. qiubeiensis Li & Yang,
2008, differs from all other congeners by eyes absent (vs.
eyes present). Among these blind loaches, the new species
can be distinguished from T. erythraea and T. fengshanensis
by dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin origin (vs. dorsal-fin
origin opposite to pelvic-fin origin), from T. rosa and T.
xiangxiensis by pectoral-fin not reaching pelvic-fin origin (vs.
pectoral-fin reaching or beyond pelvic-fin origin), from T.
anshuiensis by 16–18 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 14), from
T. gejiuensis by pelvic fin reaching anus (vs. pelvic fin not
reaching anus), from T. langpingensis by adipose crest absent
(vs. adipose crest well developed), and from T. shilinensis and
T. qiubeiensis by posterior chamber of air bladder well
developed (vs. posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated).
Description: General body features in Figure 1A–D. Meristic
and morphometric data for new species and comparative
material are provided in Supplementary Table S2.
Body elongated and cylindrical, posterior portion gradually
compressed from dorsal fin to caudal-fin base. Dorsal profile
slightly convex from snout to dorsal-fin insertion, then straight
from posterior portion of dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base.
Ventral profile flat. Greatest body depth anterior of dorsal-fin
origin.
Head slightly depressed and flattened, width greater than
depth. Snout slightly pointed. Eyes absent. Anterior and
posterior nostrils adjacently located, anterior nostril forming
valve, end of valve elongated to form short barbel extending
beyond posterior margin of posterior nostrils, posterior nostril
round (Figure 1E). Mouth inferior and curved; mouth corner
situated below anterior nostril, lips thick, upper lip smooth,
lower lip with V-type median notch (Figure 1F). Three pairs of
barbels; inner rostral barbel shortest, ~8.2%–29.4% of head
length, outer rostral barbel longest, extending to mouth corner,
maxillary barbel length ~8.2%–46.0% of head length.
Dorsal fin emarginated, origin closer to tip of snout than to
caudal-fin base, anterior to vertical line at pelvic-fin origin; first
branched ray longest, slightly shorter than head length. Analfin
origin separated from anus by short distance, fin short with
5 branched rays. Pectoral fin moderately developed, tip
reaching mid-point between pectoral and pelvic fin origins.
Pelvic-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin origin, vertically aligned
with second branched ray of dorsal fin, pelvic-fin tip reaching
to anus. Caudal fin forked, with 17–18 branched rays, upper
lobe slightly longer than lower one, tips blunt.
Body entirely smooth and scaleless. Lateral line complete
and straight, ending at caudal-fin base. Two air bladder
chambers, posterior chamber of air bladder well developed
and connected to anterior chamber by long, slender tube.
Coloration: Live fish semi-translucent and pale pink, without
skin pigment, all fins hyaline (Figure 1D). Whole body
yellowish white after fixation in alcohol, fins yellowish and
translucent.
Distribution: The new species is known only from a cave
located in Xinle Village, Tangtang Town, Xuanwei City, Beipan
River system, a tributary of the Hongshui River (Figure 1H).
Etymology: The species name is derived from the city,
Xuanwei, where the cave is located. The Chinese common
name for this species is “ 宣威盲高原鳅”, which means
Xuanwei blind high-plateau loach.
Genetic comparisons: ML phylogenetic analysis (Figure 1G)
based on the mitochondrial cyt b gene showed that
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. and 10 other cavedwelling
species of Triplophysa formed a clade with 100%
bootstrap support, which was sister to the group composed of
four non-cave-dwelling species of Triplophysa. Three
specimens of the new species formed a monophyletic group,
consistent with morphological comparisons. Furthermore, the
interspecific genetic distances for cyt b between Triplophysa
xuanweiensis sp. nov. and its congeners were all greater than
12% (Supplementary Table S3). Therefore, we confirmed
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. as a new species of the
genus Triplophysa.
Remarks: Li (2018) reviewed all nemacheilid cavefish from
China and placed Triplophysa dongganensis Yang, 2013, T.
huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan, 2011, T. jiarongensis Lin, Li
& Song, 2012, T. lihuensis Wu, Yang & Lan, 2012, T.
lingyunensis (Liao, Wang & Luo, 1997), and T. longibarbatus
(Chen, Yang, Sket & Algancic, 1998) into the genus
Troglonectes, which was followed by Huang et al. (2020) and
Zhao et al. (2021). With the new species described herein,
Triplophysa currently contains 29 cave-dwelling species, 13 of
which are classified as stygophile/atypical type as they do not
show any troglomorphic traits, including T. baotianensis Li, Li,
222 www.zoores.ac.cn
Liu & Li, 2018, T. guizhouensis Wu, He, Yang & Du, 2018, T.
huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012, T. longipectoralis
Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009, T. longliensis Ren, Yang &
Chen, 2012, T. nandanensis Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995, T.
nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001, T. sanduensis Chen & Peng,
2019, T. tianxingensis Yang, Li & Chen, 2016, T. wulongensis
Chen, Sheraliev, Shu & Peng, 2021, T. xiangshuingensis Li,
2004, T. yunnanensis Yang, 1990, and T. zhenfengensis
Wang & Li, 2001. However, the new species can be assigned
to the stygobite/typical type based on a series of troglomorphic
characteristics, such as loss of eyes, pigmentation, and
scales.
There are 16 stygobite species of Triplophysa
(Supplementary Table S4): Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp.
nov., T. aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000, T. anshuiensis, T. erythraea,
T. fengshanensis, T. gejiuensis, T. langpingensis, T.
luochengensis Li, Lan Chen & Du, 2017, T. macrocephala
Yang, Wu & Yang, 2012, T. qiubeiensis, T. rosa, T.
shilinensis, T. tianeensis Li, Li, Lan & Du, 2004, T. tianlinensis
Li, Li, Lan & Du, 2017, T. xiangxiensis, and T. xichouensis Liu,
Pan, Yang & Chen, 2017. Among them, T. aluensis, T.
luochengensis, T. macrocephala, T. tianeensis, T. tianlinensis,
and T. xichouensis have small eyes or eye-dots. Therefore,
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. can be easily
distinguished from the above species by its lack of eyes.
All remaining eyeless loaches, including the new species,
share the following morphological characters: lateral line
complete and body scaleless and colorless. However,
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov. differs from T. erythraea
and T. fengshanensis by dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin
origin (vs. dorsal-fin origin opposite to pelvic-fin origin), from T.
erythraea by anal-fin origin separated from anus (vs. anal-fin
origin close to anus), and from T. fengshanensis by smooth
lips (vs. lips with shallow furrows). Triplophysa xuanweiensis
sp. nov. can be distinguished from T. rosa and T. xiangxiensis
by shorter pectoral fin (10.8%–21.7% of SL, not reaching
pelvic-fin origin vs. 24.7%–31.1% of SL, reaching pelvic-fin
origin, and 23.1%–35.5% of SL, extending beyond pelvic fin
origin, respectively). The new species can be distinguished
from T. anshuiensis, T. gejiuensis, T. langpingensis, and T.
shilinensis by anterior nostril not forming barbel-like tube (vs.
anterior nostril prolonged as barbel-like tube). The new
species can be further distinguished from T. anshuiensis by
16–18 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 14), from T. gejiuensis by
compressed pelvic-fin tip reaching anus (vs. tip of compressed
pelvic fin not reaching anus), from T. langpingensis by adipose
crest absent (vs. adipose crests well developed on caudal
peduncle), and from T. shilinensis by developed posterior air
Figure 1 Photos, distribution, and phylogenetic position of Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov.
A: Lateral view (holotype, 68.6 mm standard length). B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view. D: Live fish. E: Lateral view of head. F: Dorsal view of head.
G: ML phylogenetic tree of Triplophysa species and two outgroup species of Barbatula using mitochondrial cyt b gene sequences ( “*”: Cavedwelling
species of Triplophysa). H: Type locality of Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov.
Zoological Research 43(2): 221−224, 2022 223
bladder chamber (vs. posterior chamber degenerated).
Triplophysa qiubeiensis is the most similar species to
Triplophysa xuanweiensis sp. nov., and shares the following
characteristics: body elongated, scaleless and colorless, eye
absent, dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin origin, tip of pelvic
fin reaching anus, and anus separated from anal-fin origin by
short distance. However, the new species differs from T.
qiubeiensis by having smooth lips (vs. lips with mastoids),
posterior chamber of air bladder well developed (vs.
degenerated), 10–12 branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 8–9), 6–8
branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5), and 16–18 branched caudalfin
rays (vs. 15).
NOMENCLATURAL ACTS REGISTRATION
The electronic version of this article in portable document
format will represent a published work according to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN),
and hence the new names contained in the electronic version
are effectively published under that Code from the electronic
edition alone (see Articles 8.5–8.6 of the Code). This
published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have
been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for
the ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can
be resolved and the associated information can be viewed
through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to
the prefix http://zoobank.org/.
Publication LSID:
urn: lsid: zoobank.org: pub: 1C73EFC4-1820-4294-A2EC-
1DF5B4F99178
Triplophysa xuanweiensis LSID:
urn: lsid: zoobank.org: act: BFC02521-FF34-4871-BC56-
FE26C74A01FB
SCIENTIFIC FIELD SURVEY PERMISSION INFORMATION
All field collections followed the Implementation Rules of
Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China. All activities
followed the Laboratory Animal Guidelines for the Ethical
Review of Animal welfare (GB/T 35 892–2018).
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Supplementary data to this article can be found online.
COMPETING INTERESTS
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
Y.H.Z. and W.N.M. designed the study. Z.M.L., W.N.M.,
W.J.L., G.H., and T.K.X. contributed to fieldwork and collected
data. X.J.L. and J.Q.H. performed data analyses. X.G.L.,
Z.M.L., and Y.H.Z. wrote the manuscript with input from
F.Q.Q., P.Y., and S.G.Y. Y.H.Z. revised the manuscript. All
authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Zong-Min Lu1,2,#, Xue-Jian Li1,3,#, Wen-Jian Lü4,#,
Jin-Qing Huang5, Tian-Ke Xu4, Gang Huang2,
Fen-Qiong Qian4, Peng Yang2, Shu-Guo Chen2,
Wei-Ning Mao2,*, Ya-Hui Zhao1,*
1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute
of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 Qujing Aquaculture Station, Qujing, Yunnan 655099, China
3 Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal
Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai
201306, China
4 Xuanwei Fisheries Management Station, Xuanwei, Yunnan
655499, China
5 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University,
Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
#Authors contributed equally to this work
*Corresponding authors, E-mail:zhaoyh@ioz.ac.cn;
105586938@qq.com
REFERENCES
Froese R, Pauly D. 2021. (2021-08-28). FishBase. World Wide Web
electronic publication. www. fishbase. org, version (08/2021).
Huang JQ, Yang J, Wu ZQ, Zhao YH. 2020. Oreonectes guilinensis
(Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae), a new loach species from
Guangxi, China. Journal of Fish Biology, 96(1): 111−119.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular
evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular
Biology and Evolution, 35(6): 1547−1549.
Li XJ. 2018. Nemacheilidae Cavefishes of China—Taxonomy, Adaption and
Zoogeography. Master thesis, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai. (in
Chinese)
Ma L, Zhao YH, Yang JX. 2019. Cavefish of China. In: White WB, Culver
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224 www.zoores.ac.cn
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Utricularia sainthomia (Lentibulariaceae) • A New Remarkable Carnivorous Species from the Lateritic Plateau of northern Kerala, India
Utricularia sainthomia P.Biju, Josekutty, Janarth. & Augustine,
in Biju, Josekutty, Janarthanam & Jomy, 2020.
DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.02
facebook.com/335371220741671
Abstract
A new species of Lentibulariaceae, Utricularia sainthomia collected from the lateritic plateau of northern Kerala, India is described and illustrated. It is compared with similar species, U. malabarica Janarth. & A.N.Henry and U. lazulina P.Taylor based on vegetative, floral and seed morphology. A key to the violet flowered species in India are provided.
Keywords: New species, Utricularia, Utricularia sect. Oligocista.
Utricularia sainthomia P.Biju, Josekutty, Janarth. & Augustine:
a. Habit; b. Habitat; c. Rhizoids; d. Stamens; e. Pistil; f. Trap different views
(from Biju & Jomy 1008; photos by P. Biju).
Utricularia sainthomia P.Biju, Josekutty, Janarth. & Augustine, sp. nov.
This new species is morphologically similar to U. malabarica Janarth. & A.N.Henry and U. lazulina P.Taylor in its 3- nerved leaves, basifixed bracts, shorter peduncles, recurved fruiting pedicels (absent in U. lazulina), papillate calyx lobes and bigibbous corolla but differs in having large oblate traps (1.5–2.5 mm) with a lateral mouth, traps confined to the expanded portion of the leaves, 1.5–2.5 mm long nonglandular trap appendages, terete brownish green peduncles, papillate scales, bracts and bracteoles, broad obovate upper lip of corolla, deep violet lower lip of corolla, shallowly trilobed upper lobe of stigma, globular capsules, terminal hilum, elongated overlapping testa cells with raised anticlinal boundaries and periclinal walls transversely striated.
Etymology: The species is named after the educational institution Saint Thomas College, Pala, Kerala, India, where one of the authors pursuing research work.
Distribution: Endemic to the lateritic plateau in Kerala, India.
Biju P., Josekutty E.J., Janarthanam M.K. and A. Jomy. 2020. Utricularia sainthomia (Lentibulariaceae), A New Remarkable Carnivorous Species from the Lateritic Plateau of northern Kerala, India. Rheedea: Journal of Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.02 rheedea.in/journal/IEmyDef7
facebook.com/335371220741671/photos/595433518068772
==========================
Utricularia sainthomia P.Biju, Josekutty, Janarth. & Augustine,
in Biju, Josekutty, Janarthanam & Jomy, 2020.
DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.02
facebook.com/335371220741671
Abstract
A new species of Lentibulariaceae, Utricularia sainthomia collected from the lateritic plateau of northern Kerala, India is described and illustrated. It is compared with similar species, U. malabarica Janarth. & A.N.Henry and U. lazulina P.Taylor based on vegetative, floral and seed morphology. A key to the violet flowered species in India are provided.
Keywords: New species, Utricularia, Utricularia sect. Oligocista.
Utricularia sainthomia P.Biju, Josekutty, Janarth. & Augustine:
a. Habit; b. Habitat; c. Rhizoids; d. Stamens; e. Pistil; f. Trap different views
(from Biju & Jomy 1008; photos by P. Biju).
Utricularia sainthomia P.Biju, Josekutty, Janarth. & Augustine, sp. nov.
This new species is morphologically similar to U. malabarica Janarth. & A.N.Henry and U. lazulina P.Taylor in its 3- nerved leaves, basifixed bracts, shorter peduncles, recurved fruiting pedicels (absent in U. lazulina), papillate calyx lobes and bigibbous corolla but differs in having large oblate traps (1.5–2.5 mm) with a lateral mouth, traps confined to the expanded portion of the leaves, 1.5–2.5 mm long nonglandular trap appendages, terete brownish green peduncles, papillate scales, bracts and bracteoles, broad obovate upper lip of corolla, deep violet lower lip of corolla, shallowly trilobed upper lobe of stigma, globular capsules, terminal hilum, elongated overlapping testa cells with raised anticlinal boundaries and periclinal walls transversely striated.
Etymology: The species is named after the educational institution Saint Thomas College, Pala, Kerala, India, where one of the authors pursuing research work.
Distribution: Endemic to the lateritic plateau in Kerala, India.
Biju P., Josekutty E.J., Janarthanam M.K. and A. Jomy. 2020. Utricularia sainthomia (Lentibulariaceae), A New Remarkable Carnivorous Species from the Lateritic Plateau of northern Kerala, India. Rheedea: Journal of Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.02 rheedea.in/journal/IEmyDef7
facebook.com/335371220741671/photos/595433518068772
==========================
Fundulus herminiamatildae: a new species of killifish (Teleostei: Fundulidae) from the upper Río Soto La Marina basin, Nuevo León, México
María Elena García-Ramírez, María De Lourdes Lozano-Vilano, Mauricio De La Maza Benignos
Abstract
Fundulus herminiamatildae sp. nov. Is endemic from the Marmolejo stream, a head water tributary of Río Soto La Marina basin, in the municipality of Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. Geologically, it is located in the Northeastern province of México, specifically in the Sierra Madre Oriental subprovince. The water temperatura is a determinant and important factor for the species differentiation. Its closest relative is F. philpisteri. Fundulus herminiamatildae is distinguished from other killifishes by a large number of conspicuous and simple lateral bars, body with high profile, and the following proportions in cephalic length: snout (2.5- 2.9, mean 2.7) eye diameter (4.1-4.9, mean 4.5), and Preorbital length (2.7-3.1, mean 2.9).
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/aijb.v9n2a2
==========================
María Elena García-Ramírez, María De Lourdes Lozano-Vilano, Mauricio De La Maza Benignos
Abstract
Fundulus herminiamatildae sp. nov. Is endemic from the Marmolejo stream, a head water tributary of Río Soto La Marina basin, in the municipality of Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. Geologically, it is located in the Northeastern province of México, specifically in the Sierra Madre Oriental subprovince. The water temperatura is a determinant and important factor for the species differentiation. Its closest relative is F. philpisteri. Fundulus herminiamatildae is distinguished from other killifishes by a large number of conspicuous and simple lateral bars, body with high profile, and the following proportions in cephalic length: snout (2.5- 2.9, mean 2.7) eye diameter (4.1-4.9, mean 4.5), and Preorbital length (2.7-3.1, mean 2.9).
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/aijb.v9n2a2
==========================
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis • A New Species of Catshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from the Izu Islands, Japan
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis
Ito, Fujii, Nohara & Tanaka, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.5
Abstract
A new species of catshark genus Scyliorhinus, S. hachijoensis sp. nov., is described for the islands of Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Torishima in southeastern Japan. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis has clasper hooks, which is a common feature in males of the most closely related species (S. torazame), but is distinguished by its coloration (presence of dark spots), the height of its anal fin (higher than the caudal peduncle), and the shape of pectoral and pelvic fins, and dermal denticles. Molecular data also corroborates the new species as a distinct and monophyletic taxon by nucleotide sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA regions.
Key words: Scyliorhinus torazame, Scyliorhinus hachijoensis sp. nov., Chondrichthyes, morphology
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, external morphology.
(A, B) NSMT-P 135960, male, 370 mm TL (off the east coast of Hachijojima Island).
(C, D) NSMT-P 135961, female, 322 mm TL (off the east coast of Hachijojima Island). Panels show
(A, C) dorsal and (B, D) lateral views of the specimens.
Scale bar = 30 mm.
Close-ups of the head of Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, NSMT-P 135960, male, 370 mm TL (off the east coast of Hachijojima Island).
Panels show (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views.
Scale bar = 20 mm.
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis sp. nov.
New English name: Cinder cloudy catshark;
New Japanese name: Fukami-torazame.
Diagnosis: A species of Scyliorhinus distinguished by its anterior nasal flaps not reaching the upper lip (vs. flaps reaching upper lip, and sometimes covering it, in S. canicula, S. cervigoni, S. comoroensis, S. duhamelii, S. garmani and S. stellaris); nasoral grooves absent and posterior nasal flaps situated posterior to excurrent apertures (vs. nasoral grooves prexents and posterior nasal flaps laterally situated in S. canicula and S. duhamelii); mouth length less than half of mouth width (vs. mouth length more than or equal half of mouth width except in S. torazame and S. ugoi); anal fin height more than caudal peduncle height (vs. less than caudal peduncle height in S.boa, S. duhamelii, S. torazame and S. torrei), and greater than or equal to half of mouth width (vs. less than half of mouth width in S. boa, S. capensis, S. duhamelii, S. haeckelii, S. hesperius, S.meadi, S. torazame, S. torrei and S. ugoi); saddles darker than the background color (vs. inconspicuous or absent in S. boa, S. cabofriensis, S. cervigoni, S. duhamelii, S. garmani and S. torrei, and dark lines in S. retifer); body grayish brown to dark brown with well-defined light spots and small dark spots (vs. spots absent in S. retifer, yellow to golden spots in S. capensis, light spots absent in S. cervigoni, S. garmani, S. meadi and S. retifer, and dark spots absent in S. capensis, S. comoroensis, S. hesperius, S. meadi, S. torazame and S. torrei); light spots spiracle-sized or larger (vs. predominantly smaller than spiracles in S. boa, S. cabofriensis, S. canicula, S. duhamelii, S. stellaris and S. ugoi); dark spots smaller than spiracles (vs. predominantly larger than spiracles in S. cervigoni, S. duhamelii, S. garmani, S. haeckelii and S. stellaris); number of monospondylous vertebrae 34–36 (vs. counts higher except in S. duhamelii, S. torazame and S. torrei); clasper with hooks (vs. absent in all other species except S. torazame); accessory terminal cartilage present (vs. absent in S. cabofriensis, S. cervigoni, S. comoroensis, S. duhamelii, S. haeckelii, S. stellaris, S. torrei and S. ugoi); egg case surface with irregularities (vs. smooth in all other species).
Distribution: This species was recorded from the waters around the Izu Islands, Japan (Fig. 7). All specimens were captured by longline fishing for Splendid alfonsino, at depths of ca. 100–200 m around Mikurajima Island, ca. 200–400 m around Hachijojima Island, and ca. 500–600 m around Torishima Island.
Etymology: The species name “hachijoensis” refers to the species’ main collection area, Hachijojima Island. The English name is derived from “Cinderella”, because the dark spots on the body surface are similar to black ashes “cinder”. The Japanese name “Fukami” means “deep sea”.
Egg cases of (A, B) Scyliorhinus hachijoensis and (C, D) S. torazame.
(A, C) Dorsal view, scale bar = 10 mm. (B, D) Close-up of surface.
Scale bar = 2 mm.
Nanami Ito, Miho Fujii, Kenji Nohara and Sho Tanaka. 2022. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, A New Species of Catshark from the Izu Islands, Japan (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa. 5092(3); 331-349. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.5
==========================
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis
Ito, Fujii, Nohara & Tanaka, 2022
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.5
Abstract
A new species of catshark genus Scyliorhinus, S. hachijoensis sp. nov., is described for the islands of Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Torishima in southeastern Japan. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis has clasper hooks, which is a common feature in males of the most closely related species (S. torazame), but is distinguished by its coloration (presence of dark spots), the height of its anal fin (higher than the caudal peduncle), and the shape of pectoral and pelvic fins, and dermal denticles. Molecular data also corroborates the new species as a distinct and monophyletic taxon by nucleotide sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA regions.
Key words: Scyliorhinus torazame, Scyliorhinus hachijoensis sp. nov., Chondrichthyes, morphology
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, external morphology.
(A, B) NSMT-P 135960, male, 370 mm TL (off the east coast of Hachijojima Island).
(C, D) NSMT-P 135961, female, 322 mm TL (off the east coast of Hachijojima Island). Panels show
(A, C) dorsal and (B, D) lateral views of the specimens.
Scale bar = 30 mm.
Close-ups of the head of Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, NSMT-P 135960, male, 370 mm TL (off the east coast of Hachijojima Island).
Panels show (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views.
Scale bar = 20 mm.
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis sp. nov.
New English name: Cinder cloudy catshark;
New Japanese name: Fukami-torazame.
Diagnosis: A species of Scyliorhinus distinguished by its anterior nasal flaps not reaching the upper lip (vs. flaps reaching upper lip, and sometimes covering it, in S. canicula, S. cervigoni, S. comoroensis, S. duhamelii, S. garmani and S. stellaris); nasoral grooves absent and posterior nasal flaps situated posterior to excurrent apertures (vs. nasoral grooves prexents and posterior nasal flaps laterally situated in S. canicula and S. duhamelii); mouth length less than half of mouth width (vs. mouth length more than or equal half of mouth width except in S. torazame and S. ugoi); anal fin height more than caudal peduncle height (vs. less than caudal peduncle height in S.boa, S. duhamelii, S. torazame and S. torrei), and greater than or equal to half of mouth width (vs. less than half of mouth width in S. boa, S. capensis, S. duhamelii, S. haeckelii, S. hesperius, S.meadi, S. torazame, S. torrei and S. ugoi); saddles darker than the background color (vs. inconspicuous or absent in S. boa, S. cabofriensis, S. cervigoni, S. duhamelii, S. garmani and S. torrei, and dark lines in S. retifer); body grayish brown to dark brown with well-defined light spots and small dark spots (vs. spots absent in S. retifer, yellow to golden spots in S. capensis, light spots absent in S. cervigoni, S. garmani, S. meadi and S. retifer, and dark spots absent in S. capensis, S. comoroensis, S. hesperius, S. meadi, S. torazame and S. torrei); light spots spiracle-sized or larger (vs. predominantly smaller than spiracles in S. boa, S. cabofriensis, S. canicula, S. duhamelii, S. stellaris and S. ugoi); dark spots smaller than spiracles (vs. predominantly larger than spiracles in S. cervigoni, S. duhamelii, S. garmani, S. haeckelii and S. stellaris); number of monospondylous vertebrae 34–36 (vs. counts higher except in S. duhamelii, S. torazame and S. torrei); clasper with hooks (vs. absent in all other species except S. torazame); accessory terminal cartilage present (vs. absent in S. cabofriensis, S. cervigoni, S. comoroensis, S. duhamelii, S. haeckelii, S. stellaris, S. torrei and S. ugoi); egg case surface with irregularities (vs. smooth in all other species).
Distribution: This species was recorded from the waters around the Izu Islands, Japan (Fig. 7). All specimens were captured by longline fishing for Splendid alfonsino, at depths of ca. 100–200 m around Mikurajima Island, ca. 200–400 m around Hachijojima Island, and ca. 500–600 m around Torishima Island.
Etymology: The species name “hachijoensis” refers to the species’ main collection area, Hachijojima Island. The English name is derived from “Cinderella”, because the dark spots on the body surface are similar to black ashes “cinder”. The Japanese name “Fukami” means “deep sea”.
Egg cases of (A, B) Scyliorhinus hachijoensis and (C, D) S. torazame.
(A, C) Dorsal view, scale bar = 10 mm. (B, D) Close-up of surface.
Scale bar = 2 mm.
Nanami Ito, Miho Fujii, Kenji Nohara and Sho Tanaka. 2022. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, A New Species of Catshark from the Izu Islands, Japan (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa. 5092(3); 331-349. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.5
==========================
ARTICLE
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5082.3.6
PUBLISHED: 2021-12-17
Description of a new deep-water species of Heteroclinus (Pisces: Teleostei: Clinidae), from southern AustraliaPISCESFISHBLENNIFORMESBLENNIOIDEIICHTHYOLOGYTAXONOMYAbstractHeteroclinus argyrospilos, n. sp. is described as a new species from specimens sampled by sled and dredge in 55–100 m off South Australia and Western Australia. The species has a strongly compressed body and spatulate orbital tentacle similar to some shallow water species, particularly those of the Heteroclinus heptaeolus complex, which is characterized by having three segmented dorsal-fin rays, with the last two rays widely separate from the first ray. It is distinct from other Australian clinids in having two segmented dorsal-fin rays, well separated from the last dorsal-fin spine and a reduced lateral line on the body. It is known from a greater depth than other members of the genus.
References
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5082.3.6
PUBLISHED: 2021-12-17
Description of a new deep-water species of Heteroclinus (Pisces: Teleostei: Clinidae), from southern AustraliaPISCESFISHBLENNIFORMESBLENNIOIDEIICHTHYOLOGYTAXONOMYAbstractHeteroclinus argyrospilos, n. sp. is described as a new species from specimens sampled by sled and dredge in 55–100 m off South Australia and Western Australia. The species has a strongly compressed body and spatulate orbital tentacle similar to some shallow water species, particularly those of the Heteroclinus heptaeolus complex, which is characterized by having three segmented dorsal-fin rays, with the last two rays widely separate from the first ray. It is distinct from other Australian clinids in having two segmented dorsal-fin rays, well separated from the last dorsal-fin spine and a reduced lateral line on the body. It is known from a greater depth than other members of the genus.
References
- George, A. & Springer, V.G. (1980) Revision of the clinid fish tribe Ophiclinini, including five new species, and definition of the family Clinidae. Smithsonian Contributions in Zoology, 307, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.307
Gill, A.C. & Pogonoski, J.J. (2016) Pseudotrichonotus belos new species, first record of the fish family Pseudotrichonotidae from Australia (Teleostei: Aulopiformes). Zootaxa, 4205 (2), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4205.2.8
Gill, A.C., Pogonoski, J.J., Moore, G. & Johnson, J.W. (2021) Review of Australian species of Plectranthias Bleeker and Selenanthias Tanaka (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae), with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 4918 (1), 1–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4918.1.1
Hoese, D.F. (1976) A redescription of Heteroclinus adelaidae Castelnau (Pisces: Clinidae), with description of a related species. Australian Zoologist, 19 (1), 51–67.
Hoese, D.F. (2006) Families Tripterygiidae and Clinidae. In: Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Publishing Parts 1–3. ABRS & CSIRO, Collingwood, pp. 1517–1539.
Hoese, D.F. & Rennis, D.S. (2006) Description of a new species of Heteroclinus (Blennoidei: Clinidae) from southern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 63 (1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2006.63.4
Hoese, D.F., Gomon, M.F. & Rennis, D.S. (2008) Family Clinidae. In: Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (Eds.), Fishes of Australia’s Southern Coast. Reed New Holland, Sydney, pp. 696–722.
Penrith, M.L. (1969) The systematics of the fishes of the Family Clinidae in South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55 (1), 1–121.
Stephens, J.S. Jr. & Springer, V.G. (1974) Clinid fishes of Chile and Peru, with description of a new species, Myxodes ornatus, from Chile. Smithsonian Conbtributions in Zoology, 159, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.159
=========================
Two new species of Tanichthys (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from China
Fan Li, Te-Yu Liao, Jörg Bohlen, Zhi-Xin Shen, Liang-Jie Zhao, Shan Li
Author Affiliations +
J. of Vertebrate Biology, 71(21067):21067.1-13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25225/jvb.21067
AbstractTanichthys albiventris, new species, from the River Jiangping in Dongxing City, Guangxi Province is distinguished from Tanichthys albonubes by the presence of a reddish-orange dorsal-fin margin (vs. white) and 9-10 (9 in mode) branched anal-fin rays (vs. 8 in mode). Tanichthys flavianalis, new species, from the River Jiuqu in Qionghai City, Hainan Province is distinguished from T. albiventris and T. albonubes by the presence of a golden anal-fin margin (vs. white) and 7 (rarely 6) branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6 in mode). In T. albiventris, T. albonubes, and T. flavianalis the black lateral stripe is located on the dorsal half of the flank, distinguishing them from Tanichthys kuehnei and Tanichthys micagemmae, in which it is mid-lateral. Tanichthys thabacensis is different from all other species of Tanichthys in the shape of the mouth and insertion of the anal fin; it is tentatively referred to as Aphyocypris.
IntroductionThe minnow genus Tanichthys Lin, 1932 are small freshwater fishes characterized by confluent narial openings, and the presence of cornified tubercles on the snout posterior to the premaxilla in adult males (Weitzman & Chan 1966, Freyhof & Herder 2001, Bohlen et al. 2019). This genus was placed either in the subfamily Leuciscinae (Chu 1935, Yang & Huang 1964), the subfamily Danioninae (Chen 1998, Nelson et al. 2016), or a sister group to the subfamily Acheilognathinae (Liao et al. 2011) under the family Cyprinidae. However, some molecular phylogenetic studies have elevated the family Cyprinidae to the superfamily Cyprinoidea, in which a new family Tanichthyidae was proposed to include Tanichthys (Chen & Mayden 2009, Mayden & Chen 2010).
Tanichthys comprises four species, including Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932 (white cloud mountain minnow), Tanichthys kuehnei Bohlen, Dvořák, Thang & Šlechtová, 2019, Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001, and Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngô, 2001. Unlike the other three species restricted to specific river basins with a narrow geographic distribution in northern and central Vietnam, T. albonubes has a wide distribution ranging across several different basins (the River Pearl and several small coastal rivers) in southern China (including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Hong Kong) and northern Vietnam (Quang Ninh Province) (Weitzman & Chan 1966, Pan 1991, Chen 1998, Kottelat 2001, Yi et al. 2004, Chan & Chen 2009, Li & Li 2011, Zhao et al. 2018). Recent molecular studies indicated that each of the wild populations of T. albonubes was monophyletic with significant genetic differentiation among them (Luo et al. 2015, Zhao et al. 2018). They were further considered as different cryptic species (Li et al. 2020). Although several studies made comparisons based on limited morphological characters or colour patterns among some populations from China, and reported variation among different populations (Weitzman & Chan 1966, Yi et al. 2004, Chan & Chen 2009, Li & Li 2011, Li et al. 2020), none of them provided clear diagnostic characters for different populations/ cryptic species. It is apparent that the taxonomy of the T. albonubes species group remains unresolved.
Full paper link bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-biology/volume-71/issue-21067/jvb.21067/Two-new-species-of-Tanichthys-Teleostei-Cypriniformes-from-China/10.25225/jvb.21067.full?tab=ArticleLink
==========================
Fan Li, Te-Yu Liao, Jörg Bohlen, Zhi-Xin Shen, Liang-Jie Zhao, Shan Li
Author Affiliations +
J. of Vertebrate Biology, 71(21067):21067.1-13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25225/jvb.21067
AbstractTanichthys albiventris, new species, from the River Jiangping in Dongxing City, Guangxi Province is distinguished from Tanichthys albonubes by the presence of a reddish-orange dorsal-fin margin (vs. white) and 9-10 (9 in mode) branched anal-fin rays (vs. 8 in mode). Tanichthys flavianalis, new species, from the River Jiuqu in Qionghai City, Hainan Province is distinguished from T. albiventris and T. albonubes by the presence of a golden anal-fin margin (vs. white) and 7 (rarely 6) branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6 in mode). In T. albiventris, T. albonubes, and T. flavianalis the black lateral stripe is located on the dorsal half of the flank, distinguishing them from Tanichthys kuehnei and Tanichthys micagemmae, in which it is mid-lateral. Tanichthys thabacensis is different from all other species of Tanichthys in the shape of the mouth and insertion of the anal fin; it is tentatively referred to as Aphyocypris.
IntroductionThe minnow genus Tanichthys Lin, 1932 are small freshwater fishes characterized by confluent narial openings, and the presence of cornified tubercles on the snout posterior to the premaxilla in adult males (Weitzman & Chan 1966, Freyhof & Herder 2001, Bohlen et al. 2019). This genus was placed either in the subfamily Leuciscinae (Chu 1935, Yang & Huang 1964), the subfamily Danioninae (Chen 1998, Nelson et al. 2016), or a sister group to the subfamily Acheilognathinae (Liao et al. 2011) under the family Cyprinidae. However, some molecular phylogenetic studies have elevated the family Cyprinidae to the superfamily Cyprinoidea, in which a new family Tanichthyidae was proposed to include Tanichthys (Chen & Mayden 2009, Mayden & Chen 2010).
Tanichthys comprises four species, including Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932 (white cloud mountain minnow), Tanichthys kuehnei Bohlen, Dvořák, Thang & Šlechtová, 2019, Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001, and Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngô, 2001. Unlike the other three species restricted to specific river basins with a narrow geographic distribution in northern and central Vietnam, T. albonubes has a wide distribution ranging across several different basins (the River Pearl and several small coastal rivers) in southern China (including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Hong Kong) and northern Vietnam (Quang Ninh Province) (Weitzman & Chan 1966, Pan 1991, Chen 1998, Kottelat 2001, Yi et al. 2004, Chan & Chen 2009, Li & Li 2011, Zhao et al. 2018). Recent molecular studies indicated that each of the wild populations of T. albonubes was monophyletic with significant genetic differentiation among them (Luo et al. 2015, Zhao et al. 2018). They were further considered as different cryptic species (Li et al. 2020). Although several studies made comparisons based on limited morphological characters or colour patterns among some populations from China, and reported variation among different populations (Weitzman & Chan 1966, Yi et al. 2004, Chan & Chen 2009, Li & Li 2011, Li et al. 2020), none of them provided clear diagnostic characters for different populations/ cryptic species. It is apparent that the taxonomy of the T. albonubes species group remains unresolved.
Full paper link bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-biology/volume-71/issue-21067/jvb.21067/Two-new-species-of-Tanichthys-Teleostei-Cypriniformes-from-China/10.25225/jvb.21067.full?tab=ArticleLink
==========================
In 2022 the KFN Convention - Killi Fish Nederland will be held earlier in April and will take place in Asperen, at "Hotel Schildkamp", between April 8-10.
The organization has space for 528 couples or breeding groups and all fish should be registered by April 6 and should arrive at the Convention site by April 8 at 5 p.m.
- 1. the lecture by Jouke van der Zee. "There are far more species of killies in Africa than we think. "
- 2. the lecture by J. Set. "Some information on how to maintain and breed Lampeyes. "
For all additional information send an email to direct@apk. pt.
==========================
The organization has space for 528 couples or breeding groups and all fish should be registered by April 6 and should arrive at the Convention site by April 8 at 5 p.m.
- 1. the lecture by Jouke van der Zee. "There are far more species of killies in Africa than we think. "
- 2. the lecture by J. Set. "Some information on how to maintain and breed Lampeyes. "
For all additional information send an email to direct@apk. pt.
==========================
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5091.3.3
PUBLISHED: 2022-01-14
A new species of the waspfish genus Ocosia (Teleostei: Tetrarogidae) from the Coral Sea, with a key to species in the genusPISCESOCOSIA APIAOCOSIA DORSOMACULATAMORPHOLOGYTAXONOMYDESCRIPTIONAbstractThe new waspfish Ocosia dorsomaculata n. sp. (Tetrarogidae) is described, based on specimens from Australia (5) and New Caledonia (51). Although O. dorsomaculata and Ocosia apia Poss & Eschmeyer 1975 both share modally XVI, 8 dorsal-fin rays with a long second dorsal-fin spine, and presence of supraocular, lateral lacrimal, and suborbital spines, the former has modally 13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. usually 12 in the latter), a lower modal count of total gill rakers (10 vs. 16–18), greater upper-jaw length, greater third to sixth dorsal-fin spine lengths, the third dorsal-fin spine slightly shorter than the second dorsal-fin spine (vs. third spine markedly shorter than second spine), 1 or 2 prominent pale brown to dark brown blotches on the membrane between the fifth to eighth or sixth to ninth dorsal-fin spines (vs. 1 blotch on the membrane around the third dorsal-fin spine and 1 blotch on the membrane between the sixth to eighth dorsal-fin spines), and body with 11–15 longitudinal pale brown to dark brown bars along lateral line (vs. irregular brown specks). A key to the species of Ocosia is given.
========================
PUBLISHED: 2022-01-14
A new species of the waspfish genus Ocosia (Teleostei: Tetrarogidae) from the Coral Sea, with a key to species in the genusPISCESOCOSIA APIAOCOSIA DORSOMACULATAMORPHOLOGYTAXONOMYDESCRIPTIONAbstractThe new waspfish Ocosia dorsomaculata n. sp. (Tetrarogidae) is described, based on specimens from Australia (5) and New Caledonia (51). Although O. dorsomaculata and Ocosia apia Poss & Eschmeyer 1975 both share modally XVI, 8 dorsal-fin rays with a long second dorsal-fin spine, and presence of supraocular, lateral lacrimal, and suborbital spines, the former has modally 13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. usually 12 in the latter), a lower modal count of total gill rakers (10 vs. 16–18), greater upper-jaw length, greater third to sixth dorsal-fin spine lengths, the third dorsal-fin spine slightly shorter than the second dorsal-fin spine (vs. third spine markedly shorter than second spine), 1 or 2 prominent pale brown to dark brown blotches on the membrane between the fifth to eighth or sixth to ninth dorsal-fin spines (vs. 1 blotch on the membrane around the third dorsal-fin spine and 1 blotch on the membrane between the sixth to eighth dorsal-fin spines), and body with 11–15 longitudinal pale brown to dark brown bars along lateral line (vs. irregular brown specks). A key to the species of Ocosia is given.
========================
Improving zebrafish laboratory welfare and scientific research through understanding their natural history
Carole J. Lee,Gregory C. Paull,Charles R. Tyler
First published: 04 January 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12831
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SHAREABSTRACTGlobally, millions of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used for scientific laboratory experiments for which researchers have a duty of care, with legal obligations to consider their welfare. Considering the growing use of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for addressing a diverse range of scientific questions, optimising their laboratory conditions is of major importance for both welfare and improving scientific research. However, most guidelines for the care and breeding of zebrafish for research are concerned primarily with maximising production and minimising costs and pay little attention to the effects on welfare of the environments in which the fish are maintained, or how those conditions affect their scientific research. Here we review the physical and social conditions in which laboratory zebrafish are kept, identifying and drawing attention to factors likely to affect their welfare and experimental science. We also identify a fundamental lack knowledge of how zebrafish interact with many biotic and abiotic features in their natural environment to support ways to optimise zebrafish health and well-being in the laboratory, and in turn the quality of scientific data produced. We advocate that the conditions under which zebrafish are maintained need to become a more integral part of research and that we understand more fully how they influence experimental outcome and in turn interpretations of the data generated.
I INTRODUCTIONThere are several reasons why it is important to review the welfare of laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton). First, researchers have a duty of care for laboratory animals and in many countries are legally obliged to consider their welfare when designing experiments (e.g. UK: Home Office, 2014a; European Union: Council of the European Union, 2010; USA: National Research Council, 2011; Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council, 2013). Second, awareness and support for better welfare of research animals is increasing in the public domain and research funders are now requesting high standards of welfare as a condition of receiving research funds (NC3Rs et al., 2015). A survey by Ipsos MORI in 2018 found that 59% of the public want to know more about work to improve the welfare of research animals, a rise of 5% since 2016 (Clemence, 2018). Thirdly, good animal welfare is linked to improved quality of science (Prescott & Lidster, 2017).
The zebrafish is a key experimental model and worldwide millions are used for studies spanning toxicology, drug discovery, and the study of human diseases, but a lack of defined conditions and standards for zebrafish care have resulted in the protocols for their housing and maintenance varying among laboratories (Alestrom et al., 2019). Advances in the science of zebrafish husbandry and management and more detailed reporting of maintenance conditions of experimental fish are needed to address this issue (reviewed by Lieggi et al. 2020). Most guidelines are concerned primarily with maximising production and minimising costs and pay less attention to how aspects of the laboratory environment affect welfare or the science that they support.
We identify the science behind the conditions in which laboratory zebrafish are often kept and aim to identify and draw attention to factors likely to affect their welfare. Understanding a species’ natural biology can help to guide good welfare practice (Howell & Cheyne, 2019) and here we draw on field observations and from experiments in mesocosms and laboratory tanks, to compare and contrast the physical and social environment experienced by wild zebrafish with those of laboratory-maintained fish. A variety of physiological and behavioural changes, including increased growth rate and reduced startle response, have been documented in zebrafish raised in a captive environment compared to fish collected from their natural habitat in India (Robison & Rowland, 2005). Captivity creates different fitness pressures compared to the fish's natural environment, potentially leading to differences in selection on various traits (Robison & Rowland, 2005). We use measures of physiology and behaviour to indicate factors likely to affect zebrafish welfare. We also identify gaps in knowledge and discrepancies among current regulatory and laboratory guidelines and illustrate some of the challenges and opportunities that confront researchers and facility managers for providing best welfare for zebrafish. We furthermore consider how these factors can affect the many fields of science that employ zebrafish as study models, including areas such as neuroscience where the recent discovery of astrocytes in zebrafish is predicted to open new research avenues into brain development, function and disease (Chen et al., 2020). Such research will likely be influenced by the environment in which the experimental fish are produced and tested. For example, temperature can affect the zebrafish nervous system, as evidenced by changes in the brain proteome and behaviour (Nonnis et al., 2021), and behavioural testing of isolated fish modifies their physiological, neuroendocrine and behavioural responses (Giacomini et al., 2015).
II WELFAREOptimising welfare, based on scientific evidence, is not always compatible with research methods or purpose. For example, some forms of environmental enrichment can improve welfare for some fish species (Näslund & Johnsson, 2014) but can potentially also alter features of an animal's physiology or behaviour (Killen et al., 2013), influencing research results. The benefits of refinements to housing or husbandry need to be measured against their costs and practicalities in order to make a convincing case for improvements that deliver higher welfare. This requires that welfare is quantified. Measures of fish welfare include survivorship, growth, health, reproductive performance, levels of blood/body cortisol, behaviour and affective states. These indicators of fish welfare (Table 1) along with how they are measured, examples of their use, and their advantages and disadvantages, are reviewed extensively elsewhere (Huntingford et al., 2006; Sadoul & Geffroy, 2019; Toni et al., 2019). Each of these methods reflects a particular aspect of welfare but none provide a complete evaluation, so multiple methods are often used (Huntingford & Kadri, 2008).
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12831Link to full paper:-
==========================
Carole J. Lee,Gregory C. Paull,Charles R. Tyler
First published: 04 January 2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12831
SECTIONS
TOOLS
SHAREABSTRACTGlobally, millions of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used for scientific laboratory experiments for which researchers have a duty of care, with legal obligations to consider their welfare. Considering the growing use of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for addressing a diverse range of scientific questions, optimising their laboratory conditions is of major importance for both welfare and improving scientific research. However, most guidelines for the care and breeding of zebrafish for research are concerned primarily with maximising production and minimising costs and pay little attention to the effects on welfare of the environments in which the fish are maintained, or how those conditions affect their scientific research. Here we review the physical and social conditions in which laboratory zebrafish are kept, identifying and drawing attention to factors likely to affect their welfare and experimental science. We also identify a fundamental lack knowledge of how zebrafish interact with many biotic and abiotic features in their natural environment to support ways to optimise zebrafish health and well-being in the laboratory, and in turn the quality of scientific data produced. We advocate that the conditions under which zebrafish are maintained need to become a more integral part of research and that we understand more fully how they influence experimental outcome and in turn interpretations of the data generated.
I INTRODUCTIONThere are several reasons why it is important to review the welfare of laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton). First, researchers have a duty of care for laboratory animals and in many countries are legally obliged to consider their welfare when designing experiments (e.g. UK: Home Office, 2014a; European Union: Council of the European Union, 2010; USA: National Research Council, 2011; Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council, 2013). Second, awareness and support for better welfare of research animals is increasing in the public domain and research funders are now requesting high standards of welfare as a condition of receiving research funds (NC3Rs et al., 2015). A survey by Ipsos MORI in 2018 found that 59% of the public want to know more about work to improve the welfare of research animals, a rise of 5% since 2016 (Clemence, 2018). Thirdly, good animal welfare is linked to improved quality of science (Prescott & Lidster, 2017).
The zebrafish is a key experimental model and worldwide millions are used for studies spanning toxicology, drug discovery, and the study of human diseases, but a lack of defined conditions and standards for zebrafish care have resulted in the protocols for their housing and maintenance varying among laboratories (Alestrom et al., 2019). Advances in the science of zebrafish husbandry and management and more detailed reporting of maintenance conditions of experimental fish are needed to address this issue (reviewed by Lieggi et al. 2020). Most guidelines are concerned primarily with maximising production and minimising costs and pay less attention to how aspects of the laboratory environment affect welfare or the science that they support.
We identify the science behind the conditions in which laboratory zebrafish are often kept and aim to identify and draw attention to factors likely to affect their welfare. Understanding a species’ natural biology can help to guide good welfare practice (Howell & Cheyne, 2019) and here we draw on field observations and from experiments in mesocosms and laboratory tanks, to compare and contrast the physical and social environment experienced by wild zebrafish with those of laboratory-maintained fish. A variety of physiological and behavioural changes, including increased growth rate and reduced startle response, have been documented in zebrafish raised in a captive environment compared to fish collected from their natural habitat in India (Robison & Rowland, 2005). Captivity creates different fitness pressures compared to the fish's natural environment, potentially leading to differences in selection on various traits (Robison & Rowland, 2005). We use measures of physiology and behaviour to indicate factors likely to affect zebrafish welfare. We also identify gaps in knowledge and discrepancies among current regulatory and laboratory guidelines and illustrate some of the challenges and opportunities that confront researchers and facility managers for providing best welfare for zebrafish. We furthermore consider how these factors can affect the many fields of science that employ zebrafish as study models, including areas such as neuroscience where the recent discovery of astrocytes in zebrafish is predicted to open new research avenues into brain development, function and disease (Chen et al., 2020). Such research will likely be influenced by the environment in which the experimental fish are produced and tested. For example, temperature can affect the zebrafish nervous system, as evidenced by changes in the brain proteome and behaviour (Nonnis et al., 2021), and behavioural testing of isolated fish modifies their physiological, neuroendocrine and behavioural responses (Giacomini et al., 2015).
II WELFAREOptimising welfare, based on scientific evidence, is not always compatible with research methods or purpose. For example, some forms of environmental enrichment can improve welfare for some fish species (Näslund & Johnsson, 2014) but can potentially also alter features of an animal's physiology or behaviour (Killen et al., 2013), influencing research results. The benefits of refinements to housing or husbandry need to be measured against their costs and practicalities in order to make a convincing case for improvements that deliver higher welfare. This requires that welfare is quantified. Measures of fish welfare include survivorship, growth, health, reproductive performance, levels of blood/body cortisol, behaviour and affective states. These indicators of fish welfare (Table 1) along with how they are measured, examples of their use, and their advantages and disadvantages, are reviewed extensively elsewhere (Huntingford et al., 2006; Sadoul & Geffroy, 2019; Toni et al., 2019). Each of these methods reflects a particular aspect of welfare but none provide a complete evaluation, so multiple methods are often used (Huntingford & Kadri, 2008).
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12831Link to full paper:-
==========================
The British Livebearer Association is planning a Livebearer show and auction on Sunday 26th June
at Kempshott village hall Basingstoke. This is still at the planning stage and nothing is confirmed yet.
We don’t want to clash with other shows which is the reason for publishing this date now.
(Black Mollies descended from fish bred by Ron Baldock of Strood AS)
==========================
at Kempshott village hall Basingstoke. This is still at the planning stage and nothing is confirmed yet.
We don’t want to clash with other shows which is the reason for publishing this date now.
(Black Mollies descended from fish bred by Ron Baldock of Strood AS)
==========================
SUNDAY, 13 MARCH 2022 AT 12:00Preston and District Aquarist Society Auction 1/4
70 Stanifield Ln, Farington, Leyland PR25 4GA
More
About
Discussion
Interested
Going
InviteDetails
23 people responded
Event by Elliot Garstang and Preston and District Aquarist society
70 Stanifield Ln, Farington, Leyland PR25 4GA
Public · Anyone on or off Facebook
Held at Farington Conservative Club
Sellers are required to book in a lot by contacting Elliot G, booking in starts from March 2nd.
==========================
70 Stanifield Ln, Farington, Leyland PR25 4GA
More
About
Discussion
Interested
Going
InviteDetails
23 people responded
Event by Elliot Garstang and Preston and District Aquarist society
70 Stanifield Ln, Farington, Leyland PR25 4GA
Public · Anyone on or off Facebook
Held at Farington Conservative Club
Sellers are required to book in a lot by contacting Elliot G, booking in starts from March 2nd.
==========================
Open AccessArticleTaxonomy and Distribution of the Deep-Sea Batfish Genus Halieutopsis (Teleostei: Ogcocephalidae), with Descriptions of Five New Species †
by
Hsuan-Ching Ho
1,2,3
1
National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
2
Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
3
Australian Museum, Sydney 2010, Australia
†
Publications: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5CCDC55-4FC6-481C-B303-F5ECBE4CC2F6.
Academic Editors: Alexei M. Orlov and Francesco Tiralongo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010034 (registering DOI)
Received: 29 October 2021 / Revised: 14 December 2021 / Accepted: 20 December 2021 / Published: 30 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deepwater Fishes)
==========================
by
Hsuan-Ching Ho
1,2,3
1
National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
2
Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
3
Australian Museum, Sydney 2010, Australia
†
Publications: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5CCDC55-4FC6-481C-B303-F5ECBE4CC2F6.
Academic Editors: Alexei M. Orlov and Francesco Tiralongo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010034 (registering DOI)
Received: 29 October 2021 / Revised: 14 December 2021 / Accepted: 20 December 2021 / Published: 30 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deepwater Fishes)
==========================
N.E.T.S. fish and plants only auction
6th March 2022
Everyone welcome buyers and sellers coming from all across the UK to support the biggest auction in the northeast.
SELLERS
Anyone welcome to sell the fish and plants only please ask how to do so if interested
15% commission took off anything sold
reserves recommended
pre booked lots adviced
dry good tables for £10
BUYERS
just turn up on the day and enjoy a massive selection of tropical and cold water fish plants and shrimps buyers don't pay commission the price you bid is the prize you pay. no registering.
So come along and buy or sell. DOORS OPEN AT 10am auction starts 11am
No dry goods will go through the auction dry goods tables are available for £10 any questions let me know
==========================
6th March 2022
Everyone welcome buyers and sellers coming from all across the UK to support the biggest auction in the northeast.
SELLERS
Anyone welcome to sell the fish and plants only please ask how to do so if interested
15% commission took off anything sold
reserves recommended
pre booked lots adviced
dry good tables for £10
BUYERS
just turn up on the day and enjoy a massive selection of tropical and cold water fish plants and shrimps buyers don't pay commission the price you bid is the prize you pay. no registering.
So come along and buy or sell. DOORS OPEN AT 10am auction starts 11am
No dry goods will go through the auction dry goods tables are available for £10 any questions let me know
==========================
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X
Volume 22, Number 12, December 2021 E-ISSN: 2085-4722
Pages: 87-98 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221212
Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India
MATHEWS PLAMOOTTIL Department of Zoology, Government College. Kottayam, Kerala 686013, India. Tel/fax.: +91-944-7059690, email: mathewsplamoottil@gmail.com
Manuscript received: 30 September 2021. Revision accepted: 13 December 2021.
Abstract. Plamoottil M. 2021. Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 22: 87-98. Heteropneustes fuscus, a new catfish species, is described from Kerala, India; it is a close congener of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) described from Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu. Heteropneustes fuscus has been misidentified as H. fossilis until now, but it differs from Bloch's species in color and many other rigid taxonomic variables. The new species can be distinguished from its relative species in the following combination of characters: deep black body and fins, 4-5 branched dorsal-fin soft rays, 72-75 anal fin rays, 58-60 total vertebrae, 26-32 total gill rakers; deeper and wider body; deeper caudal peduncle; greater pre occipital and post occipital distances and longer anal fin. The new fish is edible and found in freshwater rivers, streams, ponds and paddy fields in Kerala. It is also cultivated in some artificial impoundments. Heteropneustes fuscus is compared with its congeners, scientifically named and taxonomically described.
Keywords: Biodiversity, description, Heteropneustes fossilis, scientific naming, taxonomy
Full pdf -- smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/9564/5417
==========================
Volume 22, Number 12, December 2021 E-ISSN: 2085-4722
Pages: 87-98 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221212
Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India
MATHEWS PLAMOOTTIL Department of Zoology, Government College. Kottayam, Kerala 686013, India. Tel/fax.: +91-944-7059690, email: mathewsplamoottil@gmail.com
Manuscript received: 30 September 2021. Revision accepted: 13 December 2021.
Abstract. Plamoottil M. 2021. Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 22: 87-98. Heteropneustes fuscus, a new catfish species, is described from Kerala, India; it is a close congener of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) described from Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu. Heteropneustes fuscus has been misidentified as H. fossilis until now, but it differs from Bloch's species in color and many other rigid taxonomic variables. The new species can be distinguished from its relative species in the following combination of characters: deep black body and fins, 4-5 branched dorsal-fin soft rays, 72-75 anal fin rays, 58-60 total vertebrae, 26-32 total gill rakers; deeper and wider body; deeper caudal peduncle; greater pre occipital and post occipital distances and longer anal fin. The new fish is edible and found in freshwater rivers, streams, ponds and paddy fields in Kerala. It is also cultivated in some artificial impoundments. Heteropneustes fuscus is compared with its congeners, scientifically named and taxonomically described.
Keywords: Biodiversity, description, Heteropneustes fossilis, scientific naming, taxonomy
Full pdf -- smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/9564/5417
==========================
Heteropneustesfuscus(Siluriformes:Heteropneustidae),anewcatfishspeciesfromKerala,IndiaMATHEWSPLAMOOTTILDepartmentofZoology,GovernmentCollege.Kottayam,Kerala686013,India.Tel/fax.:+91-944-7059690,email:mathewsplamoottil@gmail.comManuscriptreceived:30September2021.Revisionaccepted:13December2021.Abstract.PlamoottilM.2021.Heteropneustesfuscus(Siluriformes:Heteropneustidae),anewcatfishspeciesfromKerala,India.Biodiversitas22:87-98.Heteropneustesfuscus,anewcatfishspecies,isdescribedfromKerala,India;itisaclosecongenerofHeteropneustesfossilis(Bloch,1794)describedfromTranquebarinTamilNadu.HeteropneustesfuscushasbeenmisidentifiedasH.fossilisuntilnow,butitdiffersfromBloch'sspeciesincolorandmanyotherrigidtaxonomicvariables.Thenewspeciescanbedistinguishedfromitsrelativespeciesinthefollowingcombinationofcharacters:deepblackbodyandfins,4-5brancheddorsal-finsoftrays,72-75analfinrays,58-60totalvertebrae,26-32totalgillrakers;deeperandwiderbody;deepercaudalpeduncle;greaterpreoccipitalandpostoccipitaldistancesandlongeranalfin.Thenewfishisedibleandfoundinfreshwaterrivers,streams,pondsandpaddyfieldsinKerala.Itisalsocultivatedinsomeartificialimpoundments.Heteropneustesfuscusiscomparedwithitscongeners,scientificallynamedandtaxonomicallydescribed.Keywords:Biodiversity,description,Heteropneustesfossilis,scientificnaming,taxonomyINTRODUCTIONSpeciesofHeteropneustesMuller(Siluriformes:Heteropneustidae),theAsianstingingcatfishes,arecommerciallyimportantfreshwaterfishesdistributedthroughoutthesouthandsoutheastAsiancountries.Silurus(Bloch1794;Hamilton1822;Swainson1939),Saccobranchus(Valenciennes1840;Jerdon1849;Gunther1864)andClarisilurus(Fowler1937)arethediversenamesassignedtothegenusbyvarioustaxonomists.ThebodyofHeteropneustesiselongated,theheadisdepressedandcoveredwithosseousplatesandhasfourpairsofbarbels.Thebodyalsohasapairofaccessoryrespiratoryorgansintheformofairsacsextendingbackwardfromthegillchamberonbothsidesofthevertebralcolumn.Thedorsalfinissmallanddevoidofbonyspines;thepectoralspineisstrongandinternallyserratedandthecaudalfinisrounded(Nelson2006).Thestingingcatfishmostlyinhabitsrivers,swamps,ponds,marshlandsandmuddystreams(FroeseandPauly2018).Theyareextensivelyfishedandculturedbecauseoftheirnutritionalquality(SahaandGuha1939;Aloketal.1993),medicinalvalue(JhaandRayamajhi2010)andlow-fatcontent(Rahmanetal.1982).Theyarealsoimportantforresearchstudiesowingtothepossessionofaccessoryrespiratoryorgans(Burgess1989;Jha2009;Kasherwanietal.2009).Ratmuangkhwangetal.(2014)collectedmanyspecimensofHeteropneustesfromMyanmar,ThailandandIndia(WestBengal,Assam,TamilNaduandKerala)andconductedmoleculartaxonomicstudiesthatdemonstratedtheexistenceofthreedistinctcladesinHeteropneustesfossiliscomplexinsoutheastAsiaandnortheasternandsouthwesternIndiaandtreatedthemasseparatespecies.However,theycouldnotcollectH.fossilisfromTranquebar,itstypelocality.RecentlythisauthorcouldprocuresomespecimensofHeteropneustesspeciesfromPathanamthittaofKeralawhich,oncarefulexamination,disclosedmarkeddifferencesfromH.fossiliscollectedfromitstypelocalityandfromitsothercongeners.Itisdescribedhereasanewspecies,Heteropneustesfuscus.MATERIALSANDMETHODSInconnectionwiththeSERBMajorResearchProject(CRG)ofDST,GovtofIndia,thisauthorvisitedmanyareasofsouthIndiaforfishcollectionandtaxonomicanalysis.ThissurveyresultedintheprocurementofmanyrarefreshwaterfishesfromvariousaquaticbodiesofKerala,KarnatakaandTamilNadu.DifferentcolorvariantsofHeteropneusteswerecollectedfromvariouspartsofsouthIndia.Theblack-coloredHeteropneustesfromthePathanamthittadistrictshowedmarkeddifferencesfromitsoriginaldescription.Thisledtheauthortoconductmoretaxonomicalstudiesonthisblack-coloredstingingcatfish.Fivespecimensofthisfishwerecollected,duringmorninghours,usinggillnets,anesthetized,andfixedin10%formaldehydesolution;theywereexaminedandtaxonomicallyanalyzed;specimensofHeteropneustesfossilis,theclosecongener,werecollectedbytheauthorfromTranquebar,itstypelocality,andcomparedwiththenewspecies.Measurementsofpartsofthebodyandheadweretakenusingdialcalipers;meristiccountsweretakenusingamagnifyinglensandastereomicroscope;vertebralnumberswerecountedfromradiographs.Formeasurementsandcomparisons,Jayaram(2002)wasfollowed;measurementsandcountsweremadeontheleft
Squatina mapama n. sp., a new cryptic species of angel shark (Elasmobranchii: Squatinidae) from the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Long, Douglas J.; Ebert, David A.; Tavera, Jose; Acero P., Arturo; Robertson, D.R.
Integrating both morphological and genetic data, we describe Squatina mapama, a new species of the angel shark genus Squatina, found on the upper continental slope off the Caribbean coast of Panamá. Distinguishing characters of S. mapama include a wider pectoral and pelvic span; a shorter head length; a narrower mouth; short fringed nasal flaps and barbels; a few large denticles on top of the head; a single dorsal midline row of slightly enlarged denticles from the level of the posterior insertion of the pelvic fin to the first dorsal fin and continuing past the first dorsal fin to the second dorsal-fin origin; and the presence of smaller scattered spots in males, which, in combination, allow separation of this new species from the closely related and sympatric species Squatina david. The new species can be distinguished from all other currently recognized Squatina species by meristic and morphometric measures, as well as by sequence differences in the mtDNA COI marker. Phylogenetic analysis shows Squatina mapama n. sp. to be a basal member of a small clade of western Atlantic Squatina species that includes Squatina occulta, Squatina guggenheim, and S. david, which likely evolved in the late Oligocene or Miocene period. We also report a western range extension of S. david from Colombia to the western Caribbean coast of Panamá.
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Integrating both morphological and genetic data, we describe Squatina mapama, a new species of the angel shark genus Squatina, found on the upper continental slope off the Caribbean coast of Panamá. Distinguishing characters of S. mapama include a wider pectoral and pelvic span; a shorter head length; a narrower mouth; short fringed nasal flaps and barbels; a few large denticles on top of the head; a single dorsal midline row of slightly enlarged denticles from the level of the posterior insertion of the pelvic fin to the first dorsal fin and continuing past the first dorsal fin to the second dorsal-fin origin; and the presence of smaller scattered spots in males, which, in combination, allow separation of this new species from the closely related and sympatric species Squatina david. The new species can be distinguished from all other currently recognized Squatina species by meristic and morphometric measures, as well as by sequence differences in the mtDNA COI marker. Phylogenetic analysis shows Squatina mapama n. sp. to be a basal member of a small clade of western Atlantic Squatina species that includes Squatina occulta, Squatina guggenheim, and S. david, which likely evolved in the late Oligocene or Miocene period. We also report a western range extension of S. david from Colombia to the western Caribbean coast of Panamá.
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Capoeta raghazensis, a new species of algae-scraping cyprinid from the Raghaz Canyon in Hormuz basin, southern Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Soheil EAGDERI, Hamed MOUSAVI-SABET
AbstractCapoeta raghazensis, new species, is described from the Raghaz Canyon, Hormuz basin, southern Iran. It is distinguished from its congeners in Iran by having one pair of barbels, a moderately ossified last unbranched dorsal-fin ray which smaller than head length; no black spots on head, body and dorsal fin; 69–77 lateral line scales; 11–13 scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; 9–10 scales between anal-fin origin and lateral line; 11–14 total gill rakers, small barbels (7–13% HL), short head (20–24% SL), and short pectoral fin (10–15% SL).
Keywords
Hormuz basin, Freshwater, Iran, Taxonomy, Middle East.
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Soheil EAGDERI, Hamed MOUSAVI-SABET
AbstractCapoeta raghazensis, new species, is described from the Raghaz Canyon, Hormuz basin, southern Iran. It is distinguished from its congeners in Iran by having one pair of barbels, a moderately ossified last unbranched dorsal-fin ray which smaller than head length; no black spots on head, body and dorsal fin; 69–77 lateral line scales; 11–13 scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; 9–10 scales between anal-fin origin and lateral line; 11–14 total gill rakers, small barbels (7–13% HL), short head (20–24% SL), and short pectoral fin (10–15% SL).
Keywords
Hormuz basin, Freshwater, Iran, Taxonomy, Middle East.
Full Text:
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A phylogeny of the genus Limia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) suggests a single-lake radiation nested in a Caribbean-wide allopatric speciation scenario
ResultsFor 12 Limia species, we obtained almost complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships. We included sequences of six further Limia species from GenBank (total N = 18 species). Our phylogenies are in concordance with other published phylogenies of Limia. There is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic, confirming a recent local radiation. Within Lake Miragoâne, speciation is likely extremely recent, leading to incomplete lineage sorting in the mtDNA. Future studies using multiple unlinked genetic markers are needed to disentangle the relationships within the Lake Miragoâne clade.
IntroductionThe Caribbean is considered one of the most important global biodiversity hotspots [1]. The largest biodiversity is found in the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico) where a remarkable diversification is observed in freshwater fishes [2,3,4,5], amphibians [6, 7], reptiles [8, 9], invertebrates [10,11,12] and plants [13, 14], putatively driven by a complex geological history, environmental heterogeneity, and the tropical climate [15, 16].
Adaptive radiations typically occur when a set of open niches becomes available because of a key innovation or the arrival of a founder species, which subsequently differentiates to occupy these niches [17]. Many classical examples are linked to islands, as Darwin’s Finches on the Galapagos islands, all of which go back to a single ancestor [18,19,20]. Research on Darwin’s Finches also highlighted the role of hybridization in speciation [21]. Other well-explored radiations include Hawaiian silverswords [22,23,24] and Hawaiian honeycreepers [25]. In all these examples, molecular evidence has played an important role in understanding the evolutionary processes of speciation. Probably the best-known examples from the Caribbean region are Anolis lizards [26] and Eleutherodactylus frogs [27].
Poeciliidae are freshwater livebearing fishes that have experienced an enormous radiation in aquatic environments of the West Indies with three endemic genera (Girardinus, Quintana and Limia) distributed in the Antilles [3, 4, 28, 29]. The Caribbean is also the site of two lesser known radiations in isolated inland lakes, both of which involve fishes of the genus Cyprinodon [30,31,32,33]. These Caribbean fishes share many characteristics with the most prominent example of radiation in freshwater fishes, the cichlids in lakes of the Rift Valley of East Africa, where each lake has produced a distinct cichlid fauna [34,35,36]. One of the important drivers for speciation in these fishes seems to be feeding specializations [33, 37, 38]. Furthermore, as generally predicted from the theory of island biogeography [39] and recently empirically confirmed for island birds [40, 41], the number and diversity of species in both the Rift Valley lakes and Greater Antilles correlates with the size of the habitat.
Among livebearing fishes of the Greater Antilles, the origin of the different lineages and species composition within each genus may show peculiar patterns [39, 42]. Limia is part of the unique freshwater fish fauna of the Greater Antilles. It is found in most freshwater habitats in Hispaniola, ranging from hypersaline lagoons to relatively cool mountain streams [43, 44]. Limia species are generally feeding generalists [2, 45, 46]. Their distribution indicates a radiation on Hispaniola [2, 47], with 19 of the 23 known species found on this island [46, 48] (Additional file 1). By contrast, on Cuba, Jamaica, and Grand Cayman, only one species each is found [28, 44, 49]. Within Hispaniola, nine Limia species (L. fuscomaculata, L. garnieri, L. grossidens, L. immaculata, L. islai, L. mandibularis, L. miragoanensis, L. nigrofasciata, L. ornata) have been described from a single site, Lake Miragoâne. This lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the Caribbean and is located in the southwestern part of Haiti. It comprises an isolated, endorheic drainage [50]. A Limia radiation there was hypothesized by Rivas [2] and has received renewed attention through the description of two new species from the lake [43, 45]. However, few studies have examined the evolutionary history of the fishes found in Lake Miragoâne.
Without specific attention to Lake Miragoâne, some studies of Limia have resolved the general phylogeny of the genus. Current literature suggests Limia to form a monophyletic group with the genera Pamphorichthys, Mollienesia, Micropoecilia, and Poecilia, with Limia as sister taxon to Poecilia [51,52,53]. Limia melanogaster is the most basal species, branching off early and colonizing Jamaica [2]. Limia melanogaster’s divergence was followed by the colonization of Hispaniola, where the species diverged into over 20 recognized species [44]. Nested within the species native to Hispaniola are L. vittata and L. caymanensis [2, 54] which are the only species native to their respective islands, Cuba and Grand Cayman [28, 44]. Most previous analyses target only a few species [52, 53, 55]. The most comprehensive phylogeny to date used nine species of Limia. Among them were only two native to Lake Miragoâne, Limia nigrofasciata and Limia islai [2, 44, 46], such that Riva’s hypothesis of a local radiation within Lake Miragoâne [1] could so far not been tested.
Our study comprises 18 out of 23 currently recognized species of Limia. It is particularly novel regarding its more comprehensive sampling of Lake Miragoâne, including five of its native species. We expected that if a local radiation event did occur in Lake Miragoâne, those species native to the lake should form a monophyletic clade.
Main textMaterials and methodsSamplingIngroup sampling consisted of 67 individuals representing 18 species of Limia (Additional files 2, 3). Twelve Limia species were obtained from wild-caught populations. Sequences from six Limia species were obtained from GenBank: L. garnieri, L. melanonotata, L. pauciradiata, L. rivasi, L. versicolor, and L. sulphurophila. Outgroup sampling consisted of eight individuals representing three species of Poecilia, the sister taxon to Limia [28, 44, 55]: P. dominicensis [45], P. hispaniolana [56], both endemic to Hispaniola, and P. mexicana from the Atlantic side of Mexico. We used four to five individuals per species, except in cases where sampling was limited.
Molecular methodsWe targeted the mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships as in recent radiations (see [57] for a fish example) for which we obtained an almost complete sequence.
Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol [58]. DNA concentration was measured using a NanoDrop ND-1000 and ranged from 2.7 to 120 ng/µl. Via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), we amplified 1127 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Primers and reaction profiles were modified from Hrbek et al. ([51]; Additional file 4). Except for L. vittata, P. dominicensis, and P. hispaniolana, the primer combinations L14725 and H15981 were used. 1 µl DNA isolate was used during amplification (increased to 2 µl if DNA concentration was below 20 ng/µl). PCR reactions contained 0.12 µl of 5 U/µl MyTaq mtDNA polymerase (Bioline), 0.5 µl of each 10 µM primer, 5 µl of 5 × MyTaq reaction buffer and HPLC H2O up to a final volume of 50 μl. PCR products were sequenced using Applied Biosystems™ BigDye™ Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kits (ThermoFisher), purified with ExoSAP (Exonuclease I [59] and Antarctic Phosphatase [60]) according to manuals from New England Biolabs, and run on an Applied Biosystems™ 3500 sequencer.
Phylogenetic and haplotype network analysesSequences were manually edited and aligned with ClustalW in BioEdit v.7.2 [61, 62] and 1127 bp of cytochrome b were used in phylogenetic analyses. Potential mutation saturation was assessed with DAMBE [63]. We conducted Maximum Likelihood analyses using RAxML GUI v.2.0 [64, 65] and assessing clade support via 10,000 rapid bootstrap pseudoreplicates. Separately, we conducted Bayesian analyses in MrBayes v.3.2.7. [66], where we ran four Markov chains for 10,00,000 iterations, sampling every 1000 iterations, with three heated chains and one cold chain and default parameters unlinked across partitions. Convergence was assessed using Tracer v.1.7. All parameter estimates were verified to have been sampled sufficiently (ESS > 200). We removed the first 25% of our trees as burn-in, such that 3002 trees were retained. Nodes were considered with bootstrap support (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) greater than 70 and 0.95, respectively [67, 68]. A haplotype network was constructed within PopArt [69] using a median joining network [70]. Genetic distances between taxonomic groups were calculated in MEGA [71].
ResultsThere was no indication of mutation saturation in our data set (Additional file 5). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian trees revealed nearly identical topologies for interspecific relationships (Fig. 1). In both trees, there is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic (BS = 97; PP = 1.0). However, within Lake Miragoâne, L. mandibularis is the only species resolved as a monophyletic group, while the phenotypically described species L. islai, L. immacualata, L. miragoanensis, and L. nigrofasciata form a polytomy.
==========================
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ResultsFor 12 Limia species, we obtained almost complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships. We included sequences of six further Limia species from GenBank (total N = 18 species). Our phylogenies are in concordance with other published phylogenies of Limia. There is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic, confirming a recent local radiation. Within Lake Miragoâne, speciation is likely extremely recent, leading to incomplete lineage sorting in the mtDNA. Future studies using multiple unlinked genetic markers are needed to disentangle the relationships within the Lake Miragoâne clade.
IntroductionThe Caribbean is considered one of the most important global biodiversity hotspots [1]. The largest biodiversity is found in the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico) where a remarkable diversification is observed in freshwater fishes [2,3,4,5], amphibians [6, 7], reptiles [8, 9], invertebrates [10,11,12] and plants [13, 14], putatively driven by a complex geological history, environmental heterogeneity, and the tropical climate [15, 16].
Adaptive radiations typically occur when a set of open niches becomes available because of a key innovation or the arrival of a founder species, which subsequently differentiates to occupy these niches [17]. Many classical examples are linked to islands, as Darwin’s Finches on the Galapagos islands, all of which go back to a single ancestor [18,19,20]. Research on Darwin’s Finches also highlighted the role of hybridization in speciation [21]. Other well-explored radiations include Hawaiian silverswords [22,23,24] and Hawaiian honeycreepers [25]. In all these examples, molecular evidence has played an important role in understanding the evolutionary processes of speciation. Probably the best-known examples from the Caribbean region are Anolis lizards [26] and Eleutherodactylus frogs [27].
Poeciliidae are freshwater livebearing fishes that have experienced an enormous radiation in aquatic environments of the West Indies with three endemic genera (Girardinus, Quintana and Limia) distributed in the Antilles [3, 4, 28, 29]. The Caribbean is also the site of two lesser known radiations in isolated inland lakes, both of which involve fishes of the genus Cyprinodon [30,31,32,33]. These Caribbean fishes share many characteristics with the most prominent example of radiation in freshwater fishes, the cichlids in lakes of the Rift Valley of East Africa, where each lake has produced a distinct cichlid fauna [34,35,36]. One of the important drivers for speciation in these fishes seems to be feeding specializations [33, 37, 38]. Furthermore, as generally predicted from the theory of island biogeography [39] and recently empirically confirmed for island birds [40, 41], the number and diversity of species in both the Rift Valley lakes and Greater Antilles correlates with the size of the habitat.
Among livebearing fishes of the Greater Antilles, the origin of the different lineages and species composition within each genus may show peculiar patterns [39, 42]. Limia is part of the unique freshwater fish fauna of the Greater Antilles. It is found in most freshwater habitats in Hispaniola, ranging from hypersaline lagoons to relatively cool mountain streams [43, 44]. Limia species are generally feeding generalists [2, 45, 46]. Their distribution indicates a radiation on Hispaniola [2, 47], with 19 of the 23 known species found on this island [46, 48] (Additional file 1). By contrast, on Cuba, Jamaica, and Grand Cayman, only one species each is found [28, 44, 49]. Within Hispaniola, nine Limia species (L. fuscomaculata, L. garnieri, L. grossidens, L. immaculata, L. islai, L. mandibularis, L. miragoanensis, L. nigrofasciata, L. ornata) have been described from a single site, Lake Miragoâne. This lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the Caribbean and is located in the southwestern part of Haiti. It comprises an isolated, endorheic drainage [50]. A Limia radiation there was hypothesized by Rivas [2] and has received renewed attention through the description of two new species from the lake [43, 45]. However, few studies have examined the evolutionary history of the fishes found in Lake Miragoâne.
Without specific attention to Lake Miragoâne, some studies of Limia have resolved the general phylogeny of the genus. Current literature suggests Limia to form a monophyletic group with the genera Pamphorichthys, Mollienesia, Micropoecilia, and Poecilia, with Limia as sister taxon to Poecilia [51,52,53]. Limia melanogaster is the most basal species, branching off early and colonizing Jamaica [2]. Limia melanogaster’s divergence was followed by the colonization of Hispaniola, where the species diverged into over 20 recognized species [44]. Nested within the species native to Hispaniola are L. vittata and L. caymanensis [2, 54] which are the only species native to their respective islands, Cuba and Grand Cayman [28, 44]. Most previous analyses target only a few species [52, 53, 55]. The most comprehensive phylogeny to date used nine species of Limia. Among them were only two native to Lake Miragoâne, Limia nigrofasciata and Limia islai [2, 44, 46], such that Riva’s hypothesis of a local radiation within Lake Miragoâne [1] could so far not been tested.
Our study comprises 18 out of 23 currently recognized species of Limia. It is particularly novel regarding its more comprehensive sampling of Lake Miragoâne, including five of its native species. We expected that if a local radiation event did occur in Lake Miragoâne, those species native to the lake should form a monophyletic clade.
Main textMaterials and methodsSamplingIngroup sampling consisted of 67 individuals representing 18 species of Limia (Additional files 2, 3). Twelve Limia species were obtained from wild-caught populations. Sequences from six Limia species were obtained from GenBank: L. garnieri, L. melanonotata, L. pauciradiata, L. rivasi, L. versicolor, and L. sulphurophila. Outgroup sampling consisted of eight individuals representing three species of Poecilia, the sister taxon to Limia [28, 44, 55]: P. dominicensis [45], P. hispaniolana [56], both endemic to Hispaniola, and P. mexicana from the Atlantic side of Mexico. We used four to five individuals per species, except in cases where sampling was limited.
Molecular methodsWe targeted the mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships as in recent radiations (see [57] for a fish example) for which we obtained an almost complete sequence.
Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol [58]. DNA concentration was measured using a NanoDrop ND-1000 and ranged from 2.7 to 120 ng/µl. Via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), we amplified 1127 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Primers and reaction profiles were modified from Hrbek et al. ([51]; Additional file 4). Except for L. vittata, P. dominicensis, and P. hispaniolana, the primer combinations L14725 and H15981 were used. 1 µl DNA isolate was used during amplification (increased to 2 µl if DNA concentration was below 20 ng/µl). PCR reactions contained 0.12 µl of 5 U/µl MyTaq mtDNA polymerase (Bioline), 0.5 µl of each 10 µM primer, 5 µl of 5 × MyTaq reaction buffer and HPLC H2O up to a final volume of 50 μl. PCR products were sequenced using Applied Biosystems™ BigDye™ Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kits (ThermoFisher), purified with ExoSAP (Exonuclease I [59] and Antarctic Phosphatase [60]) according to manuals from New England Biolabs, and run on an Applied Biosystems™ 3500 sequencer.
Phylogenetic and haplotype network analysesSequences were manually edited and aligned with ClustalW in BioEdit v.7.2 [61, 62] and 1127 bp of cytochrome b were used in phylogenetic analyses. Potential mutation saturation was assessed with DAMBE [63]. We conducted Maximum Likelihood analyses using RAxML GUI v.2.0 [64, 65] and assessing clade support via 10,000 rapid bootstrap pseudoreplicates. Separately, we conducted Bayesian analyses in MrBayes v.3.2.7. [66], where we ran four Markov chains for 10,00,000 iterations, sampling every 1000 iterations, with three heated chains and one cold chain and default parameters unlinked across partitions. Convergence was assessed using Tracer v.1.7. All parameter estimates were verified to have been sampled sufficiently (ESS > 200). We removed the first 25% of our trees as burn-in, such that 3002 trees were retained. Nodes were considered with bootstrap support (BS) and Bayesian posterior probability (PP) greater than 70 and 0.95, respectively [67, 68]. A haplotype network was constructed within PopArt [69] using a median joining network [70]. Genetic distances between taxonomic groups were calculated in MEGA [71].
ResultsThere was no indication of mutation saturation in our data set (Additional file 5). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian trees revealed nearly identical topologies for interspecific relationships (Fig. 1). In both trees, there is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic (BS = 97; PP = 1.0). However, within Lake Miragoâne, L. mandibularis is the only species resolved as a monophyletic group, while the phenotypically described species L. islai, L. immacualata, L. miragoanensis, and L. nigrofasciata form a polytomy.
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Systematics and Biodiversity Volume 19, 2021 - Issue 8
Museum specimens reveal a rare new characid fish genus, helping to refine the interrelationships of the Probolodini (Characidae: Stethaprioninae)Guilherme Frainer
,
Fernando R. Carvalho
,
VinÍCius A. Bertaco
&
Luiz R. Malabarba
Pages 1135-1148 | Published online: 17 Nov 2021
Abstract(Received 7 July 2021; accepted 23 September 2021) Two new characid fish species are described from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás State, Brazil. Both species were discovered among specimens in museum collections. Relationships of taxa were evaluated in a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis utilizing the largest dataset available of molecular and morphological data for the family Characidae. The two species were recovered as sister species and described in a new genus, closely related to Erythrocharax and Phycocharax. Dinotopterygium gen. nov. is distinguished from all other characid genera by the unique combination of ten synapomorphies, including the unique anal-fin morphology with a small number of branched anal-fin rays (13-16). Dinotopterygium uniodon sp. nov. and D. diodon sp. nov. differ by the number of tooth series in the premaxillary bone (one or two) and number of tooth cusps (7 or 5). The additional phenotypic variation for a taxonomically informative character within the Characidae through the discovery of new forms has helped to refine the interrelationship of the tribe Probolodini (Characidae: Stethaprioninae). The discovery of these new and possibly critically endangered species emphasizes the importance of museum collections for understanding biodiversity past and present.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0FD8207-590B-4FF7-B9CA-FD481A7F8B0E
Key words:
BiodiversityCharacidaeDinotopterygiummuseum collectionsphylogeny
Previous articleView issue table of contentsNext articleAcknowledgementsWe are grateful to Osvaldo Oyakawa, Alessio Datovo and Mario de Pinna (MZUSP) for selection and loan of specimens; to Fernando Dagosta (UFGD, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados) by conceding photos of D. diodon paratypes; to Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, CME (UFRGS) for the SEM preparations. A special thanks to Juan Marcos Mirande (UEL-CONICET) for his assistance on the phylogenetic analysis.
==========================
Museum specimens reveal a rare new characid fish genus, helping to refine the interrelationships of the Probolodini (Characidae: Stethaprioninae)Guilherme Frainer
,
Fernando R. Carvalho
,
VinÍCius A. Bertaco
&
Luiz R. Malabarba
Pages 1135-1148 | Published online: 17 Nov 2021
Abstract(Received 7 July 2021; accepted 23 September 2021) Two new characid fish species are described from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás State, Brazil. Both species were discovered among specimens in museum collections. Relationships of taxa were evaluated in a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis utilizing the largest dataset available of molecular and morphological data for the family Characidae. The two species were recovered as sister species and described in a new genus, closely related to Erythrocharax and Phycocharax. Dinotopterygium gen. nov. is distinguished from all other characid genera by the unique combination of ten synapomorphies, including the unique anal-fin morphology with a small number of branched anal-fin rays (13-16). Dinotopterygium uniodon sp. nov. and D. diodon sp. nov. differ by the number of tooth series in the premaxillary bone (one or two) and number of tooth cusps (7 or 5). The additional phenotypic variation for a taxonomically informative character within the Characidae through the discovery of new forms has helped to refine the interrelationship of the tribe Probolodini (Characidae: Stethaprioninae). The discovery of these new and possibly critically endangered species emphasizes the importance of museum collections for understanding biodiversity past and present.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0FD8207-590B-4FF7-B9CA-FD481A7F8B0E
Key words:
BiodiversityCharacidaeDinotopterygiummuseum collectionsphylogeny
Previous articleView issue table of contentsNext articleAcknowledgementsWe are grateful to Osvaldo Oyakawa, Alessio Datovo and Mario de Pinna (MZUSP) for selection and loan of specimens; to Fernando Dagosta (UFGD, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados) by conceding photos of D. diodon paratypes; to Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, CME (UFRGS) for the SEM preparations. A special thanks to Juan Marcos Mirande (UEL-CONICET) for his assistance on the phylogenetic analysis.
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Barbodes sellifer & B. zakariaismaili • Two New Species of Barbodes (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Malay Peninsula and Comments on ‘Cryptic Species’ in the B. binotatus Group
Barbodes sellifer
Kottelat & Lim, 2021
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 69;
Abstract
Barbodes sellifer, new species, is described from Singapore, the southern Malay Peninsula and Riau (Sumatra). It is distinguished by having, among others, a large triangular to rectangular blotch between the dorsal fin and the midlateral row of scales (+1). Barbodes zakariaismaili, new species, is described from the Jelai watershed of the Pahang drainage. It is distinguished, among others, by having an elongated blotch on the anterior third of scale rows 0 and +1, and a narrow, faint bar between dorsal-fin origin and scale row +1. The existence of the supposed B. binotatus cryptic species is discussed; it does not satisfy any of the criteria under different concepts and this terminology should not be used. Among others, it is made of diagnosable units, and the morphological disparity among the supposed ‘cryptic’ taxa is not substantially lower than among non-‘cryptic’ relatives. It is simply a taxonomically difficult group.
Key words. Barbodes, Singapore, Malaysia, cryptic species
Fig. 3. Barbodes sellifer, new species, ZRC 21699, 42.4 mm SL; Malaysia: Terengganu: Sekayu. (Photograph by M. Kottelat).
Fig. 3. Barbodes sellifer, new species, about 60 mm SL; Singapore: Nee Soon swamp forest (type locality). Live specimen, in situ, January 2005, not preserved. (Photograph by Nick Baker).
Barbodes sellifer, new species
Diagnosis. Barbodes sellifer, new species, is distinguished from all other species that have been placed in the B. binotatus group by the presence in adults of a large triangular to rectangular blotch extending downwards from in front of and below the base of the dorsal fin in adults (sometimes incomplete or narrower); juveniles have a midlateral row of 3–5 black spots, with the second spot vertically elongated, contacting a small spot below branched dorsal-fin rays 1–2.
Etymology. Sellifer is a Latin adjective meaning ‘bearing a saddle’ (feminine: sellifera, neuter: selliferum).
The forest stream (a) inhabited by Barbodes sellifer, new species, in the type locality, Nee Soon swamp-forest in Singapore;
and a view from the surface (b) showing a congregation of many individuals of B. sellifer (with the distinct black subdorsal blotch) with a few Rasbora elegans (with the two black spots on the side).
(Photographs by K. K. P. Lim, March 2005).
Barbodes zakariaismaili, new species
Diagnosis. Barbodes zakariaismaili, new species, is distinguished from all other species of the B. binotatus group by its unique colour pattern in adults, including a faint longitudinally elongate blackish midlateral mark from the upper extremity of the gill opening to below the dorsal-fin origin; a black spot below the anterior part of the dorsal-fin base, extending downwards to the midlateral row as a narrow triangular mark; and a blackish spot at the end of the caudal peduncle. Other characters useful for identification, but not unique to the species, are: slender body (depth 2.9–3.1 times in SL); interobital area convex; eye not flush with dorsal profile, relatively small (4–5 times in head length, 1.5–1.9 times in interorbital distance); juveniles with a conspicuous reticulate pattern made of black pigments on scale pockets.
Etymology. The species is named for Mohd. Zakaria-Ismail in appreciation for his work on the fish fauna of Malaysia. A noun in the genitive, indeclinable.
Maurice Kottelat and Kelvin K. P. Lim. 2021. Two New Species of Barbodes from the Malay Peninsula and Comments on ‘Cryptic Species’ in the B. binotatus Group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 69; 522–540.
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Barbodes sellifer
Kottelat & Lim, 2021
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 69;
Abstract
Barbodes sellifer, new species, is described from Singapore, the southern Malay Peninsula and Riau (Sumatra). It is distinguished by having, among others, a large triangular to rectangular blotch between the dorsal fin and the midlateral row of scales (+1). Barbodes zakariaismaili, new species, is described from the Jelai watershed of the Pahang drainage. It is distinguished, among others, by having an elongated blotch on the anterior third of scale rows 0 and +1, and a narrow, faint bar between dorsal-fin origin and scale row +1. The existence of the supposed B. binotatus cryptic species is discussed; it does not satisfy any of the criteria under different concepts and this terminology should not be used. Among others, it is made of diagnosable units, and the morphological disparity among the supposed ‘cryptic’ taxa is not substantially lower than among non-‘cryptic’ relatives. It is simply a taxonomically difficult group.
Key words. Barbodes, Singapore, Malaysia, cryptic species
Fig. 3. Barbodes sellifer, new species, ZRC 21699, 42.4 mm SL; Malaysia: Terengganu: Sekayu. (Photograph by M. Kottelat).
Fig. 3. Barbodes sellifer, new species, about 60 mm SL; Singapore: Nee Soon swamp forest (type locality). Live specimen, in situ, January 2005, not preserved. (Photograph by Nick Baker).
Barbodes sellifer, new species
Diagnosis. Barbodes sellifer, new species, is distinguished from all other species that have been placed in the B. binotatus group by the presence in adults of a large triangular to rectangular blotch extending downwards from in front of and below the base of the dorsal fin in adults (sometimes incomplete or narrower); juveniles have a midlateral row of 3–5 black spots, with the second spot vertically elongated, contacting a small spot below branched dorsal-fin rays 1–2.
Etymology. Sellifer is a Latin adjective meaning ‘bearing a saddle’ (feminine: sellifera, neuter: selliferum).
The forest stream (a) inhabited by Barbodes sellifer, new species, in the type locality, Nee Soon swamp-forest in Singapore;
and a view from the surface (b) showing a congregation of many individuals of B. sellifer (with the distinct black subdorsal blotch) with a few Rasbora elegans (with the two black spots on the side).
(Photographs by K. K. P. Lim, March 2005).
Barbodes zakariaismaili, new species
Diagnosis. Barbodes zakariaismaili, new species, is distinguished from all other species of the B. binotatus group by its unique colour pattern in adults, including a faint longitudinally elongate blackish midlateral mark from the upper extremity of the gill opening to below the dorsal-fin origin; a black spot below the anterior part of the dorsal-fin base, extending downwards to the midlateral row as a narrow triangular mark; and a blackish spot at the end of the caudal peduncle. Other characters useful for identification, but not unique to the species, are: slender body (depth 2.9–3.1 times in SL); interobital area convex; eye not flush with dorsal profile, relatively small (4–5 times in head length, 1.5–1.9 times in interorbital distance); juveniles with a conspicuous reticulate pattern made of black pigments on scale pockets.
Etymology. The species is named for Mohd. Zakaria-Ismail in appreciation for his work on the fish fauna of Malaysia. A noun in the genitive, indeclinable.
Maurice Kottelat and Kelvin K. P. Lim. 2021. Two New Species of Barbodes from the Malay Peninsula and Comments on ‘Cryptic Species’ in the B. binotatus Group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 69; 522–540.
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A new species of Satanoperca (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil
Renata Rúbia Ota1 , Gabriel de Carvalho Deprá1, Sven Kullander2, Weferson Júnio da Graça1,3,4 and Carla Simone Pavanelli 1,3
PDF: EN XML: EN | Supplementary: S1 | Cite this article
Abstract A new species of Satanoperca is described from the Rio Araguaia, Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil, and non-native records are available in the upper Rio Paraná basin. It differs from congeneric species by color pattern characters, such as head and flank marks. It is included in the Satanoperca jurupari species group, characterized by the absence of black rounded blotches on the flank, and low meristic values. A description of the ontogeny of melanophore marks of the S. jurupari species group revealed two different types of arrangement on the flank and numerous melanophore marks on the head. A discussion on morphologically diverse assemblages in the S. jurupari species group is also provided.
Keywords: Freshwater, Neotropical region, Non-native species, Pigmentation, Taxonomy.
IntroductionSatanoperca Günther, 1862 is a widely distributed genus in cis-Andean South America, comprising nine species distributed in two species groups sensu Willis et al. (2012). The S. daemon species-group includes S. acuticeps (Heckel, 1840), S. daemon (Heckel, 1840) and S. lilith Kullander & Ferreira, 1988 (considered as separated S. acuticeps and S. daemon species-groups by Kullander, Ferreira, 1988), and is characterized by the presence of black rounded blotches on the flank, and high meristic values. On the other hand, the S. jurupari species-group includes S. curupira Ota, Kullander, Deprá, da Graça & Pavanelli, 2018, S. jurupari (Heckel, 1840), S. leucosticta (Müller & Troschel, 1849), S. mapiritensis (Fernandéz-Yépez, 1950), S. pappaterra (Heckel, 1840), and S. rhynchitis Kullander, 2012 and is characterized by the absence of black rounded blotches on the flank, and low meristic values. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Satanoperca (e.g., López-Fernández et al., 2005, 2010; Ilves et al., 2017) and contained species groups (e.g., Willis et al., 2012).
Morphologically, among South American cichlids, Satanoperca is distinguished by a unique body shape with long snout and small mouth, and a unique combination of characters: absence of scales on dorsal- and anal-fin inter-radial membranes, ribs present on caudal vertebrae, post-abdominal extensions of swim bladder, presence of tooth plates on the ceratobranchial 4; scales on anterior half of cheek, a black blotch on the base of caudal-fin upper lobe, one or two rows of dentary teeth, three infraorbitals, equal number of abdominal and caudal vertebrae, or just one abdominal more, gill rakers attached to skin covering gill filaments, and supracleithrum frequently serrated (Kullander, 1986).
Studies on the Satanoperca jurupari species group revealed diverse assemblages, indicating the existence of new species (Kullander, Ferreira, 1988; Kullander, Nijssen, 1989; Kullander, 2012; Willis et al., 2012; Ota, 2013; Ota et al., 2018a). Despite meristic and morphometric data being conservative, the color pattern has been useful to diagnose species, especially head and flank marks (Ota et al., 2018a). Here we describe a new species in the S. jurupari species group, with meristic and morphometric data similar to other species in that group, but with a distinct color pattern. We also introduce a detailed analysis of juvenile color pattern and ontogenetic shifts in color pattern as a method of species discrimination in Satanoperca.
Full report at:- www.ni.bio.br/1982-0224-2021-0116/
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Original article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 19 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0113
A new species of Bryconops (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from Atlantic coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana
Cárlison Silva-OliveiraRafaela P. OtaMark H. SabajLúcia H. Rapp Py-DanielABOUT THE AUTHORS ABSTRACT
A new species of Bryconops is described based on its unique caudal-fin color pattern, with a dark blotch occupying the mid-basal region of the caudal-fin dorsal lobe, and a combination of 29-32 branched anal-fin rays, 44-47 perforated scales in the lateral line, six rows of scales above the lateral line, and a deep body (30.3-31.7 % SL). The new species belongs to the subgenus Bryconops based on its edentulous and short maxilla, with the posterior extension of that bone not reaching the junction between the second and third infraorbitals. The new species was previously reported in the literature as B. caudomaculatus. However, these species differ from each other in morphometric and meristic characters, as well as in color pattern. Comments on distribution of Bryconops species in coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana additional support for biogeographic hypotheses in this area.
Keywords:
Bryconops caudomaculatus; Bryconops melanurus; Caudal-fin blotch; Maroni River; Taxonomy
RESUMOUma nova espécie de Bryconops é descrita com base no colorido único da nadadeira caudal, com uma mancha escura ocupando a região médio-basal do lobo superior da nadadeira caudal, e uma combinação de 29-32 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, 44-47 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, seis séries de escamas acima da linha lateral e corpo alto (30,3-31,7 % CP). A nova espécie pertence ao subgênero Bryconops com base na maxila edêntula e curta, com extensão posterior deste osso não atingindo a junção entre segundo e terceiro infraorbitais. A nova espécie foi reportada anteriormente na literatura como B. caudomaculatus. Contudo, essas espécies diferem uma da outra em caracteres merísticos e morfométricos, bem como no padrão de coloração. Comentários sobre a distribuição das espécies de Bryconops em drenagens costeiras do Suriname e Guiana Francesa fornecem suporte adicional para as hipóteses biogeográficas nesta área.
Palavras-chave:
Bryconops caudomaculatus; Bryconops melanurus; Mancha da nadadeira caudal; Rio Maroni; Taxonomia
INTRODUCTIONBryconops Kner, 1858 is the most diverse genus of the characiform family Iguanodectidae with 27 valid species (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2020). Species of Bryconops are distributed throughout the cis-Andean river basins of South America such as the Orinoco, Amazon (including Tocantins-Araguaia), Paraguay, and São Francisco, as well as smaller Atlantic coastal drainages from Venezuela to the Parnaíba River in Brazil (van der Sleen, Moreira, 2018; Silva-Oliveira, 2020; Fricke et al., 2021). Though interspecific relationships within Bryconops remain unclear, species are currently grouped into two subgenera: Bryconops and Creatochanes (see Chernoff, Machado-Allison, 1999).
Much progress has been made on the alpha taxonomy of Bryconops in recent years. Machado-Allison et al. (1993) reviewed species occurring mainly in the Orinoco basin. Their work facilitated a series of subsequent species descriptions such as: Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996; B. vibex Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996; B. colaroja Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999; B. colanegra Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999; B. imitator Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2002; B. collettei Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2005, and B. magoiChernoff & Machado-Allison, 2005.
In the Amazon basin, nine species of Bryconops have been described in the past decade. Wingert, Malabarba (2011) described Bryconops piracolina from the rio Madeira basin; B. munduruku was described from the lower rio Tapajós (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2015), and B. tocantinensis from the upper rio Tocantins (Guedes et al., 2016). In 2018, two new species were described, B. chernoffi from the rio Maicurú (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2018), and B. sapezal from the upper rio Tapajós (Wingert et al., 2018). Finally, in the past two years four new species were discovered: Bryconops allisoni from the lower rio Tapajós (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2019a), B. rheoruber from the rio Xingu (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2019b), B. hexalepis (Guedes et al., 2019) from the upper rio Tocantins, and B. marabaixo from the rio Jarí (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2020).
Despite this progress, species-level diversity within the genus Bryconops remains underestimated. In his unpublished doctoral dissertation, Silva-Oliveira (2020) conducted a comprehensive taxonomic review of Bryconops and recognized more than a dozen undescribed species inhabiting cis-Andean basins. During the examination of extensive material of Bryconops, the senior author identified an undescribed species from Maroni River basin, the Atlantic coastal drainage separating Suriname from French Guiana and considered to be part of Greater Amazonia comprised by the Orinoco, Amazonas and Guianas drainages (sensuvan der Sleen, Albert, 2018). Thus, the goal of this paper is to describe this new species.
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A new species of Bryconops (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from Atlantic coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana
Cárlison Silva-OliveiraRafaela P. OtaMark H. SabajLúcia H. Rapp Py-DanielABOUT THE AUTHORS ABSTRACT
A new species of Bryconops is described based on its unique caudal-fin color pattern, with a dark blotch occupying the mid-basal region of the caudal-fin dorsal lobe, and a combination of 29-32 branched anal-fin rays, 44-47 perforated scales in the lateral line, six rows of scales above the lateral line, and a deep body (30.3-31.7 % SL). The new species belongs to the subgenus Bryconops based on its edentulous and short maxilla, with the posterior extension of that bone not reaching the junction between the second and third infraorbitals. The new species was previously reported in the literature as B. caudomaculatus. However, these species differ from each other in morphometric and meristic characters, as well as in color pattern. Comments on distribution of Bryconops species in coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana additional support for biogeographic hypotheses in this area.
Keywords:
Bryconops caudomaculatus; Bryconops melanurus; Caudal-fin blotch; Maroni River; Taxonomy
RESUMOUma nova espécie de Bryconops é descrita com base no colorido único da nadadeira caudal, com uma mancha escura ocupando a região médio-basal do lobo superior da nadadeira caudal, e uma combinação de 29-32 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, 44-47 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, seis séries de escamas acima da linha lateral e corpo alto (30,3-31,7 % CP). A nova espécie pertence ao subgênero Bryconops com base na maxila edêntula e curta, com extensão posterior deste osso não atingindo a junção entre segundo e terceiro infraorbitais. A nova espécie foi reportada anteriormente na literatura como B. caudomaculatus. Contudo, essas espécies diferem uma da outra em caracteres merísticos e morfométricos, bem como no padrão de coloração. Comentários sobre a distribuição das espécies de Bryconops em drenagens costeiras do Suriname e Guiana Francesa fornecem suporte adicional para as hipóteses biogeográficas nesta área.
Palavras-chave:
Bryconops caudomaculatus; Bryconops melanurus; Mancha da nadadeira caudal; Rio Maroni; Taxonomia
INTRODUCTIONBryconops Kner, 1858 is the most diverse genus of the characiform family Iguanodectidae with 27 valid species (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2020). Species of Bryconops are distributed throughout the cis-Andean river basins of South America such as the Orinoco, Amazon (including Tocantins-Araguaia), Paraguay, and São Francisco, as well as smaller Atlantic coastal drainages from Venezuela to the Parnaíba River in Brazil (van der Sleen, Moreira, 2018; Silva-Oliveira, 2020; Fricke et al., 2021). Though interspecific relationships within Bryconops remain unclear, species are currently grouped into two subgenera: Bryconops and Creatochanes (see Chernoff, Machado-Allison, 1999).
Much progress has been made on the alpha taxonomy of Bryconops in recent years. Machado-Allison et al. (1993) reviewed species occurring mainly in the Orinoco basin. Their work facilitated a series of subsequent species descriptions such as: Bryconops humeralis Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996; B. vibex Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996; B. colaroja Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999; B. colanegra Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999; B. imitator Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2002; B. collettei Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2005, and B. magoiChernoff & Machado-Allison, 2005.
In the Amazon basin, nine species of Bryconops have been described in the past decade. Wingert, Malabarba (2011) described Bryconops piracolina from the rio Madeira basin; B. munduruku was described from the lower rio Tapajós (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2015), and B. tocantinensis from the upper rio Tocantins (Guedes et al., 2016). In 2018, two new species were described, B. chernoffi from the rio Maicurú (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2018), and B. sapezal from the upper rio Tapajós (Wingert et al., 2018). Finally, in the past two years four new species were discovered: Bryconops allisoni from the lower rio Tapajós (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2019a), B. rheoruber from the rio Xingu (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2019b), B. hexalepis (Guedes et al., 2019) from the upper rio Tocantins, and B. marabaixo from the rio Jarí (Silva-Oliveira et al., 2020).
Despite this progress, species-level diversity within the genus Bryconops remains underestimated. In his unpublished doctoral dissertation, Silva-Oliveira (2020) conducted a comprehensive taxonomic review of Bryconops and recognized more than a dozen undescribed species inhabiting cis-Andean basins. During the examination of extensive material of Bryconops, the senior author identified an undescribed species from Maroni River basin, the Atlantic coastal drainage separating Suriname from French Guiana and considered to be part of Greater Amazonia comprised by the Orinoco, Amazonas and Guianas drainages (sensuvan der Sleen, Albert, 2018). Thus, the goal of this paper is to describe this new species.
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Plasma energetic substrates and hepatic enzymes in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) during the dry and rainy seasons in the Amazonian Island of Maracá, extreme north of Brazil
Maria Eduarda Gomes Guedes 1 and Tiago Gabriel Correia 1, 2
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Abstract Anableps anableps is a viviparous teleost typical from Amazon Delta estuaries. It is representative of this biome in Maracá, which offers a potential for biomonitoring. The aim of this study is to apply different biomarkers to males and females of this species and verify possible seasonal influences on their physiology. To collect fish, three expeditions were carried out from the rainy season of April 2018 to the rainy season of February 2019. Biometric parameters and gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), and viscerosomatic (VSI) indexes were calculated, and blood samples were taken to measure triglycerides, total proteins, glucose, and activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The GSI of males is higher in the rainy season and of females in the dry season. This is probably related to the embryogenesis process. Males show an increase in biomass during the dry season, a metabolic homogeneity, and females show an increase in plasma glucose, triglycerides, and ALT activity. The tested biomarkers are potential for biomonitoring, preliminarily suggesting that there is a seasonal asynchronism between males and females of A. anableps as for the allocation of energy resources at different times of their life cycle.
Keywords: Amapá, Delta, Fish transaminases, Tralhoto, Viviparity.
IntroductionCurrently, several types of anthropogenic threats are affecting aquatic ecosystems globally, including chemical pollutants, climate change, fishing, introduction of exotic species, human population growth, and pathogens (Häder et al., 2020). In this scenario, recent ecological disasters have occurred in the neotropical region and are especially marked in Brazil, among which the mining accident in Mariana (Foesch et al., 2020), fires in all biomes (da Silva Junior et al., 2020), and deforestation (for example in the Amazon River Basin region; Exbrayat et al., 2017), and river silting (Santos et al., 2020).
Some of these impacts occur in conservation and integral protection units, as an example, we mention the marine coastal island of Maracá. This island is susceptible to all the environmental threats mentioned above, since the Amazon Delta Estuary is vulnerable to multiple environmental and anthropogenic pressures (Mansur et al., 2016).
Therefore, the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems is an important tool to allow an ecophysiological assessment of biodiversity and of landscape in face of unpredictable or unspecified environmental threats. It requires the verification and interpretation of biological and physiological responses of target organisms (Costa, Teixeira, 2014). One of the main challenges in implementing biomonitoring programs is the selection of a species or a taxonomic group to be considered as a bioindicator. This is a decisive factor in its applicability (Ruaro et al., 2016).
A sentinel species, that is, the one chosen for aquatic biomonitoring, must meet some premises: it must indicate environmental disturbances and be a good ecological and biodiversity indicator (Costa, Teixeira, 2014); at the same time, it should meet some additional postulates, such as relative abundance, ease of capture, sampling and maintenance in laboratory, representativeness of the studied site, long life cycles, and relevance in the food chain (Zhou et al., 2008). In addition, this species must also meet some ecotoxicological requirements and have a relative physiological sensitivity to environmental stressors, allowing the basal and primary detection of effects and impacts on the food chain.
In this context, Anableps anableps (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae, commonly known by its indigenous name (“tralhoto”), or four-eyed fish, is a viviparous teleost species. Therefore, it is a livebearer species, in which superfetation is relatively absent or unusual and sexual dimorphism is evident, as the male has a tubular gonopod (Turner, 1938; Knight et al., 1985). The genus Anableps has the largest representatives in this order. They are pelagic animals distributed in the equatorial portion of the neotropical region (Ikeda et al., 2005), which includes the Amazon River Delta, Brazil.
This species resides in estuaries and performs intertidal migration as a surface swimming species (Krumme et al., 2014); however, it does not migrate across long distances, being restricted to environments of low salinity (Watanabe et al., 2014). Since it is a brackish water fish and inhabits mangrove areas, this species has morphological and jaw adaptations that allow it to jump out of the water and capture prey on land, especially in mudbanks (Michel et al., 2015). For this reason, they are notoriously common on the island of Maracá. In water columns or in substrates, it feeds on detritus, red algae, insects, fish, and Grapsidae crabs (Brenner, Krume, 2007). Such a food plasticity reveals a generalist strategy (Figueiredo et al., 2019).
Cavalcante and coauthors (2012) report studies that show the ecological importance, the reproductive strategy, and the abundance of A. anableps as its main characteristics. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential bioindicator species, especially because of its low occurrence in anthropically impacted environments. In addition to an appropriate choice of the bioindicator species for biomonitoring, the selection of biomarkers that express the physiological condition and the health of an organism is essential for an ecophysiological prognosis of an ecosystem (Hook et al., 2014), as they are defined as biological, biochemical, physiological responses, among others, presented by organisms in face of an environmental stressor. Hence, it can be used as a tool to support ecological assessment programs (Milinkovitch et al., 2019).
In light of the above, from the perspective of conservation physiology, it is possible to predict changes and impacts on wild animal populations through physiological metrics and approaches in order to contribute to conservation outcomes and management programs (Madliger et al., 2016). Among such metrics, fish metabolism and energetic substrates stand out. A study comparing individuals of yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814) captured in different seasons (spring and autumn) in six lakes in Québec-Canada found seasonal changes in condition factor, plasma fatty acids, and several liver and metabolic biomarkers (Levesque et al., 2002).
Another field studies compared females of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Gomes et al., 2015) and Astyanax fasciatus (currently Psalidon fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)) (Tolussi et al., 2018) in a reservoir (reference area) with another reservoir impacted by domestic sewage, industrial effluents, deforestation, and soil occupation in four different seasons in state of São Paulo (Brazil), showed the applicability of plasma biomarkers, as well as body index markers, such as gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), evidencing negative impacts on the physiology of these species due to the interaction between chemical contaminants and seasonal variations.
Energetic substrates, such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates from plasma and tissues, and the body indexes mentioned above, have also been used as biomarkers in bioassays with fish exposed to metals, such as aluminum, and have been shown to be adequate when evidencing physiological impacts on reproduction, metabolism, and the endocrine system (Correia et al., 2010; Vieira et al., 2013). Also, for several decades many fish hepatic enzymes, such as transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, have been used to monitor ecosystems and water quality (Gill et al., 1990). Currently, studies on the same subject continue to be carried out and they have pointed out that these enzymes, considered as biomarkers, are powerful tools in environmental biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems (Ebrahimzadeh et al., 2021).
The present study aims to investigate in different seasons the metabolism of energy substrates and activity of liver enzymes in the plasma of males and females of A. anableps in the estuarine ecosystem of island of Maracá. The reasons for this study are that the island of Maracá encompasses an aquatic ecosystem susceptible to anthropic influences and abiotic seasonal variations, the potential of the A. anableps for the context presented here, and the fact that there is no information available on characteristics of the basic physiology of this species, except for some data on zootechnical parameters, feeding and eye physiology.
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A new sisorid catfish of the genus Pseudolaguvia (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Nagaland, north-eastern India
PISCESSILURIFORMESSISORIDAETSÜCHA RIVERBRAHMAPUTRA RIVERNAGALANDAbstractPseudolaguvia vespa, new species, is described from the Tsücha River, Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India. The new species can be distinguished from congeners in having the following combination of characters: length of dorsal-fin spine 12.3–16.8% SL, a smooth anterior edge of the dorsal-fin spine, caudal peduncle depth 9.0–10.5% SL, body depth at anus 15.6–17.7% SL, caudal fin length 20.7–24.5% SL, pectoral fin length 20.1–24.1% SL, interorbital distance 22.7–28.1% SL, thoracic adhesive apparatus extending to midway between base of last pectoral-fin ray and pelvic-fin origin, and live specimens with two irregular, chrome-yellow bands on the body.
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Phylogeographic pattern, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of the enigmatic freshwater fish species Aulopyge huegelii (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)Ivana Buj,Mia Knjaz,Marko Ćaleta,Zoran Marčić,Lucija Ivić,Lucija Onorato,Radek Šanda,Jasna Vukić,Sven Horvatić,Davor Zanella,Perica Mustafić
First published: 08 December 2021
https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12574Contributing authors: Ivana Buj (ivana.buj@biol.pmf.hr), Mia Knjaz (mknjaz@gmail.com), Marko Ćaleta (marko.caleta@ufzg.hr), Zoran Marčić (zoran.marcic@biol.pmf.hr), Lucija Ivić (lucija.ivic@biol.pmf.hr), Lucija Onorato (lucija.onorato@biol.pmf.hr), Radek Šanda (rsanda@seznam.cz), Jasna Vukić (JVukic@seznam.cz), Sven Horvatić (sven.horvatic@biol.pmf.hr) and Davor Zanella (davor.zanella@biol.pmf.hr)
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Abstract
The genus Aulopyge, represented by a single species, the Dalmatian barbelgudgeon, Aulopyge huegelii, is an endemic genus with very restricted distribution range comprising several rivers in southern Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this study, molecular genetic analyses based on three molecular markers (one nuclear and two mitochondrial) were performed to confirm the position of Aulopyge within Cyprinidae, obtain data on its evolutionary history, and describe its population genetic structure and diversity. Specimens of A. huegelii were obtained throughout the distribution range. Phylogenetic reconstruction corroborated the independent position of this species and its placement within the Barbinae subfamily. The evolutionary history of A. huegelii started already in the middle Oligocene, whereas intraspecific divergences that left a trace in its current genetic structure and diversity are of much younger origin, starting in the middle Pleistocene. Unlike in other cypriniform species and genera distributed in the Dinaric karst region, there is no significant structuring within A. huegelii, or distribution of haplotypes concordant with the geographic scale. Furthermore, low effective population sizes estimated f
First published: 08 December 2021
https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12574Contributing authors: Ivana Buj (ivana.buj@biol.pmf.hr), Mia Knjaz (mknjaz@gmail.com), Marko Ćaleta (marko.caleta@ufzg.hr), Zoran Marčić (zoran.marcic@biol.pmf.hr), Lucija Ivić (lucija.ivic@biol.pmf.hr), Lucija Onorato (lucija.onorato@biol.pmf.hr), Radek Šanda (rsanda@seznam.cz), Jasna Vukić (JVukic@seznam.cz), Sven Horvatić (sven.horvatic@biol.pmf.hr) and Davor Zanella (davor.zanella@biol.pmf.hr)
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Abstract
The genus Aulopyge, represented by a single species, the Dalmatian barbelgudgeon, Aulopyge huegelii, is an endemic genus with very restricted distribution range comprising several rivers in southern Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this study, molecular genetic analyses based on three molecular markers (one nuclear and two mitochondrial) were performed to confirm the position of Aulopyge within Cyprinidae, obtain data on its evolutionary history, and describe its population genetic structure and diversity. Specimens of A. huegelii were obtained throughout the distribution range. Phylogenetic reconstruction corroborated the independent position of this species and its placement within the Barbinae subfamily. The evolutionary history of A. huegelii started already in the middle Oligocene, whereas intraspecific divergences that left a trace in its current genetic structure and diversity are of much younger origin, starting in the middle Pleistocene. Unlike in other cypriniform species and genera distributed in the Dinaric karst region, there is no significant structuring within A. huegelii, or distribution of haplotypes concordant with the geographic scale. Furthermore, low effective population sizes estimated f